Karin Bornett
Kalmar Ingilishi "nudge" na nufin wani abu kamar "turawa" ko "tsokana". A cikin littafin su na 2008 mai suna "Nudge: Inganta Yanke Shawara Game da Kiwan lafiya, Dukiya, da Farin Ciki", masanin tattalin arziki Richard Thaler da lauya Cass Sunstein sun bayyana dalla-dalla yadda Nudging na iya rinjayar ɗabi'ar masu amfani da "turawa" yayin lura da ɗabi'un ɗabi'a da tuƙa shi ta wata hanyar - ba tare da hani ko hukunci ba. Marubutan sun ɗauka cewa turawar dole ne ta kasance a bayyane kuma kada ta ɓatar da mabukaci. Kari kan haka, masu amfani dole ne koyaushe su iya yanke hukunci game da tursasawa cikin sauki kamar yadda suke so idan sun ga dama. Daga qarshe, tasirin ya kamata ya faru ne kawai don maslahar rayuwar alumma.
Nudging a aikace
Amma menene tsirara yayi kama? Akwai misalai da yawa: An nuna, alal misali, hoto na tashi a cikin kwarin fitsari yana ƙara haɓakar daidaito tsakanin maza. Theoƙarin tsabtatawa a cikin gidajen abinci da sanduna waɗanda ke amfani da wannan dabarar za a iya raguwa sosai.
Ko wani nuni da wani kamfani na Switzerland yayi kera don shawa suna motsawa masu amfani da ruwa su adana ruwa. Ana iya ganin beyar tazara a kan dusar kankara a allon. Da ya fi tsayi da zafi da sauri, da sauri dusar kankara ta narke kuma bera ta fada cikin ruwa.
Mai inganci Nudging Wata hanyar ita ce takamaiman kafa daidaitattun saituna. Wannan yana bawa kamfanoni ko jihohi damar yanke shawara ga masu amfani. Thaler da Sunstein sunaye wasu misalai waɗanda ke nuna yadda ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodi masu ƙarfi ke tasiri ga yanke shawarar mutane. Wata jami'a a New Jersey, alal misali, ta saita mai buga takardu zuwa "mai gefe biyu" a matsayin tsoho. Ga masu amfani, sauya firintocin zuwa "ɗab'i ɗaya gefe" abu ne mai yuwuwa, amma yana da ɗan wahala. Yawancin lokaci, ana yin bugu mai gefe biyu kai tsaye. Sakamakon haka, jami’ar da ake magana a kanta ta adana jimillar takardu miliyan 55 idan aka kwatanta da shekaru hudu da suka gabata, wanda ya yi daidai da ragin kashi 44 da kuma kariya daga bishiyoyi 4.650.
Nudging saboda haka na iya kare muhalli ko adana tsada tare da abubuwan yau da kullun, watau daidaitattun saituna, da kuma abubuwan ƙarfafawa. Amma mahimman lamuran zamantakewar al'umma, kamar ba da gudummawar sassan jiki, ana iya magance su ta hanyar kafa mizani a cikin ma'anar Nudging a jagoranci. Ana amfani da dokoki daban-daban anan dangane da ƙasa. Dole ne ku ba da gudummawa sosai don ba da gudummawa idan akwai, kamar yadda yake Deutschland, ko mai ba da kyauta ta atomatik kuma dole ne ya kasance mai hamayya da wannan, kamar a Austria. Kamar yadda ake tsammani, yawan masu bayarwa ya fi girma a cikin misali na ƙarshe. Hakanan 'yan siyasa zasu iya amfani da Nudges musamman. Wasu ƙasashe ma suna da nasu don wannan Nudging Rukunin da aka kafa don nazarin tasirin nudges daki-daki.
Tare da dukkan gaskiya da yanci na zabi wanda Thaler da Sunstein sukeyi Nudging Tsammani, masu sukar suna korafin cewa wannan magudi ne daga ƙarshe kuma yana tallafawa yayin da aka tsara tsarin yanke shawara ta yadda zai jagoranci mutane zuwa hanya guda. Tambayar ta yaya kuma wanda ya ayyana menene da abin da ba shi da amfani ga mutum da kuma amfanin kowa ma yana da wahala.
Masanin tattalin arziki Philipp Nagels yana daya Mataki na ashirin da in "duniya" aƙalla la'akari da cewa ana yin yanke shawara koyaushe ta hanyar sane ko kuma ba da saninsa ba: "Halin da wannan lamarin ya faru dole ne a yi la'akari da shi a hankali kuma mu tattauna, amma mu guji rinjayar ayyukanmu ta mahallin da muna motsawa, ba komai ba. "
Ci gaba manyan batutuwan anan.
Photo / Video: Shutterstock.
