ISDS shine raguwa don sasanta rikicin mai saka jari da jihar. An fassara shi zuwa Jamusanci, ma'anar "ƙudurin sassaucin ra'ayi tsakanin ƙasashe-ma'ana" na nufin. Wani kayan aiki ne na dokokin kasa da kasa kuma an riga an shigar dashi cikin yarjejeniyoyi da yawa. Kasashen Turai sun kammala kusan yarjejeniyar yarjejeniyar saka hannun jari na 1400 wadanda suka hada da ISDS. A duk duniya akwai kuɗaɗe Attac Austria fiye da 3300 na irin waɗannan yarjejeniyoyi. CETA ta hada da ISDS kuma ISDS suma suna cikin tattaunawar TTIP.
ISDS - hakkin musamman na hukumomi
ISDS, wannan kusan hakkin ne na musamman na masu saka jari. ISDS ta bawa kamfanoni na kasa da kasa damar shigar da karar kasashen keta haddi yayin da suka yi imanin cewa sabbin dokokin sun rage ribarsu.
Hadarin don haka: Hukumomin zasu iya hana dokoki, tunda dokar ba ta son yin haɗari da ƙararraki. Misali Cibiyar Muhalli ta Munich, misali, ta rubuta cewa: "Kariyar saka hannun jari tana haifar da hakkoki na musamman ga kamfanonin kasa da kasa. Yana ba su makami mai kaifi don aiwatar da abin da suke so musamman da mulkin demokraɗiyya. ”Alexandra Strickner, masanin kasuwanci a Attac Austria, ta tabbata cewa:“ ISDS tana sanya dokar ta ɓoye cikin faɗan jama'a, saboda tana samar da sabbin dokoki da alamar farashi. Kamar yadda misalai suka nuna, wannan na iya nufin cewa ba a gabatar da sabbin dokoki a cikin fa'idar gaba ɗaya ba (ko kuma kawai a mafi ƙaranci) saboda barazanar ɓatanci, ko kuma dole ne 'yan ƙasa su yi amfani da kuɗin harajin su don "rama" kamfanoni don asarar riba. Wannan fa'ida kawai ga kamfanonin duniya ne. Zasu iya ketare kotunan kasa da kuma samun 'yancin da babu wani a cikin al’umma. "
Wani katse tsari?
Koyaya, tsarin yana zuwa cikin matsin lamba a duniya - kuma siyasa tana mayar da martani a wani ɓangare: ƙasashe kamar Indiya, Ecuador, Afirka ta Kudu, Indonesia, Tanzania da Bolivia sun riga sun dakatar da irin waɗannan yarjejeniyar. Italiya ta fice daga yarjejeniyar Yarjejeniyar Makamashi, wanda ya hada da tsarin ISDS. A cikin sabon salon da aka sake tattaunawa game da yankin kasuwanci na Arewacin Amurka NAFTA ba za a sami ISDS tsakanin Amurka da Kanada ba. ECJ ta yanke hukuncin cewa ISDS ba ta dace da dokar EU tsakanin kasashen EU ba (galibin yarjejeniyoyi sune karuwar EU). A farkon watan Janairu, 22 kasashe mambobin EU sun ba da sanarwar 2019 ƙarshen ISDS tsakanin jihohin EU: game da 190 na irin waɗannan yarjejeniyoyi za a shafa. 2017 ya yi kara Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kasuwanci da ci gaba (UNCTAD) a karon farko sun katse wasu yarjejeniyoyi na zuba jari tare da ISDS fiye da wadanda aka kammala. Amma sauran yarjejeniyoyin ISDS da Vietnam da Mexico sun sasanta kuma yanzu haka cibiyoyin EU sun amince da su. Bugu da kari, a halin yanzu ana ci gaba da tattaunawa kan yarjejeniyar saka hannun jari tsakanin EU da Japan, China da Indonesia.
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