Option
Alamar Ci gaba ta Gaskiya tana auna ayyukan tattalin arzikin ƙasashe. Yayin da jimillar samfurin cikin gida (GDP) a matsayin ma'aunin tattalin arziki ya yi watsi da tasirin zamantakewa da muhalli na ci gaban tattalin arziki, Tushen Ci gaba na Gaskiya (GPI) kuma yana la'akari da farashi na bayyane da na ɓoye, kamar su. lalacewar muhalli, laifuka ko raguwar lafiyar jama'a.
GPI ya dogara ne akan Fihirisar Dorewar Harkokin Tattalin Arziki da aka haɓaka a cikin 1989, wanda taƙaitaccen ISEW ya fito daga Turanci "Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare". Daga tsakiyar 1990s, GPI ta kafa kanta a matsayin magaji mafi dacewa. A cikin 2006, GPI, a cikin Jamusanci "alamar ci gaba ta gaske", an sake yin bita kuma ta dace da abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu.
GPI yana zana ma'auni
GPI ya dogara ne akan ƙididdiga na amfani mai zaman kansa wanda aka auna ta ma'aunin rashin daidaiton kuɗin shiga. Ana kuma la'akari da halin da ake ciki na rashin daidaito na zamantakewa. Ya bambanta da GDP, alamar ci gaba kuma tana darajar fa'idodin aikin sa kai da ba a biya ba, aikin iyaye da aikin gida, da kuma ababen more rayuwa na jama'a. Ana cire kuɗaɗen kariya kawai, misali dangane da gurɓacewar muhalli, haɗarin zirga-zirga, asarar lokacin hutu, amma kuma ta hanyar lalacewa ko lalata babban jari na halitta. GPI don haka yana zana ma'auni na farashi da fa'idodi ga tattalin arzikin gida.
GPI: Girma ba ya daidai da wadata
A tarihi, GPI ya dogara ne akan "iyakan hasashe" na Manfred Max Neef. Wannan yana nuna cewa sama da wani ƙima a cikin tsarin tattalin arziƙin macroeconomic, amfanin ci gaban tattalin arziƙin yana ɓacewa ko rage shi ta hanyar barnar da yake haifarwa - hanya ce wacce kuma ke tallafawa buƙatu da abubuwan da ake buƙata. Digrowth-Motsi yana goyan bayan. Wannan ya soki ra'ayin ci gaba mara iyaka kuma yana ba da shawarar al'umma bayan girma.
Ana ɗaukar masanin tattalin arziki a matsayin wanda ya ƙirƙiri "alamar ci gaba ta gaske". Phillip Lawn. Ya haɓaka tsarin ka'idar don ƙididdige ƙididdiga / fa'ida na ayyukan tattalin arziki na GPI.
Matsayi na GPI
A halin yanzu, an ƙididdige GPI na wasu ƙasashe a duniya. Kwatanta da GDP yana da ban sha'awa musamman: GDP na Amurka, alal misali, yana nuna cewa wadata ya ninka tsakanin 1950 da 1995. Duk da haka, GPI na lokacin 1975 zuwa 1995 yana nuna raguwar 45 bisa dari a Amurka.
Austria, Jamus, Italiya, Netherlands, Sweden da Ostiraliya suma suna nuna haɓaka cikin wadata bisa ga lissafin GPI, amma wannan yana da rauni sosai idan aka kwatanta da ci gaban GDP. Cibiyar Harkokin Tattalin Arziki mai Dorewa (ImzuWi) ta ga mahimmancin fihirisa don kimanta ayyukan tattalin arziki, irin su GPI, kamar haka: "Gidad na GDP har yanzu yana kan sirdi. Ƙoƙarin, waɗanda wasunsu shekaru da yawa da suka gabata, don nuna dogaro da kuma tasirin tattalin arzikinmu ga mutane da yanayi a zahiri sun yi hasarar kaɗan daga tsattsauran ra'ayi da gaggawa har zuwa yau. (...) Sauya GDP kawai da wani mahimmin alama ba zai zama mafita ba. Maimakon haka, muna ganin ta haka: RIP BIP. Bambancin tattalin arziki ya daɗe!”
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