Umphakathi - glue yeningi

Amaphesenti ama-16 nje ezakhamizi zase-EU asethembele emaqenjini abo ezepolitiki. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlangano zomphakathi zijabulela idumela eliphakeme phakathi kwabantu. Ingabe inamandla okubuyisela ukuzethemba okulahlekile futhi ilwe nokuhlukaniswa kwezakhamizi embusweni?

Usizi lomnotho alunikanga nje kuphela isivuno esinamandla ekukhuleni komnotho eYurophu. Kuphawula futhi inguquko lapho ukholo lwabaseYurophu ezikhungweni ze-EU, kanye nakohulumeni babo bezwe kanye nezikhalazo zabo, sekuyehlile. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lwe-Euro Barometer lukhombisa ukuthi amaphesenti ama-16 kuphela ezakhamizi zase-EU kulo lonke elaseYurophu azethembayo izinhlangano zawo zezepolitiki, ngenkathi engawethembi ngokusobala wonke amaphesenti e-78. I-Austria ingelinye lalawo mazwe lapho iphalamende likazwelonke nohulumeni basenezinga eliphakeme lokuthembana (i-44 noma i-42 amaphesenti). Kunoma ikuphi, ngaphezu kwezikhungo ze-EU (amaphesenti we-32). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iningi lalabo abaye balahla ithemba labo kohulumeni bezwe babo kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo, kanye nasezikhungweni ze-EU, banqamula kulo lonke i-EU.

Thembela ezikhungweni zezepolitiki e-Austria nase-EU (ngamaphesenti)

Imiphumela yale nkinga yokuqiniseka ayibalulekile. Ngonyaka owedlule, izihlalo zamaphiko ezingena ngakwesokunene, izinhlangano ezibucayi kanye ne-xenophobic zavela zinqoba okhethweni lwaseYurophu, kanti i-Old Continent yagcwala imibhikisho yabantu abaningi - hhayi eGreece, e-Italy, eFrance noma eSpain kuphela, kepha naseBrussels, e-Ireland, eJalimane noma e-Austria. abantu bathathe imigwaqo ngoba bezizwa belahliwe yipolitiki. Ukungagculiseki kwabantu ngabamele babo bezepolitiki sekuyisikhathi eside kufinyelela ubukhulu bomhlaba. Isibonelo, i-CIVICUS State of Civil Society Report 2014 ithole ukuthi abantu be-2011 emazweni we-88, noma cishe ingxenye yazo zonke izifundazwe, bahlanganyele emibhikishweni yobuningi. Njengoba kunikezwe usizi lwababaleki njengamanje, ukuntuleka okukhulu kwemisebenzi (yentsha), imali engenayo ngokweqile kanye nokungalingani kwengcebo, kuhlangene nokukhula komnotho okubuthaka, kulindeleke ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa komphakathi kuqhubeke kube kubi. Akumangazi ukuthi enye yezinkinga ezinkulu zentando yeningi yesimanje ukuhlukaniswa kwezakhamizi ezinqubweni zezepolitiki. Futhi uma engekho, kufanele abe njalo.

Umbuzo uphakama ekutheni ukuqiniswa kwentando yeningi komphakathi kungamelana yini nokubandlululwa komphakathi kanye nokuwohloka kokuhlangana komphakathi. Ingabe inamandla okubuyisela ukuzethemba okujwayelekile futhi imise ukudalulwa kabusha kwamanani entando yeningi, amalungelo abantu, ibhalansi yenhlalo nokubekezelelana? Kungamele umbono wokubamba iqhaza, wentando yeningi kanye nobulungiswa bezenhlalo ngokuthembekile ukwedlula umbuso futhi ujabulele okuthile okuyisikhathi eside kulahlekelwe ezikhungweni zezepolitiki: ukwethenjwa kwesibalo sabantu.

"Umphakathi uhlala unikezwa ukuzethemba ngaphezu kohulumeni, abamele amabhizinisi nabezindaba. Siphila esikhathini lapho ukuthembela kubaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke imali. "
Ingrid Srinath, Civicus

Ngokwenhlolovo yocingo emele eyenziwe imakethe yaseMarktforschunsginstitut (2013), abaphenyi abasishiyagalolunye kwabayishumi bathi bagxila kakhulu ezinhlanganweni zomphakathi e-Austria kanye namaphesenti angaphezu kwama-50 abantu base-Austrian bakholelwa ukuthi ukubaluleka kwabo kuzoqhubeka ukukhula. Ezingeni laseYurophu, kuvela isithombe esifanayo: Inhlolovo ye-Eurobarometer ye-2013 ngemikhuba ye-EU Citizens ekubambeni ngentando yeningi etholakalayo yathola ukuthi amaphesenti ama-59 abantu baseYurophu bakholelwa ukuthi izinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni (ama-NGO) zabelana ngezintshisekelo nezindinganiso zabo. "Umphakathi uhlala unikezwa ukuzethemba ngaphezu kohulumeni, abamele amabhizinisi nabezindaba. Siphila esikhathini lapho ukuthembela kubaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezimali, "kusho u-Ingrid Srinath, owayenguNobhala-Jikelele weCIVICUS Global Alliance for Civil Participation.

Leli qiniso liya ngokuya licatshangelwa izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke. Isibonelo, embikweni wayo ngekusasa lomphakathi, iWorld Economic Forum ibhala ukuthi: "Ukubaluleka nethonya lomphakathi kuyanda futhi kufanele kukhuthazwe ukubuyisela ukuzethemba. [...] Umphakathi kufanele ungasabonwa njengengxenye "yesithathu", kepha njenge-adhesive ebamba imikhakha yomphakathi neyangasese ndawonye. " Esincomeni saso, iKomidi labaNgqongqoshe boMkhandlu WaseYurophu liphinde laqaphela "igalelo elibalulekile lezinhlangano ezingezona ezikahulumeni ekuthuthukisweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwentando yeningi kanye namalungelo abantu, ikakhulukazi ngokukhuthaza ukuqwashisa komphakathi, ukubamba iqhaza empilweni yomphakathi nokuqinisekisa ukucacisa kanye nokuziphendulela kwiziphathimandla zomphakathi". I-BEPA, inhlangano yabeluleki abasezingeni eliphakeme yaseYurophu, nayo ifinyelela indima ebalulekile ekubambeni iqhaza komphakathi esikhathini esizayo seYurophu: "Akusekho mayelana nokubonisana nokuxoxa ngezakhamizi kanye nomphakathi. Namuhla, kumayelana nokunika izakhamizi ilungelo lokusiza ekwakheni izinqumo ze-EU, ukuzinika ithuba lokuthi zibambe ezepolitiki kanye nombuso, ”kusho umbiko ngendima yomphakathi.

Futhi isisindo sezombusazwe?

Ama-NGO amaningi ase-Austrian enza umzamo othembekile wokubamba iqhaza ekwenzeni izinqumo kwezepolitiki nokwenza izinqumo. "Ngezihloko zethu, sibhekana ngqo nabathathi izinqumo ezithintekayo kwezokuphatha (oNgqongqoshe, Iziphathimandla) kanye Nezomthetho (National Council, Landtage), ukuqwashisa ngezinkinga futhi siphakamise izixazululo," kusho uThomas Mördinger wase-ÖkoBüro, umfelandawonye wezinhlangano ze16 emkhakheni wezabasebenzi. Ezemvelo, imvelo nenhlala-kahle yezilwane. Njengengxenye yemikhankaso yakhe, i-WWF Austria ixhumana namaqembu ePhalamende, oNgqongqoshe, nabaphathi nabamele ezepolitiki ezingeni lesifundazwe nakomasipala. I-Asylkoordination Österreich, inethiwekhi yezinhlangano zosizo zabokufika nezabaleki, nayo, ibamba iqhaza ekuhwebeni okuqhubekayo namaqembu ezepolitiki, ukuze, ngokwesibonelo, imibuzo yasePhalamende ibuzwe okuyinto evuswe noma yaze yaxazululwa ukuxhumanisa indawo yokukhosela.

"Ezingeni elifanele, amathuba okubamba iqhaza emithethweni e-Austria alinganiselwe."
UThomas Mördinger, Ehhovisi le-Eco

Yize ukushintshana phakathi kwezepolitiki zase-Austrian, ukuphatha kanye nezomphakathi kuyinto ethandekayo, kubonakaliswa ukungezwani okuphezulu. Kwenzeka kuphela ngesisekelo esingahlelekile futhi kukhawulelwe ezinhlanganweni ezimbalwa. Ezimweni eziningi, lesi sinyathelo sivela kubamele abamele umphakathi. UThomas Mördinger wase-ÖkoBüro unikeza ukuqonda ngomkhuba wokubambisana: "ONgqongqoshe bagcina uhlu lwabo, nezinhlangano ezimenyelwa ukuba ziphawule. Kodwa-ke, izikhathi zokuhlola zivame ukuba mfushane kakhulu noma zibekwe phansi ukuze kuhlaziywe ngokuningiliziwe kombhalo osemthethweni ozifaka izikhathi zakudala zeholide. " Ngenkathi abamele izinhlaka zomphakathi bavame ukunikeza imibono, ayikho imithetho ebophayo yokwenza lokho. "Ngokwezinga elisemthethweni, amathuba okubamba iqhaza emithethweni e-Austria alinganiselwe," kuqhubeka uMördinger. Lokhu kusilela kubuye kuqinisekiswe nguFranz Ne kujitufl, uMqondisi oMele wezinhlangano ezingenzi inzuzo (IGO): "Inkhulumomphendvulwano ihlala ihleliwe, ifike ngesikhathi futhi ende ayihlelekile futhi ihlelekile ngendlela oyifunayo."

"Ingxoxo ihlala ihleliwe, igcina isikhathi futhi ayihlelekile futhi ihlelekile ngendlela efisa ngayo."
UFranz Ne kujitufl, ukumela izinhlangano ezingenzi inzuzo (IGO)

Ngasikhathi sinye, inkhulumomphendvulwano yomphakathi kade yaba yindlela yomhlaba wonke. Isibonelo, iPhepha eliMhlophe mayelana noHulumeni waseYurophu, i-Aarhus Convention kanye noMkhandlu WaseYurophu bafuna ukubandakanyeka okuhlelekile kwezinhlangano zomphakathi ezinhlelweni zomthetho. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlangano zamazwe omhlaba - noma ngabe i-UN, i-G20, noma iKhomishini yase-Europe - akhona futhi abandakanya izinhlangano zomphakathi njalo ezinqubweni ezisemthethweni zokubonisana.

Umphakathi: Isivumelwano

KuFranz Ne kujitufl, lowo obizwa nge- "Compact" uyisibonelo esiyisisekelo sokusebenzisana okuhlelekile nokuzibophayo phakathi komphakathi kanye nohulumeni. Le compact yisivumelwano esibhaliwe phakathi kwezinhlangano zenhlangano yomphakathi elawula inhloso nefomu lokuzibandakanya kwabo. Isibonelo, i-Compact, ngokwesibonelo, ifuna emphakathini ukuthi inkululeko kanye nezinhloso zezinhlangano zomphakathi zihlonishwe futhi zigcinwe, ukuthi zihlinzekwe ngendlela enengqondo futhi ngokulinganayo, futhi nokuthi zibambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwezinhlelo zezepolitiki kusukela ngosuku lokuqala. Umphakathi, nawo, ufuna inhlangano esebenzayo, ubufakazi obuqinile njengesisekelo sokuphakamisa izixazululo nemikhankaso, ihlonze futhi imelele imibono nezintshisakalo zeqembu layo okuhloswe ngalo, futhi ingacaci ngokusobala ngokuthi imelele bani nokuthi ingubani.

Ngokuphetha kweCompact, uhulumeni waseBrithani uzibophezele "ekunikezeni abantu amandla amaningi nokulawula izimpilo zabo nemiphakathi yabo, nokubeka ukuzibophezela komphakathi ngaphezu kwenqubomgomo yombuso kanye nezinqubomgomo ezisezingeni eliphakeme." Ubona iqhaza lakhe ikakhulukazi "ekuguquleni ushintsho lwamasiko ngokunikeza amandla avela esikhungweni nokwandisa ukucaca" Ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi iNgilandi nayo ine "Ministry of Civil Society" yayo.
Eqinisweni, cishe ingxenye yawo wonke amaZwe angamaLungu e-EU athuthukise leyo dokhumenti futhi asebenze ekubambisaneni ngokubopha nomphakathi. Ngeshwa i-Austria ayikho.

I-NGO Austria

Umphakathi wase-Austrian ubandakanya cishe amakilabhu we-120.168 (2013) kanye nenombolo engaziwa yezisekelo zokupha ezinesisa. Umbiko we-Economic Report oyikhona manje i-Austria uphinde ubonise ukuthi ngonyaka u-2010 5,2 wamaphesenti abo bonke abasebenzi base-Austria aqashwa ngeminyaka ye-15 emkhakheni ongenzi nzuzo.
Ukubaluleka komnotho komphakathi womphakathi akufanele kunganakwa nalokhu. Yize lokhu lokhu kungakaqoshwa ngokuhleliwe kuleli, kepha kusalinganiselwa ngokwemithetho yobuciko. Isibonelo, ukubalwa kweVienna University of Economics neDanube University Krems kukhombisa ukuthi inani eliphakeme elingezwe kumaNGO ase-Austrian phakathi kwe5,9 ne10 lifinyelela ezigidini zama-euro ngonyaka. Lokhu kufana ne-1,8 kuya kumaphesenti ama-3,0 womkhiqizo omkhulu wasekhaya wase-Austria GDP.

Photo / Video: Ugogo, Imidiya yenketho.