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I-Collectivism vs. uqobo

Kubalulekile yini ukujikisa umphakathi ngokuya ngezinhloso ezifanayo namagugu? Noma ingabe wonke umuntu kufanele abe nenkululeko ebanzi, futhi esebenzisa izindleko zezenhlalo?

I-Collectivism vs. uqobo

"Imiphakathi yesimanjemanje ingaba khona kuphela uma kunokulingana okunempilo phakathi kokuhlangana ndawonye nokubumbana."

Isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu uGrigori Judin

Cha, akubanga khona ukukhala endaweni yezwe lase-Alpine ngenkathi uChancellor Chancellor uSebastian Kurz ekhuluma enkulumweni yakhe emhlabeni I-World Economic Forum Ekuqaleni kuka-2020, phakathi kwemigqa kubonise ushintsho lwesistimu olubalulekile. Kuhlakazeke, kukhishwe imithombo yezindaba emfushane ngaphandle kwencazelo eqhubekayo, izitatimende ezimbalwa ezivela kuma-NGO - kunjalo. Kusukela ekuqaleni konyaka, ukumemezela kukaKurz ngempi ngokuhlanganisa, okuye ngokusho kwakhe kulethe into eyodwa kuphela: "... okungukuthi ukuhlupheka, indlala nosizi olungakholeki." Uhlelo lwe-European value. Ngoba kungekudala kukhulunywa "ngokubumbana", kwenza kuzwakale ngathi "ubukhomanisi", kepha kunalokho kufisa i- "neoliberalism"bheka mayelana nesimo sezulu lapha).

"Ngicabanga ukuthi sonke kufanele siqaphele ukuthi udaba lokuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu alusetshenziswa kabi ukuvikela abantu abadala imiqondo yokubumbana ukukhangisa ukuthi ngubani ohlale ehluleka - noma ngabe ukuphi emhlabeni - futhi okulethe into eyodwa kuphela: okungukuthi ukuhlupheka, indlala nosizi olukhulu. "

UChancellor Sebastion Kurz eWorld Economic Forum 2020

Inkulumo eDavos: USebastian Kurz uxwayisa ngokuthambekela kobushiqela - kepha ufuna "ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu"

UNdunankulu wase-Austrian uSebastian Kurz ukhulume enkulumweni eseWorld Economic Forum (WEF) eDavos ukuze kube nokuxhumana phakathi kwePolor yenkululeko kwezomnotho…

Indima ebalulekile iqala ngo-2:30 min.
Indlela: Kusazobonakala ukuthi ngabe izindlela zokuvikela isimo sezulu zizolandela yini. Kuze kube manje...

Ngemuva kwemibandela

Kepha yini imbangela yamagama ngokuhlanganisa kanye nelungelo lokulwa nomuntu ngamunye? Lokhu kusho amasistimu wenani anikela ngokubaluleka kokuhlangana - okuwukuthi, umphakathi wezepolitiki, noma ngamafuphi: kithina sonke - noma ogxile kumuntu ngamunye nakwizintshisekelo zakhe. Into eyodwa phakathi: Ihlobene kancane nobukhomanisi. Okuningi okushiwo: Ngabe umphakathi uzichaza kanjani?

Kubaluleke kakhulu: Noma ngabe ukuqoqana ndawonye kanye nokuqonda ukuthi umuntu othile kuqondwe ngokungafanele njengabantu abaphikisayo, empeleni amelela izilinganiso ezimbili ezizimele ebunyeni. Noma ngabe umphakathi ugxile kwintshisekelo evamile, lokhu akusho ukuthi kungavunyelwa inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye. Kepha: ukuhlanganisa ndawonye kanye nokuthanda umuntu uqobo kungaba nencazelo eyehluke kakhulu ngokuya ngombono, ngokwesibonelo ezingeni lezomnotho, lezepolitiki noma lezenhlalo.

izincazelo
ngezansi ukuhlanganisa kuqondwa njengohlelo lwamagugu kanye nezindlela lapho inhlanganisela yenhlanganisela ibeka phambili kakhulu. Izintshisekelo zomuntu ngamunye zisetshenziselwa lezo zeqembu lezenhlalo ezihlelwe ngokubambisana.
der wokuziqambela uhlelo lwemicabango nezindinganiso lapho kugxilwe kuzo umuntu ngamunye.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuzimela komuntu kanye nokuhlangana ngokuqhathanisa namasiko akuzona izigxobo eziphikisanayo zesilinganiso esifanayo, kepha izilinganiso ezimbili ezizimele ngokuphelele; eqinisweni, ukuzimela komuntu kanye nokuqoqelana kuhlanganisa ngqo zero ekuqhathanisheni amasiko. * Njengomuntu ngamunye, ukuhlangana ngokuqoqekile akuyona ukwakhiwa okuqinile, okusho ukuthi ngoba kunamanani wokuhlanganisa ngokujwayelekile emphakathini akusho ukuthi amanani umuntu awekho kuwo.
Imithombo: D. Oyserman, HM Coon, M. Kemmelmeier: Ukucabanga ngobuntu kanye nobumbano

Izinga lezepolitiki

“I-Austria iyiphikisana ngentando yeningi. Ilungelo lakho livela kubantu, ”kusho iSigaba 1 kumthethosisekelo wase-Austrian. Ukukhetha kwenziwa phambi kwemibono eminingi ehlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke kungumsebenzi wezinhlelo zentando yeningi ukuzihlela ngendlela yokuthi izintshisekelo zabantu zilingane futhi izinqumo zisuselwa entandweni ethathwa njengokujwayelekile, ngokombono okhona.

Izintshisakalo zenhlalo

Kungakhathaleki ukuthi umuntu ubheka kanjani intando yeningi, impumelelo yayo isuselwa ikakhulukazi kwimpumelelo yayo ekuthandeni okuqoqiwe, inani labantu lilonke. Izimpumelelo empeleni eziyi- ubusoshiyali kunikwe amandla: amalungelo abantu, inkululeko yokubonisa, ubumbano, izinzuzo zenhlalo nabanye abaningi. Impumelelo ye-collectivist, okuguquko kwamanje kwamanani kuya kumuntu ngamunye noma i-neoliberalism falter.

Izinhlobo zokulinganisa ezizimele

Thatha isibonelo se-USA: Iphupho laseMelika belilokhu lelo elomuntu nomuntu - nenkululeko yomuntu ngamunye. Futhi ukhombisile ukuthi ukulingana nakho kungaba umbuzo wezimali, ukuthi ukunakekela abagulayo akuyona yini into, ukuthi ukuhlinzekwa kwabadala akusebenzi kuwo wonke umuntu.

I-Russia iyisibonelo esihle kakhulu soshintsho ohlelweni lwewmiphumela kanye nemiphumela yako - zombusazwe nakwezenhlalo. "Izwe laseRussia lingenye yamazwe azimele kakhulu," kusho uchwepheshe wezenhlalo uGrigori Judin. Yize kunezinto ezimbili ezihlotshaniswa nabantu baseSoviet, ukubumbana nokuzonda ukuzimela. U-Judin: "Sangenisa uhlelo olushaqekile lohlelo lwentando yeningi: inkululeko yenkululeko ngaphandle kwentando yeningi. Lokho kusibeka esimweni esingajwayelekile. Ngoba zonke izifundo zibonisa ukuthi asikho neze isizathu sokucabanga ngeSoviet noma ngabantu banamuhla baseRussia. Sekukonke, ukwenziwa kwe-juxtaposition of itselfism and collectivism kuyinto engabazekayo ethathwa kusukela ekubukeni kwesayensi yezenhlalo: obaba basunguli bayo babekhathalela kakhulu ukwakheka. "

Ibhalansi

Ngokombono wokuhlalisana kwabantu, akuyona indaba yokuqhathanisa ubuwena kanye nobumbano. U-Judin: "Imiphakathi yesimanje ingaba khona kuphela uma kunokulingana okunempilo phakathi kwalezi ezimbili. Inkinga yethu ukuthi kunobuntu obunobudlova eRussia, obudluliswa ukwesaba ngaphenduka umncintiswano onesihluku, ukungathembani okuphelele kanye nobutha. […] Uma ufuna ukwenza isiwula sakho, konke okufanele ukwenze ukusebenzisa igama elithi "okuhle".

Kodwa lokho akumenzi ajabule wonke umuntu, kuchaza uchwepheshe wezenhlalo: “Uma uthi kunokuntuleka kwempilo ehlanganyelwe eRussia, kusho nokuthi isidingo saso sihlala sikhona. Kunezimpawu ezimbalwa zokuthi abantu bebonke banobunzima bokuhlangabezana nalokhu kusilela. [...] Umuntu udalwe ngendlela yokuthi adinga izinhloso ezihlangene, umazisi. "

Ukuvikeleka okuhlangene

Kepha kuneminye imibono: Iqiniso lokuthi isimo sezulu sokubandisa komphakathi, ukunganakwa kanye nobugovu kubangelwa ukuzimela okungavikeleki, ukungahlangani, ukubumbana, i-ego esikhundleni salokho kufanele sisolwe ngesazi sefilosofi saseJalimane u-Alexander Grau njengesihlumbuki. IGermany isingena ekududuzeni okuhlanganyelwe: "Umphakathi wethu awuwona umuntu owodwa futhi othanda ukuzimela, ukuzimela nokuzimela. Okuphambene nalokho kunjalo. Esaba kakhulu futhi ekhungathekile yimiphumela yendlela yokuzimela, yokuphila ngokukhululeka, umuntu wanamuhla ufisa ukuphepha nokuvikeleka. Kuqala ezingeni lokuhlelela impilo yangasese. […] Amanani wobuntu, indlela yokuphila yangemuva kwabantu abazimele? Kungcono kakhulu ebusweni. […] Esikhundleni salokho, usesho lwakamuva lokuphinda lubhalwe phansi olunenjongo, olungenanto yakwenza nokuzimela nobuntu obuhlukile, kepha lufisa ukuzibophezela nokuvikeleka okuhlangene. "

Inkululeko yezomnotho engenamkhawulo?

Imibono eminingi kangaka? Lutho neze. Labo abakhuluma ngokubumbana nokuzibambela mathupha kulezi zinsuku zonke ngokuvamile zisho inkinga evuthayo ye-neoliberalism noma i-liberalism yezomnotho. Futhi noma ngabe leli gama lingaqondwa njengomqondo noma umbono wezepolitiki, into eyodwa ishiwo ngaphezu kwakho konke: inkululeko ebanzi yezomnotho, enqunyelwe emthethweni kahulumeni omningi. Ngokufanele ngaphandle kwenyunyana nabalingani bezenhlalo. Ngakho-ke umuntu ngamunye kanye nenkululeko yokuqanjwa. Ubumbano lwenzekile isikhathi eside. Isibonelo, i-Austria, yathatha le ndlela emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule ngaphansi kobuhlakani bokwenza izinto ngasese. Isibonelo, izingxenye zokunakekelwa kwempilo noma izinsizakalo zezenhlalo kade zenziwa "zenziwa zabucala", okungukuthi, "izinhlangano" zincike kwizibonelelo zomxhaso noma ezinkampanini "ezithunyelwe ngaphandle" ezisunguliwe. By the way, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwezombusazwe kanye nokufundiswa.

Ngubani okhonza ezepolitiki? Abantu?

Angiqondakali? Lapho abanye bethi umbuso awusafezekisi imisebenzi yawo eyisisekelo yomphakathi (noma abantu), abanye bakholelwa ukuthi leli gunya alikaze libe khona futhi alisekho. Uhulumeni we republic ukhonza yedwa futhi eyedwa. Akunanhloso yombuso "inhlala-kahle yabo bonke" ebekwe kumthethosisekelo. (By endleleni, lapha ngendaba imigomo yezwe.) Isifungo seChristian Chancellor sifundeka kanjena: "Ngiyafunga ukuthi ngizowugcina umthetho-sisekelo nayo yonke imithetho republic futhi ngizokwenza umsebenzi wami ngokwazi kwami ​​konke kanye nokukholelwa kwami." Alikho igama ukuthi chancellor ikhona ukuze kusizakale bonke.

UChancellor Kurz akenzi mfihlo yemigomo yakhe yomuntu ngamunye. Umnotho ubonakala ubaluleke kakhulu kuye, okuyinto esemthethweni ngokusho komthetho wamanje: "Sidinga ukuvikeleka kwezemvelo nokuvikela isimo sezulu ngasikhathi sinye nokukhula okuqinile kwezomnotho kanye nempumelelo yezomnotho futhi nginethemba ngokuphelele lokuthi singaphumelela uma thina njenge-European Union sincike emandleni ethu, okuwumphakathi wethu ovulekile, emphakathini wethu omkhululekile futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke emnothweni wethu omkhulu futhi oqinile eYurophu. "

INFO: Ngubani ozuzayo kwezepolitiki?
Ngokuhlangene
Into eyodwa eqinisekile: "Ukuphila kwabantu" akusisekelo sisekelo. Kuphela igama elithi "republic" okuhloswe ngalo ukusho okuhle okuvamile, lingafundwa kumawebhusayithi asemthethweni www.oesterreich.gv.at kanye nakuthi www.parlament.gv.at. Uhulumeni ubhekele ukutolika. "Okwamanje kusukela ngekhulu lama-20, uWolfgang Mager noma uJosef Isensee babona ukucaciswa kwencazelo nokusetshenziswa kwegama ngokweqile kwegama. Igama elithi intando yeningi lanquma futhi lathatha indawo yegama elithi republic, lafaka umehluko okusho ukuthi "uhulumeni wakhethwa ngabantu" (ngentando yeningi) kanye "nepolitiki ekhonza okuhle" (republic), njengoba uHans Buchheim eseshilo " kusho kuqhubeke Wikipedia.

Photo / Video: Ugogo.

Ibhalwe ngu Helmut Melzer

Njengentatheli yesikhathi eside, ngazibuza ukuthi yini engaba nengqondo ngokombono wezintatheli. Ungabona impendulo yami lapha: Inketho. Ukubonisa ezinye izindlela ngendlela enengqondo - ngentuthuko enhle emphakathini wethu.
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Amazwana we-1

Shiya umlayezo
  1. Kunegciwane elibulalayo eliseduze. Angiqondile igciwane le-corona ngalokho. Esikhundleni salokho, ngikhuluma nge-imperialism ye-neoliberal njengoba izinga elilandelayo lobungxiwankulu, oku-okubukeka - selithole umusa kuKhansela wethu. I-tenor: izintshisekelo zomnotho ngaphezu kwalezo ezihlangene. Hlukanisa iYurophu kuso sonke isintu. Ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu kuphela uma kungabizi lutho.

    Ngokusho kukaKurz eWorld Economic Forum, imibono yabahlanganyeli ibingaletha into eyodwa kuphela: “okungukuthi ukuhlupheka, indlala nosizi olungakholeki.” “Funda umlando” ngabe uphendule lowo owayenguShansela uBruno Kreisky. Ngoba kwakungeyona impumelelo yamaqoqo njengamalungelo esintu, inkululeko yokuveza imibono, amalungelo abasebenzi, izivumelwano ezihlangene, izimpesheni nokunye okwadala ukuhlupheka, kepha ukuxhashazwa kweplanethi nabantu - izinkulungwane zeminyaka - ukuze kuzuze ingcebo yabambalwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuphoxeka kwabanye sekufike ezingeni elisha kimi.

    Ithemba lami liphela lapha. Ngoba uma inqubomgomo yobugovu nokuhaha imisa, inqubekelaphambili encane yomhlaba eyenziwe kuze kube manje iba sengozini. Ngenxa yokubusa kobushiqela okuzayo, ngiyazisola ngamathuba aphuthelwe wokuqhubekisa nentando yeningi. Masingabi ngaphansi kokukhohlisa: ukubamba iqhaza kwethu kuphela kuyilungelo lokukhetha iqembu. Noma ngabe kubhekene nenkinga yesimo sezulu esisobala nezinhloso ezimbili zomthethosisekelo “zokuvikelwa kwemvelo okuphelele” (1984) kanye “nokusimama” (2013), kumele kwenziwe u-referendum, obese "kubhekanwa nawo" kuMkhandlu Kazwelonke. Ngeshwa, ukusimama futhi kungumbono wokuhlanganisa ndawonye.

    Ngiyaphinda futhi? Tshela ababaleki abangama-20.000 abangene eMedithera kusukela ngo-2014. Izigidi zabantu abaxhashazwa ekuhluphekeni kwabo okubangelwa ngandlela thile izinkampani zamazwe omhlaba kanye ne-geopolitics yasentshonalanga. Abacindezelwe kwezombusazwe, emazweni abo sithanda ukuthenga okungabizi.

    Leli yigciwane engilishoyo!

Shiya amazwana