Option
Inkomba Yenqubekelaphambili Yangempela ikala ukusebenza komnotho wamazwe. Nakuba isamba somkhiqizo wasekhaya (GDP) njengenkomba yezomnotho iyiziba imiphumela yezenhlalo nemvelo yokuthuthukiswa komnotho, i-Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) nayo icabangela izindleko zayo ezivulekile nezifihliwe, njenge ukulimala kwemvelo, ubugebengu noma impilo ewohlokayo yabantu.
I-GPI isuselwe ku-Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare eyathuthukiswa ngo-1989, isifinyezo sayo esithi ISEW sisuka kwesiNgisi "Inkomba Yenhlalakahle Yezomnotho Eqhubekayo". Kusukela maphakathi nawo-1990, i-GPI yazisungula njengomlandeli ongokoqobo. Ngo-2006, i-GPI, ngesiJalimane "inkomba yenqubekelaphambili yangempela", yabuyekezwa futhi yashintshwa ukuze ihambisane nentuthuko yamanje.
I-GPI idonsa ibhalansi inetha
I-GPI isuselwe esilinganisweni sokusetshenziswa kwangasese okukalwe inkomba yokungalingani kwemali engenayo. Izindleko zomphakathi zokungalingani nazo ziyabhekwa. Ngokungafani ne-GDP, inkomba yenqubekelaphambili iphinde ihloniphe izinzuzo zomsebenzi wokuzithandela ongakhokhelwa, ubuzali nomsebenzi wasendlini, kanye nengqalasizinda yomphakathi. Izindleko zokuzivikela, ngokwesibonelo, mayelana nokungcoliswa kwemvelo, izingozi zomgwaqo, ukulahlekelwa isikhathi sokungcebeleka, kodwa futhi ngenxa yokuguga noma ukucekelwa phansi kwezimali zemvelo, ziyasuswa. Ngakho-ke i-GPI idonsa ibhalansi yonke yezindleko nezinzuzo zomnotho wendawo.
I-GPI: Ukukhula akufani nokuchuma
Ngokomlando, i-GPI isuselwe "kumbono womkhawulo" wokuthi UManfred Max-Neef. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngaphezu kwenani elithile ohlelweni lomnotho omkhulu, inzuzo yokukhula komnotho iyalahleka noma yehliswe ngomonakalo owudalayo - indlela ebuye isekele izimfuno kanye nemibono yocwaningo. Ukudonswa kwesisindo-Movement isekela. Lokhu kugxeka umqondo wokukhula okungenamkhawulo futhi kukhuthaza umphakathi wangemva kokukhula.
Isazi sezomnotho sithathwa njengomsunguli “wenkomba yenqubekelaphambili yangempela”. Phillip Lawn. Wakha uhlaka lwethiyori lokubala izindleko/inzuzo yemisebenzi yezomnotho ye-GPI.
Isimo se-GPI
Okwamanje, i-GPI yamanye amazwe emhlabeni wonke ibaliwe. Ukuqhathaniswa ne-GDP kuyathakazelisa ngokukhethekile: I-GDP yase-USA, isibonelo, iphakamisa ukuthi ukuchuma kuphindeke kabili phakathi kuka-1950 no-1995. Nokho, i-GPI yenkathi ka-1975 kuya ku-1995 ikhombisa ukwehla okukhulu ngamaphesenti angama-45 e-USA.
I-Austria, iJalimane, i-Italy, iNetherlands, iSweden ne-Australia nazo zibonisa ukukhula kokuchuma ngokusho kwezibalo ze-GPI, kodwa lokhu kubuthakathaka kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokuthuthukiswa kwe-GDP. I-Impulse Centre for Sustainable Economics (ImzuWi) ibona ukubaluleka kwezinkomba zokuhlola imisebenzi yezomnotho, njenge-GPI, ngendlela elandelayo: “I-GDP isamile ngokuqinile. Imizamo, eminye yayo esenamashumi eminyaka ubudala, ukukhombisa ukuncika kanye nomthelela womnotho wethu kubantu nasemvelweni ngokweqiniso ilahlekelwe ukugqama nokuphuthuma kwayo kuze kube namuhla. (...) Ukushintshwa nje kwe-GDP ngenye inkomba ebalulekile ngeke kube yisixazululo. Kunalokho, sikubona ngale ndlela: RIP BIP. Kuphile isikhathi eside ukwehluka kwezomnotho!”
Photo / Video: Ugogo.
