Ithemba lezombusazwe?

Amahlazo ezepolitiki, abezomthetho abanomthelela, abezindaba abangazibophezeli, ukusimama okunganakiwe - uhlu lwezikhalazo lude. Futhi kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi ukwethembela ezikhungweni ezisekela umbuso kuyaqhubeka nokucwila.

Ngabe uyawazi umgomo wokuthembela ethrafikhi yomgwaqo? Impela, ithi ungancika ekuziphatheni okulungile kwabanye abasebenzisi bomgwaqo. Kepha kuthiwani uma kungenye yezikhungo ezibaluleke kakhulu I-Gesellschaft awusenakuthenjwa na?

Inkinga yokuzethemba ngisho nangaphambi kukaCorona

Ukuthembana kuchaza ukuqiniseka okuzimele ngokunemba, ubuqiniso bezenzo, ukuqonda kanye nezitatimende noma ukwethembeka kwabantu. Ngesinye isikhathi akukho okusebenza ngaphandle kokwethembana.

Ubhadane lwe-corona lukhombisa: Akugcini nje ukuthi abase-Austrian bahlukaniswe embuzweni wokugonywa kwe-corona, ngisho nangaphambi kwalokho lapho kwaba khona ukwehlukaniswa ngokweqile emibuzweni yezepolitiki. Eminyakeni eyisithupha edlule, amaphesenti ayi-16 kuphela ezakhamizi ze-EU (i-Austria: 26, inhlolovo yeKhomishini ye-EU) asabeka ithemba lawo emaqenjini ezepolitiki. Khonamanjalo, inkomba yokuzethemba ye-APA ne-OGM ngonyaka ka-2021 isezingeni eliphansi kakhulu enkingeni yokuzethemba: Phakathi kosopolitiki abathembeke kakhulu, uMongameli weFederal u-Alexander Van der Bellen uphezulu ngamaphesenti angama-43 abuthaka, alandelwa nguKurz (amaphesenti angama-20) no U-Alma Zadic (amaphesenti ayi-16). Ucwaningo olungelona olumele abafundi be-Option ezikhungweni zasekhaya lukhombise ukungabethembi okukhulu osopolitiki ngokujwayelekile (amaphesenti angama-86), uhulumeni (amaphesenti angama-71), abezindaba (amaphesenti angama-77) nabamabhizinisi (amaphesenti angama-79). Kepha ucwaningo kufanele luphathwe ngokuqapha, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zeCorona.

Injabulo nokuthuthuka

Noma kunjalo, izinto zehlukile kwamanye amazwe, njengeDenmark: Abangaphezu koyedwa kwababili (amaphesenti angama-55,7) bathembela kuhulumeni wabo. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi abaseDenmark bebehamba phambili embikweni we-UN Wenjabulo Yomhlaba kanye ne Inkomba Yokuthuthuka Komphakathi. UChristian Bjornskov wase-Aarhus University uchaza ukuthi kungani: “IDenmark neNorway amazwe lapho kunokwethenjwa okukhulu kwabanye abantu.” Impela: Kuwo womabili la mazwe, amaphesenti angama-70 alabo okwaxoxwa nabo athi abantu abaningi bangathenjwa Umhlaba wonke amaphesenti angama-30 kuphela.

Kungaba nezizathu ezimbili ezibalulekile zalokhu: "I-Jante Code of Conduct" ngokuqinisekile idlala indima, edinga isizotha nokuzibamba njengomkhawulo. Ukusho ukuthi ungenza okuningi noma ube ngcono kunomunye umuntu kubukelwa phansi eDenmark. Okwesibili, uBjornskov uyachaza: “Ukwethembana kuyinto oyifunda kusukela ekuzalweni, isiko lamasiko.” Imithetho yenziwa ngokusobala futhi iyalandelwa, abaphathi basebenza kahle futhi ngokusobala, inkohlakalo ayivamile. Kucatshangwa ukuthi wonke umuntu wenza kahle.
Ngokombono wase-Austria ipharadesi, kubonakala kunjalo. Kodwa-ke, uma ukholwa ukuthi izinkomba esezishiwo, i-Austria ayenzi kabi ngokwesilinganiso - noma ngabe amanani ayisisekelo ayingxenye ethile yeminyaka embalwa edlule. Ingabe singabantu basezintabeni abagcwele ukungathembani?

Indima yomphakathi

“Siphila esikhathini lapho ukwethembana kuyigugu kakhulu kuzo zonke izimali. Umphakathi ukhonjiswa njalo ukwethenjwa ukwedlula ohulumeni, abamele amabhizinisi nabezindaba, ”kusho u-Ingrid Srinath, owayenguNobhala-Jikelele we-global Alliance for Civic Participation I-CIVICUS. Izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke ziya ngokuya zikunaka lokhu. Isibonelo, i-World Economic Forum ibhala embikweni wayo ngekusasa lomphakathi: “Ukubaluleka nethonya lomphakathi liyanda futhi kufanele likhuthazwe ukuze kubuyiswe ukwethembana. […] Izinhlangano zomphakathi akumele zisathathwa “njengomkhakha wesithathu”, kodwa njengentambo ebamba izinhlaka zomphakathi nezizimele ndawonye.

Ekuncomeni kwayo, iKomidi loNgqongqoshe loMkhandlu WaseYurophu liphinde laqaphela “umnikelo obalulekile wezinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni ekuthuthukisweni nasekuqalisweni kwentando yeningi namalungelo abantu, ikakhulukazi ngokukhuthaza ukuqwashisa umphakathi, ukubamba iqhaza empilweni yomphakathi kanye nokuqinisekisa ukwenza izinto obala kanye ukuphendula kuziphathimandla zomphakathi ”. Iqembu elisezingeni eliphakeme labeluleki baseYurophu i-BEPA libuye libeke iqhaza elibalulekile ekubambeni iqhaza kwezinhlangano zomphakathi ngekusasa laseYurophu: “Akusekho mayelana nokubonisana noma ukuxoxisana nezakhamizi kanye nomphakathi. Namuhla kumayelana nokunikeza izakhamizi ilungelo lokusiza ekubumbeni izinqumo ze-EU, ukuzinikeza ithuba lokubamba ezombusazwe nezombuso ziphendule, ”kusho umbiko ngeqhaza lomphakathi.

Isici sokubonisa ngale

Okungenani kuthathwe izinyathelo ezithile ekuvezeni izinto obala eminyakeni edlule. Kudala sahlala emhlabeni lapho kungekho lutho oluhlala lufihlekile. Umbuzo uhlala, noma kunjalo, ukuthi ukubonakala ngaleso sikhathi kudala ukwethembana yini. Kunezinkomba ezithile zokuthi ekuqaleni lokhu kuvusa izinsolo. UToby Mendel, uMqondisi Ophethe weCentre for Law and Democracy uchaza lokhu ngale ndlela elandelayo: “Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwenza izinto obala kuya ngokuya kuveza ulwazi ngezikhalazo zomphakathi, okuqala kuvuse izinsolo kubantu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umthetho omuhle (wokubonisa izinto obala) awusho ukuthi isiko nemikhuba yezepolitiki esobala ”.

Abezombusazwe kade baphendula: Ubuciko bokungasho lutho buhlakulelwa phambili, izinqumo zepolitiki zenziwa ngaphandle kwezinhlangano zepolitiki (ezisobala).
Eqinisweni, sekukhishwa imisindo eminingi yokuxwayisa ngemiphumela emibi engafuneki ye-mandras esobala. Usosayensi wezepolitiki u-Ivan Krastev, i-Permanent Fellow esikhungweni i-Institute for the Science of Humanity (IMF) eVienna, ukhuluma nangokuthi "i-pachena mania" futhi uveza ukuthi "ukugeza abantu ngolwazi kuyindlela evivinyiwe futhi evamile yokubenza bangazi lutho". Ubuye abone nengozi yokuthi "ukufaka iningi lemininingwane kwinkulumompikiswano yomphakathi kuzowenza azibandakanye kakhulu futhi agudlise ukugxila ekubhekeni kwezakhamizi ekuziphatheni kwekhono labo endaweni eyodwa noma kwenye yenqubomgomo".

Ngokombono wokubukwa kukasolwazi wefilosofi u-Byung-Chul Han, ukucaca nokuthenjwa akunakubekezelelwa, ngoba "ukuthembela kungenzeka kuphela esimweni esiphakathi kolwazi nokungazi. Ukuzethemba kusho ukwakha ubuhlobo obuhle nomunye yize ungazani. [...] Lapho kuba sobala khona, akunandawo yokuthembela. Esikhundleni sokuthi 'ukuveza izinto obala kwakha ukwethenjwa', empeleni kufanele kusho ukuthi: 'Ukucacile kwenza ukwethenjwa' ".

Ukungathembani njengomnyombo wentando yeningi

KuVladimir Gligorov, isazi sefilosofi kanye nesazi sezomnotho eVienna Institute for International Economic Study (wiiw), ukubuswa ngentando yeningi kususelwa ekuthembeni: "Ama-Autocracies noma ama-aristocracies asuselwa ekuthembeni - ekungazinikeleni kwenkosi, noma isimilo esihle sababhishobhi. Kodwa-ke, isinqumo sasemlandweni sinjalo sokuthi le trust yasetshenziswa kabi. Ngaleyo ndlela-ke kwavela uhlelo lohulumeni besikhashana, abakhethiweyo, esilubiza ngentando yeningi. "

Mhlawumbe kulo mongo umuntu kufanele akhumbule umgomo oyisisekelo wentando yeningi yethu: lowo “wamasheke nezilinganiso”. Ukulawulwa ngokuhlanganyela kwezinhlaka zomthethosisekelo wombuso ngakolunye uhlangothi, nezakhamizi zivakashela uhulumeni wazo ngakolunye uhlangothi - ngokwesibonelo ngokuthi zingabavotela. Ngaphandle kwalesi simiso sentando yeningi, esesivele indlela yaso kusukela endulo kuya ekukhanyisweni kwemithethosisekelo yaseNtshonalanga, ukwahlukaniswa kwamandla ngeke kusebenze. Ukungathembani okuphilayo ngakho-ke akuyona into engaziwa entandweni yeningi, kepha kuyisibonakaliso sekhwalithi. Kepha umbuso wentando yeningi nawo ufuna ukuthuthukiswa ngokwengeziwe. Futhi ukungabi nethemba kumele kube nemiphumela.

Photo / Video: Ugogo.

Ibhalwe ngu Helmut Melzer

Njengentatheli yesikhathi eside, ngazibuza ukuthi yini engaba nengqondo ngokombono wezintatheli. Ungabona impendulo yami lapha: Inketho. Ukubonisa ezinye izindlela ngendlela enengqondo - ngentuthuko enhle emphakathini wethu.
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