Usopolitiki we-homo noma usopolitiki ofanele

UPlato noma uMachiavelli? Isintu besilokhu sikhungathekile mayelana nezimfanelo zomuntu wezepolitiki ofanele. KuPlato, ngokwesibonelo, ubuhlakani, obuqondwa njengobuhlakani nesizathu, ukufunda nokukhuthazela bezinye zezimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu zosopolitiki omuhle. Kwisazi sezombusazwe uFlorentine nesazi sefilosofi, uNccolo Machiavelli izinto zazibukeka zihlukile. Ngaphezu kobuhlakani, wagxila kakhulu ekungahlanganyelweni, ekuveleleni, pragmatism nasebuhleni bezimangalo zokuziphatha. Indoda ehlakaniphile isivele ikhombe ekuqaleni kwe-16. U-Century uveza ukuthi usopolitiki "akufanele abe nalezi zimfanelo, kodwa kumele anikeze umbono wokuthi abe nazo". Ngakho-ke uMachiavelli ululeke ozakwabo ukuthi "bazibeke kuqala futhi badonsele ukunaka ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze bazuze abantu abasohlangothini lwakhe".

Yize uMachiavelli kufanele alunge ngezindlela eziningi, ukuhlolwa kwakhe kuqinisile, okungenani ephuzwini elilodwa: ukuthi osopolitiki bazobavotela abavoti. Ngoba idumela losopolitiki likhona namuhla yize kunemishini enkulu ye-PR endaweni ephansi yomlando. Ngonyaka owedlule, ngokwesibonelo, isikhungo sokucwaninga ngemibono i-OGM sathola ukuthi amaphesenti ama-85 wabantu base-Austria ababange besazethemba kosopolitiki babo (ishadi ngakwesokudla).

Abezombusazwe Trust

I-Democratist 2015 (ishadi elingaphezulu) litshengisa ukuzethemba okusha kwezepolitiki: Amaphesenti ama-85 abaphendulile anokholo oluncane noma alukho nhlobo kubameli babantu. Ngokwenhlolovo yakamuva ye-Eurobarometer, amaphesenti ama-66 abantu base-Austrian bacabanga ukuthi inkohliso yande ezweni labo. Noma isilinganiso se-EU salokhu kuhlola singamaphesenti ama-76, umphumela nokho uyakhathaza.

Umhlanya nje

Ngisho nesayensi yanamuhla idonsela isithombe esiphikisayo kakhulu sobuntu bepolitiki abaphumelelayo. Isigejane sabahlengi bezengqondo nodokotela bezengqondo manje sebenikelwe ocwaningweni lwabaholi futhi sifakazela lezi zici kwesinye isikhathi zengqondo. Le nkinga ebizwa ngokuthi i-dissociative ubuntu ibonakala ngakolunye uhlangothi iqiniso lokuthi abantu abathintekayo banobuhle ngokwedlulele, abanobungqabavu, bayazethemba futhi bayaziqhenya. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abanakho ukuzwela, ukuzinza ngokomzwelo kanye nesibopho somphakathi. Kancane, baba ngamakhosi okukhohlisa. Kodwa-ke, iningi lalolu phenyo luvela esimweni sebhizinisi, njengoba kwesinye isikhathi kunzima kakhulu ukuxhumana nosopolitiki abaphumelelayo, ingasaphathwa eyokuhlola ubuntu kubo.

Isibonelo, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseCanada uRobert Hare sathola ukuthi kunezengqondo eziphindwe cishe kathathu nengxenye ezingeni eliphansi ezinkampanini zezinkampani ezinesilinganiso sabantu bonke. Uprofesa wezengqondo waseBoston uNassir Ghaemi naye uthole ukuxhumana okumangazayo phakathi kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo namakhono obuholi. Encwadini yakhe ethi “Erstklassiger Wahnsinn” (Ubuhlanya obusezingeni lokuqala) waze wabeka ithisisi ethi “Lapho kunokuthula futhi umkhumbi wombuso kufanele uhlale endleleni, abaholi abanengqondo bayafaneleka. Kepha lapho umhlaba wethu ususenkingeni, abaholi abagulayo ngokomoya bafanelekile ”.

Abafundi bakaPlato

Iphrofayili yobuntu ehluke ngokuphelele idonswa yisazi sezengqondo somphakathi u-Andreas Olbrich-Baumann wase-University of Vienna. Njengengxenye yomsebenzi wakhe wokucwaninga, wakhipha izimfanelo zakhe zomuntu ze-17 ezincwadini zefilosofi, ezepolitiki, ezengqondo nezenhlalo, zonke ezinomlando wokufakazelwa kwempumelelo yezepolitiki. Lokhu kwafakwa isisindo kamuva ngamalungu ePhalamende ase-Austrian futhi anikeza le phrofayela elandelayo: Ukwethembeka nokuzimela okuhle ngaleyo ndlela kwakuyizithako ezibaluleke kakhulu zempumelelo emsebenzini wezepolitiki owalandelwa, kwalandelwa yinkambiso, isifiso kanye nokuqala, ukubekezelela ukucindezelwa, isipiliyoni, ukucabanga okubucayi nethemba.

Usosayensi wezepolitiki wase-Austrian uJens Tenscher weza nephrofayili efanayo yobuntu. Ku-2012, wenza ucwaningo phakathi kwawo wonke amalungu ephalamende ase-Austrian, iningi lawo elibize ukwethembeka kwezepolitiki, isimilo sokuzibophezela nokwethembeka njengezimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu. "Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi isikhundla samalungu ase-Austrian eMkhandlwini Kazwelonke sihambisana nomqondo kaPlato ngosopolitiki," kusho u-Olbrich-Baumann. Kubukeka sengathi umbono wethu ngusopolitiki awukashintshi kangako kusukela eminyakeni engama-2363 edlule, ngenkathi kubhalwa iPolitea kaPlaton.

Umbuzo wamathuba

Naphezu kwalawa maprofayili wobuntu abhalwe phansi ngokuqakathekileko, uSolwazi Olbrich-Baumann uyavuma ngasikhathi sinye: "Ukuziphatha komuntu kuncike ngezinga elikhulu lesimo futhi kuphela ngezinga elincane lobuntu bakhe. Abanye abacwaningi bacabanga ukuthi isilinganiso se-75: amaphesenti we-25 ".

Usosayensi wezepolitiki uLars Vogel, obelokhu ehlaziya imisebenzi yezepolitiki e-University of Jena iminyaka, ubuye abuye adlale indima yezimpawu zomuntu empumelelweni yezepolitiki: “Imisebenzi yezepolitiki akuyona inkinga yamathuba”. Ngokusho kwakhe, osopolitiki baqashwa ngokuya ngezimpawu zabo, okusho ukuthi yimaphi amaqembu nokuthi yimaphi amakhono abawakhombisayo, ngoba "imisebenzi yezepolitiki eyahlukene inezidingo ezahlukahlukene". Ngokunjalo, ezikhundleni zokumela, ngokwesibonelo, amakhono ezenhlalo angaphambili, ezikhundleni zobungcweti, zona-ke amakhono ezobuchwepheshe. Ngokubona kwakhe, osopolitiki abaphumelelayo bafana ngeqiniso lokuthi imvamisa kufanele baphumelele isivivinyo eside emisebenzini ehlukahlukene yangaphakathi yeqembu ngaphambi kokuthi bavukele eceleni kweqembu. Icala lokuthi umuntu ubizelwe kwezepolitiki ngumuntu oyisishoshovu eVienna Woods, njengoba kubikwa ukuthi kwaba njalo ngomunye wabasunguli be-NEOS uMartin Strolz, kufanele-ke lingajwayelekile.

Kusukela ekuboneni kwabavoti

Ngendlela enobulungiswa, manje kungaphikiswa ukuthi womabili la maprofayili obuntu adalwa ekugcineni ngabezepolitiki ngokwabo futhi bamane babonisa ukuzazi kwabo. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ziqhathaniswe nenye iphrofayili yobuntu, ekhombisa ukubuka kwesibalo sabantu baseJalimane. Ngokusho kwale phrofayili, ukwethenjwa kosopolitiki kuyikhwalithi ebaluleke kunazo zonke, kulandelwa ubuchwepheshe, ukusondelana nabantu, ukushayela nokuzwelana. Ukuqhathanisa kusikisela ukuthi osopolitiki bakwedlula ngokweqile ukubaluleka kwamakhono abo wokuphamba kanye nabezindaba, kuyilapho abavoti empeleni befisa ukubuswa yizikhulu. Uzwela luye luvame ukwanda ngabaphathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma kunjalo, kubonakala sengathi kuvumelana ngezinto ezibalulekile.

Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi amazinga aphansi wokuthemba osopolitiki abanawo namuhla awabalulekanga kangako kubalingisi babo abathandekayo kwezinkinga eziningi (zezomnotho, i-euro, i-EU, ababaleki, iRussia). okumele babhekane nazo. Isibonelo, usosayensi wezepolitiki wase-Austrian, uMarcelo Jenny, ucabanga ukuthi "abavoti bayayizwa le ngcindezi yenselelo bese beyidlulisela kwizikhundla zezepolitiki". Noma kunjalo, umbuzo usale owadala lezi zinkinga. Okokugcina, qaphela abaholi abahehayo, abanekhono lokuzithemba nokuzethemba futhi bacabange kabili ngokubanika izwi lethu.

Izici ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuphumelela kwezepolitiki 

Isipiliyoni sezepolitiki
Ukuhlangenwe nakho kokusebenza okusebenzayo kwezepolitiki ngenxa yokusebenza isikhathi eside kwezombusazwe

ukwethembeka
Ukuze ube qotho, uqonde futhi ube lula ukusebenzelana nabanye abantu

ngeke ilimale
Amandla okubhekana nengcindezi ngokwakho; hhayi ukwethuka kalula; kuyaqabukela unikele

sokulindela okuhle
Ukunikeza abanye umbono, ukubheka ngethemba ngekusasa nokukhombisa ukuzethemba ezitatimendeni zakho

ukungagunci
Veza umbono wakho ngaphandle kokungabaza; ukuthatha isikhundla esiphakeme emphakathini; hlula abanye

Extraversion
Adventurous, socialable, kindial, futhi uyasebenza futhi uthokozile

Charisma
Amandla okufaka inhlonipho, adonse ukunakwa, futhi ashukumise abanye abantu ngokuba khona bodwa

Isidingo samandla
Ngokuqondene nenhloso ethile, bavame ukulawula futhi baxhumanise abanye

Isidingo sokuhlangana okuphansi
Qondiswa ukuthatha izinqumo ezingeni loludaba futhi ungenzi ngoba ungakhathaleli ubudlelwano bomuntu siqu

Okokuqala
Yazi futhi usebenzise amathuba; Setha izenzo; Njengezinselelo; abanye bayathanda ukuzicebisa ngemibono yabo

Amandla / Ukucindezeleka Tolerance
Amandla okuphila ngokomzimba nokuqina ngokomzwelo

ukuzethemba
Ukuzizwa sengathi ukubhekana nobunzima obukhona

Ukuqinisekiswa kokulawulwa kwangaphakathi
Ukuze ukwazi ukuthonya ikusasa ngokwalo; Ukuzibophezela ngomsebenzi wakho nokwenza

Isici sobuqotho
Ahlulelwe abanye abantu ukuthi athembeke futhi athembeke

intelligence
Funda ngokushesha bese ufinyelela iziphetho; Sungula amasu bese uxazulula izinkinga

ukugxekwa
Bheka izingqinamba ezinzima bese uzakhela isinqumo

self-ukuphathwa
Hlela imisebenzi yakho kahle futhi usebenze kahle

Umthombo: kusuka ku- "Izindlalifa zikaPlato: Amaphrofaylethi Ayadingeka Kwipolitiki Yase-Austrian", u-Andreas Olbrich-Baumann et al., University of Vienna

Photo / Video: Ugogo, Option.