Ukudla ngokuhlukile ngokulwa nenkinga yesimo sezulu | Ingxenye 3: Ukupakisha nokuThutha

“Uyilokho okudlayo,” kusho isisho. Imvamisa kuyiqiniso, kepha hhayi njalo. Okuqinisekile, nokho, ukuthi singaba nomthelela omkhulu enkingeni yesimo sezulu ngokuthenga kwethu ukudla nemikhuba yokudla. Ngemuva Teil 1 (Ukudla okulungele) futhi Teil 2 (Inyama, inhlanzi nezinambuzane) Ingxenye 3 yochungechunge lwami imayelana nokupakisha kanye nezindlela zokuhamba zokudla kwethu.

Noma ngabe inyama, i-organic, imifino noma i-vegan - ukufakwa kuyinkinga. IJalimane ikhiqiza imfucumfucu eminingi yokupakisha e-EU futhi isebenzisa iningi lamaplastiki aseNyunyana. Izwe lethu lishiye umhlaba amathani ayisigidi esingu-2019 ngonyaka wezi-18,9 Ukupakisha imfucuza ngakho-ke cishe ama-227 kilos ekhanda ngalinye. Ngo- imfucuza plastic muva nje bekungama-38,5 kg kumhlali ngamunye. 

Ipulasitiki enhle

IPlastiki, e-East Germany plastic, igama elihlangene lamapulasitiki enziwe nge-petroleum, ikakhulukazi i-polyethylene (PE), enobuthi futhi okunzima ukuphinda isebenze kabusha i-polyvinyl chloride (i-PVC), i-polystyrene (PS) noma i-polyethylene terephthalate (PET), okuvela kuyo isiphuzo esiningi kwenziwa amabhodlela. ICoca-Cola ikhiqiza amathani ayizigidi ezintathu emfucumfucu yokupakisha njalo ngonyaka ngamabhodlela ayo ahamba ngendlela eyodwa. Zakhiwe eduze komunye nomunye, amabhodlela epulasitiki angama-88 billion avela eBrause Group minyaka yonke enza uhambo oluya enyangeni futhi abuye izikhathi ezingama-31. Endaweni yesibili neyesithathu phakathi kwabakhiqizi abakhulu bakadoti wepulasitiki abavela embonini yokudla yiNestlé (amathani ayisigidi esingu-1,7) neDanone ngamathani ayi-750.000. 

Ngo-2015, iziqukathi eziyi-17 billion zesiphuzo esisodwa kanye namathini ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili alahlwa eJalimane. INestlé nabanye abakhiqizi nabo bathengisa amaphilisi amaningi ekhofi, andisa intaba yemfucuza. Kusukela ngo-2016 kuya ku-2018, ukuthengiswa kwamaphilisi asebenzisa into eyodwa kukhuphuke ngamaphesenti ayisishiyagalombili kuya kumathani angama-23.000, ngokusho kweDeutsche Umwelthilfe DUH. Kunamagremu amane okupakisha ngawo wonke ama-gramu ayi-6,5 ekhofi. Ngisho namaphilisi okuthiwa anga "biodegradable" angaxazululwa inkinga. Aziboli noma zibole kancane. Kungakho bahlunga izitshalo ezenza umquba. Zibe sezigcina zishiswa.

Ukwenza kabusha kabusha ngokuvamile kusho ukwehla kwebhayisikili

Yize ukulahlwa kukadoti eJalimane kumatasa kuqoqa izikhwama eziphuzi futhi kuthululwa imigqomo yemfucumfucu yokupakisha, kuncane okusetshenziswayo kabusha. Ngokusemthethweni, kungamaphesenti angama-45 awo wonke udoti wepulasitiki eJalimane. Ngokusho kukaDeutsche Umwelthilfe, ama-scanner asezinhlelweni zokuhlunga awawazi amabhodlela epulasitiki amnyama. Lokhu kugcina sekushiswe imfucuza. Uma-ke ubala lokho okungafinyeleli kubasebenzisi bokusebenzisa kabusha imfucuza, izinga lokuphinda lisetshenziswe lingamaphesenti ayi-16. Ipulasitiki entsha isashibhile futhi amapulasitiki amaningi ahlanganisiwe angavuselelwa kuphela ngomzamo omkhulu - uma kunjalo. Imvamisa kuphela imikhiqizo elula efana namabhentshi asepaki, amathini kadoti noma ama-granules enziwa ngepulasitiki osetshenziswe kabusha. Ukuphinda kusetshenziswe kabusha lapha kuvame ukusho ukwehla kwebhayisikili.

Kuphela i-10% yemfucuza yepulasitiki evuselelwa kabusha

Ngokwesilinganiso emhlabeni jikelele, cishe amaphesenti ayishumi kuphela epulasitiki asetshenzisiwe aba yinto entsha. Yonke enye into iya ekuchitheni ngomlilo, izindawo zokulahla imfucuza, izindawo ezisemaphandleni noma ulwandle. IJalimane ithumela ngaphandle amathani ayisigidi kadoti wepulasitiki minyaka yonke. Manje njengoba iChina ingasathengi imfucuza yethu, isiyaphela eVietnam naseMalaysia, isibonelo. Ngenxa yokuthi amandla akhona awanele ukuphinda asetshenziswe kabusha noma okungenani ukushiswa okuhlelekile, imfucuza ivame ukuphela ekugcwalisweni komhlaba. Umoya bese uphephetha izinsalela zepulasitiki emfuleni olandelayo bese uziyisa olwandle. Abaphenyi manje bathola uplastiki ophindwe kasithupha ukwedlula iplankton ezindaweni eziningi zasolwandle. Manje sebekhombisile umkhondo wokusetshenziswa kwethu kwepulasitiki ezintabeni eziphakeme, eqhweni elincibilikayo lase-arctic, olwandle olujulile nakwezinye izindawo ezibonakala zikude emhlabeni. Izinhlayiya zepulasitiki eziyizigidi ezingama-5,25 zibhukuda olwandle. Lokho kwenza izingcezu ezingama-770 zawo wonke umuntu emhlabeni. 

"Sidla ikhadi lesikweletu masonto onke"

Izinhlanzi, izinyoni nezinye izilwane zigwinya lezi zinto futhi zibulawe yindlala esiswini esigcwele. Ngo-2013, kwathathwa amakhilogremu ayi-17 epulasitiki esiswini somkhomo ofile - kubalwa noseyili wepulasitiki ongamamitha-skwele angama-30 umoya wase-Andalusia owawushayele olwandle uvela emasimini emifino. I-Microplastics ikakhulukazi iphelela emizimbeni yethu ngochungechunge lokudla. Ososayensi manje sebethole umkhondo wezinhlayiya ezincane zepulasitiki ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene endle yabantu nasemchameni. Izifundo zokuhlola bezikade zidle noma ziphuze ukudla okusongwe ngoplastiki. "Sidla ikhadi lesikweletu masonto onke," inhlangano yokulondolozwa kwemvelo iWWF igcizelele omunye wemibiko yabo ngokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki kokudla kwethu. 

Ukupakisha ifilimu namabhodlela epulasitiki aqukethe ama-plasticizers afana ne-phthalates kanye ne-bisphenol A, okungenzeka ukuthi ikhuthaza ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza, iphazamisa ibhalansi ye-hormonal emzimbeni futhi inyuse ubungozi bezinye izifo eziningi. Ezicutshini zeziguli ze-Alzheimer ezingasekho, abacwaningi bathole i-bisphenol A ephindwe kasikhombisa kunezicubu zabanye abantu abafile ababengahlushwa yisifo i-Alzheimer's. 

Thola ukudla emabhokisini akho

Noma ngubani oletha ukudla ekhaya evela endaweni yokudlela angaletha amabhokisi akhe abuyisekayo. I-German Food Association inenye yokugcwalisa amabhokisi oze nawo Imihlahlandlela yenhlanzeko kukhishwe. Emadolobheni amakhulu manje kunezinhlelo zokufaka amabhokisi okudla, isibonelo kusuka Phindaphinda noma Ukubuyiselwa kabusha. Futhi ungagcwalisa izimpahla ezitsheni nasemathinini oze nawo ezikhawuntini zokudla ezintsha ezitolo ezinkulu. Uma umthengisi enqaba: Imithetho yenhlanzeko ibeka kuphela ukuthi amabhokisi akumele adluliswe ngemuva kwekhawunta.

Umuthi wokuxubha engilazini kanye nezinti ezinamakha

Umuthi wamazinyo, isiphuzo, amagwebu okushefa, ama-shampoo kanye nejeli yokugeza kusuka kumabhodlela epulasitiki alahlwayo noma amashubhu nakho kungashintshwa kalula. Atholakala ngengilazi ezitolo eziningi eziphilayo nezingafakiwe amaphakethe - anephunga elikhanyayo njengokhilimu, izinwele nensipho yomzimba ngaphandle kokufaka into eyodwa nocezu lokushefa ezitsheni zensimbi ezingasetshenziswa kabusha. Njengoba lezi ezinye izindlela zonga kakhulu, zibonakala zibiza kakhulu kunomncintiswano osethala lesitolo esikhulu. Isibonelo, imbiza yomuthi wokuxubha ama-euro ayisikhombisa noma ayisishiyagalolunye yanele umuntu oyedwa ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezinhlanu.

Kukhishwe kuphela kubonakala kubiza kakhulu

Izitolo ezingenamaphaketheabathengisa imikhiqizo enjalo kanye nokudla ngaphandle kokupakisha, lolu lwazi kufanele lulethe amakhasimende amaningi amasha. Izinto ezingafakiwe zingatholakala nasezitolo ezinkulu, ngokwesibonelo emnyangweni wezithelo nemifino. Iziphuzo namayogathi ziyatholakala emabhodleleni engilazi afakwa. Zikhombisa ukulinganisela okungcono kwemvelo uma zivela esifundeni esifanele. Akekho umuntu osenyakatho neJalimane ozodinga ukuthenga iyogathi noma ubhiya eningizimu uma izimpahla ezifanayo ezivela endaweni yakhe ziseshalofu eliseduze kwabo. Okufanayo kuya emikhiqizweni yaseNyakatho Jalimane eningizimu, ibhotela lase-Ireland noma amanzi amaminerali avela eziqhingini zaseFiji. 

Amanzi avela empompini esikhundleni samanzi amaminerali avela ebhodleleni lepulasitiki

Amanzi ompompi angenampahla asuka empompini ashibhile kakhulu futhi, ngenxa yezilawuli eziningi eJalimane, okungenani zifana namanzi entwasahlobo angenisiwe noma asekhaya afakwa phansi kuphela. Uma uthanda i-carbon dioxide emanzini, thatha i-bubbler enamakhadibhodi agcwalisekayo. 

Isidingo sokudla esivela endaweni siyanda kulo lonke elaseJalimane. Igama elithi "lesifunda" alivikelwe. Ngakho-ke imingcele iyamanzi. Akekho ongasho ukuthi lesi sifunda siphela ngemuva kwamakhilomitha angama-50, 100, 150 noma ngaphezulu. Uma ufuna ukwazi, buza umthengisi noma ubheke lapho zivela khona izimpahla. Izimakethe eziningi manje zikhombisa lokhu ngokuzithandela. 

Kodwa-ke, esikuthengayo kunquma kakhulu isimo sezulu nesimo sezemvelo kunomsuka wokudla kwethu. Ucwaningo olwenziwa ngonyaka ka-2008 yiCarnegie Mellon University e-United States lwaqhathanisa imikhondo yesimo sezulu sokudla okwehlukene. Isiphetho: ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza zokukhiqiza inyama kuphakeme kakhulu kunalokho kokutshalwa okusanhlamvu nemifino ukuthi izindleko zokuhamba azibalulekanga kangako. Ngezithelo nemifino yesifunda, abacwaningi banquma ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 kwama-530 amagremu / ikhilo lezimpahla. Inyama evela esifundeni esithile inamagremu ayi-6.900 2 we-CO870 / kg. Izithelo ezingeniswe phesheya kwezilwandle ngomkhumbi zidala ama-gram angu-2 we-CO11.300 ukukhishwa ngekhilo, kanti izithelo nemifino kugeleza ngo-2 amagremu we-CO17,67. Umkhondo wekhabhoni wenyama engeniswe phesheya kwezindiza ngendiza uyinhlekelele: Ikhilogremu ngalinye lesisindo salo lingcolisa umkhathi nge-2 kg ye-COXNUMX. Isiphetho: Ukudla kwezitshalo kungcono kakhulu - empilweni yakho, imvelo nesimo sezulu. Imikhiqizo evela ekulimeni ngokwemvelo yenza kangcono kakhulu lapha kunezimpahla ezivamile.

Ingxenye yokugcina yochungechunge bese ibhekana nodoti wokudla futhi ikunikeze amathiphu wokuthi ungakugwema kanjani kalula. Maduze lapha.