Uhlalutyo lwezoyikiso zenyukliya e-Ukraine - isisombululo kuphela kukuphela kwemfazwe ngokukhawuleza | Greenpeace int.

I-AMSTERDAM-Ukuhlasela kuka-Vladimir Putin emkhosini e-Ukraine kubeka isoyikiso senyukliya esingazange sibonwe ngaphambili njengoko i-15 yelizwe i-reactors ye-nyukliya yezorhwebo, kuquka neyona ndawo inkulu yamandla enyukliya yaseYurophu, ijongene nomonakalo onokuthi wenze umonakalo omkhulu welizwekazi laseYurophu, kuquka iRashiya, ukungahlali kuyo kunokubonisa amashumi eminyaka, entsha. uhlalutya.[1]

Kwiplanti yaseZaporizhzhia, evelise i-2020% yombane waseUkraine ngo-19 kwaye iphakathi kweekhilomitha zamajoni aseRashiya kunye nezixhobo zomkhosi, [2] kukho izixhobo ezithandathu ze-reactors ezinkulu kunye namachibi okupholisa amathandathu aqulethe amakhulu eetoni zamafutha enyukliya ane-radioactive. Ii-reactors ezintathu ziyasebenza ngoku kwaye ezintathu zivaliwe ukusukela ekuqaleni kwemfazwe.

Uphando oluqokelelwe ziingcali zeGreenpeace International lufikelela kwisigqibo sokuba ukhuseleko lwaseZaporizhia lusengozini enkulu yimfazwe. Kweyona meko imbi kakhulu, apho ugqabhuko-dubulo lutshabalalisa isiqulatho se-reactor kunye neenkqubo zokupholisa, ukukhululwa okunokubakho kwe-radioactivity ukusuka kuzo zombini i-reactor core kunye ne-fuel pool echithiweyo emoyeni kunokubangela intlekele embi kakhulu kune-Fukushima Daiichi intlekele ngo-2011. Imihlaba engamakhulu eekhilomitha ukusuka kwindawo yereactor enokuthi ingahoywa amashumi eminyaka. Nangaphandle komonakalo othe ngqo kwiziko, ii-reactors zithembele kakhulu kuthungelwano lwamandla ukuze ziqhube iinkqubo zokupholisa, ubukho beenjineli zenyukliya nabasebenzi, kunye nokufikelela kwizixhobo ezinzima kunye nolungiselelo.

UJan Vande Putte, umbhali-mbhali wohlalutyo lomngcipheko, [3] uthe:

“Ukongeza kwiziganeko ezoyikisayo zeveki ephelileyo sisisongelo esikhethekileyo senyukliya. Okokuqala ezimbalini, kuliwa imfazwe enkulu kwilizwe elinezixhobo zenyukliya ezininzi kunye namawaka eetoni zamafutha enyukliya asetyenzisiweyo. Imfazwe emazantsi eUkraine phezu kweZaporizhia kwandisa umngcipheko wengozi enkulu kubo bonke. Logama nje le mfazwe isaqhubeka, isoyikiso lomkhosi kwiziko lamandla enyukliya laseUkraine liya kuhlala lihleli. Esi sesinye sezizathu ezininzi zokuba uPutin aphelise imfazwe yakhe neUkraine kwangoko. ”

Oko yaqala imfazwe eUkraine, iGreenpeace International ibibeke iliso elibukhali kwimpembelelo yezixhobo zenyukliya kwilizwe liphela. IGreenpeace International namhlanje ipapashe uhlalutyo lobugcisa lweminye yemingcipheko ephambili kwiziko lamandla enyukliya laseZaporizhzhia kumazantsi eUkraine.

Kwimeko yokuqhuma kwebhombu ngengozi, kwaye nangakumbi kwimeko yohlaselo olucwangcisiweyo, iziphumo zinokuba yintlekele, ngaphaya kwempembelelo ye-2011 yentlekele yenyukliya yaseFukushima. Ngenxa yokuba sesichengeni kwezixhobo zamandla enyukliya, ukuthembela kwazo kwisethi enzima yeenkqubo zenkxaso, kunye nexesha elide elithathayo ukuphucula iziko lamandla ukuya kwinqanaba elingaphaya lokhuseleko, ekuphela kwendlela yokunciphisa kakhulu imingcipheko kukuphelisa ukhuseleko. imfazwe.

IGreenpeace ithanda ukuvakalisa intlonipho nombulelo ongazenzisiyo kubo bonke abasebenzi kwiziza zamandla enyukliya eUkraine, kuquka iChernobyl, abasebenza phantsi kweemeko ezimandundu ukugcina uzinzo lwemizi-mveliso yamandla enyukliya.[4] Abakhuseli kuphela ukhuseleko lwelizwe labo, kodwa inxalenye enkulu yeYurophu.

Ibhodi yabaPhathi be-Arhente yaMandla eAtomic yaMazwe ngaMazwe (IAEA) ibambe intlanganiso engxamisekileyo ngoLwesithathu, umhla wesi-2 kuMatshi, ukuxoxa ngengxaki yenyukliya yaseUkraine.[5]

Ngokuphawula:

[1]. "Ukuba sesichengeni kweZityalo zaMandla eNyukliya Ngexesha leNgxwabangxwaba yaseMkhosini Izifundo ezivela kwiFukushima Daiichi kuGxila kwiZaporizhzhia, eUkraine", uJan Vande Putte (Umcebisi weMisebe kunye noMtshayeli weNyukliya, iGreenpeace eMpuma Asia kunye neGreenpeace eBelgium) kunye noShaun Burnie (iNgcali ePhezulu yeNyukliya yase-Asia yase-Asia, ) https://www.greenpeace.org/international/nuclear-power-plant-vulnerability-during-military-conflict-ukraine-technical-briefing/ – Iziphumo eziphambili ezidweliswe ngezantsi.

[I-2] Iingxelo zasekhaya nge-2 kaMatshi zibonise ukuba amawaka abantu base-Enerhodar, isixeko esibanjelwe kwi-reactors yaseZaporizhia, bazama ukuvala ukuqhubela phambili kwemikhosi yaseRashiya kwindawo yamandla enyukliya.
Ividiyo esuka kusodolophu wesixeko: https://twitter.com/ignis_fatum/status/1498939204948144128?s=21
[3] UJan Vande Putte ngumcebisi wokhuselo lwemitha kunye nomkhankaseli wenyukliya weGreenpeace East Asia kunye neGreenpeace Belgium.

[4] IChernobyl lupelo lwaseUkraine lwaseChernobyl

[5] I-IAEA yaziswa ngurhulumente waseRussia ngoMatshi 1, 2022 ukuba imikhosi yomkhosi yaseRussia ithathe ulawulo kwindawo ejikeleze isikhululo samandla enyukliya saseZaporizhia - https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/pressreleases/update-6-iaea-director-general-statement-on-situation-in-ukraine

Iziphumo eziphambili zohlalutyo lweGreenpeace zezi:

• Njengazo zonke ii-reactors ezine-fuel eshushu, ene-radioactive kakhulu, iziko lamandla le-Zaporizhzhia lifuna umbane othe rhoqo wokupholisa, naxa ucinyiwe. Ukuba igridi yamandla iyasilela kwaye i-reactor iyasilela kwisikhululo, kukho i-backup generator diesel kunye neebhetri, kodwa ukuthembeka kwabo akunakuqinisekiswa ngexesha elide. Kukho imiba engekasonjululwa ngogcino lweejenereyitha zedizili zeZaporizhzhia, ezinomthamo oqikelelwayo wokugcinwa kwamafutha kwiintsuku nje ezisixhenxe kwisiza.
• Idatha esemthethweni evela kwi-2017 ibike ukuba kukho iitoni ze-2.204 zezinga eliphezulu elichithwe ngamafutha e-Zaporizhia - iitoni ezingama-855 ezazikumngcipheko ophezulu wokuchithwa kwamanzi. Ngaphandle kokupholisa okusebenzayo, babeka emngciphekweni wokutshisa kunye nokufunxa ukuya kwindawo apho i-fuel metal cladding inokukhanyisa kwaye ikhulule uninzi lwe-inventory ye-radioactive.
• I-Zaporizhzhia, njengazo zonke izixhobo zamandla enyukliya ezisebenzayo, ifuna inkqubo yenkxaso enzima, kuquka ubukho obuqhubekayo babasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo, umbane, ukufikelela kumanzi okupholisa, iinxalenye kunye nezixhobo. Iinkqubo ezinjalo zenkxaso zisengozini kakhulu ngexesha lemfazwe.
• Izakhiwo zesixhobo senyukliya zaseZaporizhia zinesikhongozeli sekhonkrithi esikhusela undoqo wereactor, inkqubo yawo yokupholisa kunye nephuli yamafutha asetyenzisiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, isiqulatho esinjalo asikwazi ukumelana neempembelelo zezixhobo ezinzima. Isityalo sinokubethwa ngengozi. Kubonakala ngathi akunakwenzeka ukuba eli ziko liya kuhlaselwa ngabom, njengoko ukukhutshwa kwenyukliya kunokungcolisa kakhulu amazwe angabamelwane, kubandakanya iRussia. Nangona kunjalo, oku akunakukhutshelwa ngaphandle ngokupheleleyo.
• Kweyona meko imbi kakhulu, isiqulatho se-reactor siya kutshatyalaliswa lugqabhuko-dubulo kwaye nenkqubo yokupholisa iya kusilela, i-radioactivity evela kuzo zombini i-reactor kunye ne-pool yogcino inokubaleka ingathintelwa emoyeni. Oku kubeka emngciphekweni ukunikezela lonke uncedo olungafikelelekiyo ngenxa yamanqanaba aphezulu okusasazeka kwemitha, okunokuthi emva koko kukhokhelele ekuphumeni okungaphezulu kwezinye iiactors kunye namachibi amafutha, ngalinye lisasaza izixa ezikhulu zeradioactivity kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zomoya kwiiveki ezininzi. Inokunika uninzi lweYurophu, kubandakanya neRussia, ukuba ingahlali amashumi eminyaka ubuncinci nangaphezulu kwamakhulu eekhilomitha kude, imeko ebuhlungu kwaye inokuba mbi kakhulu kunentlekele ka-2011 yeFukushima Daiichi.
• Kuthatha ixesha elide ukuzisa umzi-mveliso wamandla osebenzayo kwindawo yokhuseleko engenzi nto ifuna ungenelelo olongezelelekileyo lomntu. Xa i-reactor ivaliwe, ubushushu obushiyekileyo obusuka kwi-radioactivity buhla ngokukhawuleza, kodwa buhlala bushushu kakhulu kwaye kufuneka bupholiswe isithuba seminyaka emi-5 phambi kokuba bufakwe kwiibhokisi zokugcina ezomileyo zekhonkrithi, ezikhupha ubushushu bazo ngokujikeleziswa kwendalo. umoya ngaphandle kwesitya. Ukuvala i-reactor kunokunciphisa kancinci ingozi ekuhambeni kwexesha, kodwa ayisombululi ingxaki.