Helmut Melzer
"Iintlalontle zanamhlanje zinokubakho kuphela ukuba kukho ulungelelwano olusempilweni phakathi kobumbano kunye nokuthanda umntu ngamnye."
Ingcali yezeNtlalontle uGrigori Judin
Hayi, kwakungekho sikhalazo kwiriphabliki yeAlpine xa uChancellor Chancellor Sebastian Kurz wathetha kwintetho yakhe kwihlabathi KwiQumrhu loQoqosho loLuntu Ekuqaleni kuka-2020, phakathi kwemigca yabonisa utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwinkqubo. Ukukhupha, ukukhutshwa kwamaphephandaba amafutshane ngaphandle kwenkcazo ethe kratya, iinkcazo ezimbalwa ezivela kwii-NGO-injalo. Ukusukela ekuqaleni konyaka, ukubhengezwa kukaKurz ngemfazwe ngokudibana kwezinto zonke kusebenze, athe, ngokutsho kwakhe, kuzisa into enye kuphela: "... oko kukuthi ukubandezeleka, indlala kunye nosizi olungakholelekiyo." Inkqubo yexabiso yaseYurophu. Kuba ngokufutshane uthetha "ngokudibeneyo", iyenza ivakale ngathi "bubukomanisi", kodwa endaweni yoko banqwenela i- "neoliberalism" (Bona malunga nemozulu apha).
"Ndicinga ukuba sonke kufuneka silumke ukuba isihloko sokhuselo lwemozulu singasetyenziswa gwenxa ukukhusela abantu abadala iingcinga ezihlangeneyo ukubhengeza osoloko engaphumeleli-nokuba kuphi emhlabeni - kwaye kuzisa into enye kuphela: ukubandezeleka, indlala kunye nosizi olungenakukholwa.
I-Chancellor Sebastion Kurz kwiForum yeHlabathi yezoqoqosho 2020
Nendlela: Iya kuhlala ibonwa ukuba ngaba amanyathelo okhuseleko lwemozulu aya kulandela na. Uzokuthi ga...
Ngasemva kwemigaqo
Kodwa yintoni unobangela wemigaqo yokuqokelelwa ndawonye kunye nelungelo lokulwa ubungqangi? Oku kubhekisa kwiinkqubo zexabiso, kwelinye icala, ezinika kuqala ukudityaniswa - oko kukuthi, iqela lezopolitiko, okanye ngamagama athi: sonke-okanye esijolise kumntu ngamnye nakwimidla yakhe. Inye kuphela into phakathi: Inento yokwenza nobukomanisi. Kuninzi okuthethwa: Ngaba uluntu luzichaza njani?
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Nokuba ukubumbana kunye nobuqu kuqondwe ngokungachanekanga njengezichasene, okunene zibonisa imilinganiselo ezimbini ezizimeleyo kubukho bokubumbana .. Nokuba uluntu lujolise ngqo kwimdla oluqhelekileyo, oku akuthethi kuthi kuthintelo kwinkululeko yomntu ngamnye. Kodwa: ukudityaniswa kwabantu kunye nokuthanda into enye kunokuba nentsingiselo eyahlukileyo ngokuxhomekeka kumbono, umzekelo kwinqanaba lezoqoqosho, lezopolitiko okanye lentlalontle.
nokuchazwa
ngezantsi indibaniselwano Iqondwa njengenkqubo yeenqobo kunye neenqobo zokuziphatha apho intlanganisela yemanyathelo ithatha eyona nto iphambili. Umdla womntu ngamnye uphantsi kweqela leqela lentlalontle elilungelelaniswe ngokudibeneyo.
der komuntu yinkqubo yeengcinga kunye neenqobo zokuziphatha apho umntu egxile kuye.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ubuqu kunye nokudityaniswa kuthelekiso lwenkcubeko azihambelani nezibonda zobukhulu obufanayo, kodwa ziimilinganiselo ezimbini ezizimeleyo ngokupheleleyo; enyanisweni, umntu ngamnye kunye nokudityaniswa konxibelelaniso kufakelwa into ngqo kuthelekiso lwenkcubeko. * Njengokomntu ozimeleyo, ukubumbana asiyonto ingaqhelekanga, oko kukuthi, ngenxa yokuba kukho amaxabiso okudityaniswa kuluntu akuthethi ukuba amaxabiso umntu awekho kuwo.
Imithombo: D. Oyserman, HM Coon, M. Kemmelmeier: Ukucamngca ubuqu kunye nobumbano
Inqanaba lezopolitiko
IOstriya yiriphabhliki yedemokhrasi. Ilungelo lakho livela ebantwini, ”yatsho iNqaku loku-1 kumgaqo-siseko wase-Austrian. Ukhetho lwenziwa ebusweni bezimvo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Kungumsebenzi weenkqubo zedemokhrasi ukuzilungiselela ngendlela apho iimfuno zomntu ngamnye zinokulingana kwaye izigqibo zisekelezelwe kuthando, ngokoluvo olukhoyo.
Umdla wentlalo
Nokuba umntu uyijonga njani inkululeko, impumelelo yakhe isekwe ikakhulu kwimpumelelo yakhe ekuthandeni into edibeneyo, abantu bebonke. Impumelelo ezinokubakho kuphela i ubuhlanga inikwe amandla: amalungelo abantu, inkululeko yokuthetha, ubumbano, izibonelelo zentlalo kunye nabanye abaninzi. Impumelelo ye-Collectivist, olutshintsho lwangoku lwexabiso kumngqangi okanye i-neoliberalism falter.
Iindidi zeemodeli ezizimeleyo
Thatha umzekelo wase-USA: Iphupha laseMelika lahlala liyinto yomntu ngamnye - kunye nenkululeko yomntu ngamnye. Kwaye ubonakalisile ukuba ukulingana kungaphinda kube ngumbuzo wezemali, ukuba ukhathalelo lwabagulayo ayisiyonto imiselweyo, ukuba isibonelelo sobudala asisebenzi kuye wonke umntu.
I-Russia ngokubonakalayo ngumzekelo obalaseleyo wotshintsho kwinkqubo yexabiso kunye neziphumo zalo - kwezopolitiko nakwezoluntu. "I-Russia lelinye lawona mazwe makhulu awakhe abona mntu," ucacisa watsho uGrigori Judin ososayensi wezentlalo. Nangona izinto ezimbini zinxulunyaniswa nabantu baseSoviet, ukubumbana kunye nentiyo yomntu ngamnye. UJudin: "Singenise ingxelo yenkqubo yenkululeko yedemokhrasi: inkululeko yenkululeko. Oko kusibeka kwimeko engaqhelekanga. Kuba zonke izifundo zibonisa ukuba akukho sizathu sokucinga ngeSoviet okanye abantu banamhlanje baseRussia. Ngokubanzi, ubume be-juxtaposition of itselfism and collectivism yinto ethandabuzekayo ukusuka kwinqanaba lokujonga isayensi yezentlalo: ootata abasisiseko babechaphazeleka kakhulu kukudalwa. "
Ibhalansi
Ukusuka kwimbono yentlalo, ayisiyonto yokwahlula umntu yedwa kunye nokudityaniswa kwezinto ndawonye. UJudin: "Uluntu lwale mihla lunokubakho kuphela ukuba kukho ulungelelwano phakathi kwezi zimbini. Ingxaki yethu kukuba kukho umntu othile oxhaphakileyo eRussia, okondliwa luloyiko kwaye ke kujike kukhuphiswano olunobuqhophololo, ukungathembani ngokupheleleyo kunye nobutshaba. […] Ukuba ufuna ukuzenza isidenge, konke ekufuneka uyenzile kukusebenzisa igama "elilungileyo".
Kodwa loo nto ayonwabi wonke umntu, icacisa le ngcali yezentlalo: “Ukuba nithi kukho ukusilela kokudibana kwabantu eRussia, oko kuthetha ukuba isidingo sayo sisoloko sikhona. Kukho inani leempawu zokuba abantu bebonke banobunzima bokujamelana nale ntswelo. [...] Umntu udalwe ngendlela yokuba afune iinjongo ezidibeneyo, isazisi.
Ukhuseleko ngokudibeneyo
Kodwa kukwakho nezinye izimvo: Isibakala sokuba imekozulu yokubanda yontlalontle, ukungakhathaleli kunye nokuzingca sisiphumo sobuqu obungenakuthintelwa, ukungabikho kokudibana, i-ego endaweni yokuba sisole, isithandi sobulumko saseJamani u-Alexander Grau unika ingxelo njengengalunganga. IJamani ingena kwi-intuthuzelo ehlanganisiweyo: "Uluntu lwethu alusokobuhlanga noluzijongela yedwa, inkululeko kunye nenkululeko. Okuchaseneyo yimeko. Othuke kakhulu kwaye esoyika kakhulu yimiphumo yendlela yokuzimela, yokuphila ngokukhululekileyo, umntu wale mihla unqwenela ukhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko. Iqala kwinqanaba lokucwangciswa kobomi babucala. […] Ixabiso lomntu, indlela yokuphila yendlela yabantu abazimeleyo? Eyona nto ibhetele kumphezulu. […] Endaweni yoko, ukukhangela ngokusisigxina kwentsingiselo kulawula iintsingiselo, oku kungenanto yakwenza nenkululeko nokuzimela, kodwa banqwenela ukuzibophelela kukhuseleko oluhlanganyelweyo.
Inkululeko yezoqoqosho engenamda?
Zininzi izimvo? Unotshe. Abo bathetha ngokudibana kwabantu kunye nokuthanda umntu ngezi ntsuku zonke zihlala zithetha umba ovuthayo we-neoliberalism okanye uqoqosho lwe-liberalism. Kwaye nokuba igama eli linokuqondwa njengengcinga yezopolitiko okanye umbono, into enye ibhekiswa ngaphezu kwayo yonke: inkululeko ebanzi yoqoqosho, ethintelwe kulawulo olukhulu kakhulu lukarhulumente. Ngokufanelekileyo ngaphandle komanyano kunye namaqabane ezentlalo. Ke i-individualism kunye nenkululeko yenkulu. Inkululeko ibisoloko iqhubeka ixesha elide I-Austria, umzekelo, yathatha le ndlela kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka eyadlulayo. Umzekelo, iinxalenye zonyango okanye iinkonzo zentlalo kudala “zabucala”, oko kukuthi, “imibutho” exhomekeke kwinkxaso-mali okanye kwiinkampani “ezithunyelwayo” esele zisekiwe. Indlela, ubukhulu becala phantsi kolwaluko lwepolitiki kunye nemiyalelo.
Isebenza ngubani ipolitiki? Abantu?
Ngaba ayiqondakali? Apho abanye besithi urhulumente akasayifezi imisebenzi yakhe esisiseko eluntwini (okanye abantu), abanye bakholelwa ukuba lo myalelo awuzange ubekhona kwaye awukabikho. Urhulumente weRiphabliki usebenza kuphela kwaye eyedwa. Akukho njongo yombuso "yokuphila kubo bonke" ebekwe kumgaqo-siseko. (Apha, ngendlela, kumxholo weenjongo zikarhulumente.) Isifungo se-Austrian Chancellor sifunda oku: "Ndenza isifungo sokuba ndiza kuwugcina ngokukuko umgaqo-siseko kunye nayo yonke imithetho yeRiphabliki kwaye ndiya kwenza uxanduva lwam ngokolwazi lwam kunye nenkolelo yam. Akukho lizwi lokuba chancellor ikhona ukuze kulunge kubo bonke.
I-Chancellor Kurz ayenzi mfihlo yeenjongo zakhe ezizodwa. Uqoqosho lubonakala lubalulekile kuye, olusemthethweni ngokomthetho okhoyo ngoku: "Sifuna amabhongo okukhusela ubume bendalo kunye nokukhuselwa kwemozulu ngexesha elinye ukukhula okuluqilima kwezoqoqosho kunye nempumelelo yoqoqosho kwaye ndinethemba elipheleleyo lokuba singaphumelela ukuba thina njengeManyano yaseYurophu sithembele kumandla ethu, oko kukuthi, kuluntu lwethu oluvulekileyo, kuluntu lwethu olukhululekileyo kwaye ngaphezu kwako konke kuqoqosho lwethu olukhululekileyo nolomeleleyo eYurophu. "
INFO: Ngubani oza kuxhamla kwezopolitiko?
Inye into eqinisekileyo: "intlalo-ntle yabantu" ayisekelwanga kumgaqo-siseko. Kuphela igama elithi "republic" elungiselelwe ukuchaza into eqhelekileyo, linokufundwa kwiwebhusayithi ezisemthethweni www.oesterreich.gv.at kunye www.parlament.gv.at. Urhulumente unoxanduva lokutolika. Okweli xesha ukusukela kule nkulungwane yama-20, uWolfgang Mager okanye uJosef Isensee baqaphela ukucaciswa kweentsingiselo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwegama ngokuguquguqukayo. Igama elithi idemokhrasi limisele laza lathatha indawo yerephabhlikhi, echaza umohluko ngokuthi "urhulumente unyulwe ngabantu" (idemokhrasi) kunye "nezopolitiko ezenzela okuhle" (republic), njengoko uHans Buchheim etshilo " iyaqhubeka Wikipedia.
Photo / Ividiyo: Shutterstock.
Intsholongwane ebulalayo iyajikeleza. Andithethi ngentsholongwane ka corona ngaloo nto. Endaweni yoko, ndithetha nge-neoliberal impiriyalizim njengenqanaba elilandelayo lobungxowankulu, ekuthi-kubonakala ngathi ikwazile ukwamkelwa nguKhansela wethu. I-tenor: umdla woqoqosho ngaphezulu kweqela elihlangeneyo. Yahlula iYurophu kulo lonke uluntu. Ukukhuselwa kwemozulu kuphela ukuba akubizi nantoni na.
NgokukaKurz kwiQonga lezoQoqosho leHlabathi, izimvo ezihlangeneyo bezinokuza nento enye kuphela: “ukubandezeleka, indlala kunye nosizi olungakholelekiyo.” “Funda imbali” ngekhe yaphendula uChancellor wangaphambili uBruno Kreisky. Kungenxa yokuba ibingezizo izinto ezihlanganisiweyo ezinje ngamalungelo oluntu, inkululeko yokuthetha, amalungelo abasebenzi, izivumelwano ezihlangeneyo, ipenshini nokunye okunokubangela ukubandezeleka, kodwa ukuxhaphaza iplanethi kunye nabantu - kumawaka eminyaka - ukunceda ubutyebi babambalwa. Ngenxa yoko, iintloni zabanye zifikelele kwinqanaba elitsha kum.
Ithemba lam liphela apha. Kuba ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo wokuzingca kunye nokubawa uyema, ukuqhubela phambili okuncinci kwehlabathi okwenziweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kusengozini. Ngokujonga ubunkokheli obungenayo benkcitho, ndiyazisola ngamathuba aphulukene nawo okuqhubela phambili idemokhrasi. Masingabikho phantsi kwako nakuphi na ukukhohlisa: inxaxheba yethu kuphela lilungelo lokukhetha iqela. Nokuba ujongene nengxaki yemozulu ebonakalayo kunye neenjongo ezimbini zomgaqo-siseko “wokhuselo ngokugqibeleleyo kokusingqongileyo” (1984) kunye no “zinzo ”(2013), kuya kufuneka ugwayimbo, oluthi ke“ lujongane ”neBhunga lesiZwe. Ngesiqhelo, uzinzo lukwanoluvo lobumbano.
Ndiphinde ndaphambana? Xelela iimbaleki ezingama-20.000 ezithe zangena emanzini kwiMeditera ukusukela ngonyaka ka-2014. Izigidi zabantu abaxhaphaza abo ukubandezeleka kwabo ngokuyinxenye kubangelwa yimibutho yamazwe aphesheya kunye nentshona geopolitics. Abezopolitiko bacinezelwe, kumazwe abo sithanda ukuthenga ngexabiso eliphantsi.
Le yintsholongwane endithetha ngayo!