Izazinzulu ezingathobeliyo | S4F AT

nguMartin Auer

Izazinzulu ezininzi zemozulu zifikelela kwisigqibo sokuba akwanelanga ukwenza iziphumo zophando lwabo zifumaneke koorhulumente, ubhala uDaniel Grossman kwinqaku lamva nje lejenali. indalo1. Bacaphukile kwaye badangele into yokuba uqikelelo oluya lusiba mbi kakhulu kunye nemozulu eyothusayo eyandayo ayibangeli manyathelo ayimfuneko. Ngokomzekelo, eli nqaku licaphula isazi se-geoscientist uRose Abramoff kunye ne-astrophysicist uPeter Kalmus, bobabini abasengozini yokubanjwa kunye nokulahlekelwa yimisebenzi yabo ngezenzo ezimangalisayo.

Ngo-Epreli ka-2022, umzekelo, uKalmus kunye noogxa bakhe abathathu bavale ukufikelela kwisebe lebhanki yeJP Morgan eLos Angeles, etyala imali eninzi kwiinkampani zamafutha efosili. Wabanjwa ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho. Kanye kunye no-Abramoff, waphazamisa inkomfa ye-American Geophysical Union kunye ne-Scientist Rebellion banner. U-Abramoff walahlekelwa ngumsebenzi wakhe kwi-Oak Ridge National Laboratory eTennessee. UKalmus wanikwa isilumkiso kuphela ngumqeshi wakhe, iJet Propulsion Laboratory.

Ukuvuka kuka-Abramoff kwezopolitiko kwafika ngo-2019 xa wayephonononga izahluko ezahlukeneyo zengxelo ye-IPCC. Ithoni engathathi hlangothi yoxwebhu, engazange yenze ubulungisa kubukhulu bentlekele ezayo, yabacaphukisa. Nge-6 ka-Epreli 2022, wazibophelela kucingo lwe-White House ngexesha loqhanqalazo lwemozulu. Wabanjwa kwangolo suku lunye noKalmus kwelinye icala lelizwekazi. Ukususela ngoko, uye wenza izinto ezili-14 ezimangalisayo, ezisixhenxe kuzo ezikhokelele ekubanjweni.

Le yimizekelo nje emibini yeqela elikhula rhoqo lezazinzulu ezingasafuni ukwaneliseka kukupapasha izinto ezothusayo ezizifumeneyo ngokungathabathi cala kumaphepha nakoolindixesha. Uphononongo olusanda kupapashwa nguFabian Dablander (iYunivesithi yaseAmsterdam)2 bafumanise ukuba ama-90 ekhulwini kubaphandi abangama-9.220 115 ekwenziwa uhlolisiso kubo bakholelwa ukuba “ziyimfuneko iinguqulelo ezisisiseko kwinkqubo yezentlalo, yezobupolitika neyezoqoqosho.” Kuphononongo, abaphandi kumazwe ali-2020 ababepapashe kwiijenali zesayensi phakathi kwe-2022 kunye ne-250.000 baphononongwa. Uphando luthunyelwe kubabhali abangama-78. Umbhali wophononongo uDablander uyavuma ukuba kukho ukungalingani ekuthandeni ababhali abanengqondo yezopolitiko kuba banokuvuma ngakumbi ukuzalisa iphepha lemibuzo kwaye balithumele kwakhona. Iipesenti ezingama-23 zabaphenduli baye baxoxa ngemiba yokutshintsha kwemozulu ngaphandle koogxa babo. Iipesenti ezingama-10 ziye zathatha inxaxheba kuqhanqalazo olusemthethweni kunye neepesenti ezili-900 - phantse izazinzulu ezingama-2,5 - kwizenzo zokungathobeli uluntu. Umahluko phakathi kwezazinzulu ezisebenza kwimiba yemozulu kunye nabaphandi kwezinye iinkalo zicacile: bathathe inxaxheba kuqhanqalazo amaxesha angama-4 njengoko uninzi lwabaphandi bemozulu. abaphandi abangayiyo imozulu. Abaphandi bemozulu babebaninzi kunabathathi-nxaxheba kwizenzo zokungathobeli 1:XNUMX.

Olunye uphononongo olwenziwe nguViktoria Cologna (iYunivesithi yaseZurich)3 ka-2021 ibonise ukuba izazinzulu zemozulu ze-1.100, iipesenti ze-90 ziye zabandakanyeka esidlangalaleni kwimiba yemozulu ubuncinane kanye, umzekelo ngodliwano-ndlebe lweendaba, iinkcazo zabenzi bezigqibo okanye kumajelo asekuhlaleni. Izazinzulu zisoloko zinoloyiko lokuba ziya kuphulukana nokuthembeka xa zithetha ngezobupolitika. Kodwa uphononongo lukaCologna, olubandakanya abangezonzululwazi, lufumanise ukuba iipesenti ezingama-70 zamaJamani kunye neepesenti ezingama-74 zaseMelika ziyayamkela xa izazinzulu zithethelela amanyathelo okhuseleko lwemozulu.

Ifoto yeqweqwe: Stefan Müller nge Wikimedia. CC BY -Itshantliziyo leNzululwazi yeNzululwazi, ikhokelwa ngamapolisa esebenzisa iintlungu zokubamba iintlungu emva kokuvalwa kwebhulorho.

1 Indalo 626, 710-712 (2024) doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-00480-3, okanye. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-00480-3

2 Dablander, F., Sachisthal, M. & Haslbeck, J. Preprint e-PsyArXiv https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/5fqtr (2024).

3 Cologna, V., Knutti, R., Oreskes, N. & Siegrist, M. Environ. Res. Latvian 16, 024011 (2021).