Susanne Wolf
Kalata yochokera ku SVA ili pano, mutu "Akaunti yatsopano ya penshoni" imamveka yolonjeza. Koma nambala yolimba mtima mkati mwa kalatayo siyolimbikitsa - kodi imeneyi iyenera kukhala penshoni yanga? Ndi zenizeni za Nachlesen zomwe zimamveka bwino: Apa akukhudza nambala yochepa, yomwe ikuwonetsa ndalama zomwe adalipira penshoniyo. Ngakhale kuti inshuwaransi ya penshoni ikufuna kukulitsa kukhulupilira ndalama zapenshoni, kwa ambiri amachita zosiyana. Mafunso ambiri amakhabe osayankhidwa: Kodi penshoniyo imakhala kuti? Kodi ndigwira ntchito mpaka liti kuti ndikwaniritse njira yanga?
Kuimbira foni yanga koyamba kumandifikira pafoni SVA, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa pamutu wa akaunti ya penshoni. Mayi yemwe ali kumapeto kwa mzereyo amandilongosolera modekha kwa nthawi yomwe inshuwaransi yanga yandayika. Ndimapezanso chidziwitso chofunikira chokhudzana ndi kukwera pa nkhani ya chisamaliro cha ana.Pafupifupi zaka zinayi zimaganiziridwa polera ana. Mnzanga wotsatira ndi Wolfgang Panhölzl, katswiri pa penshoni pa Chamber of Labor Vienna: "Mtengo womwe uli mu akaunti ya penshoni umawonetsa kuchuluka kwa penshoni ngati simunabweze chilichonse pobweza. Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti, ngongole yotsalira pamwezi, ikafika zaka 65, "zaka zopuma pantchito za 65? Ndikuphunzira: Kwa azimayi obadwira ku 1.12.1963, zaka zopuma pantchito ndi 60, ndiye kuti nthawi yoyambira imayamba kukula mpaka zaka za 65. Kwa amuna, a - ovomerezeka - zaka zopuma pantchito za 65 zidakali chimodzimodzi.
Kuyamikira kwambiri okalamba
Njira zapenshoni zapakhomo zimakhazikitsidwa ndi mgwirizano wotchedwa intergenerational contract: anthu ogwira nawo ntchito amalipira ndalama zapenshoni za akulu. Koma dongosololi - lotchedwanso kuti pay-as-you-go system - limayambira zaka 1950; Masiku ano, anthu amakhala nthawi yayitali ndipo amapeza ndalama zapenshoni. Nthawi yomweyo, zaka zopuma pantchito zapuma, zaka zoyambira kulowa zakwera chifukwa chophunzitsidwa bwino bwino. Pafupifupi, amuna pakadali pano akupuma pantchito ndi 65 osati zaka 59 zomwe zidakonzekera, azimayi omwe ali ndi 57.
Manfred Felix, Tcheyamani wa Pension Insurance Institution (PVA), akufotokoza izi ndi zopanda phindu komanso zopindulitsa pantchito yopuma pantchito zomwe zimafooketsa malingaliro akuti ogwira ntchito akukalamba komanso athanzi: "Anthu mwina ali ndi thanzi labwino kuposa kale, koma matenda amisala akuchuluka. "
"Tikufunika mwachangu dongosolo labwino la bonasi lomwe limaletsa makampani omwe salemba antchito ochepa kapena osagwira ntchito kwenikweni."
Wolfgang Panhölzl, katswiri pa penshoni ku Chamber of Labor Vienna
Katswiri wazandale Peter Filzmaier amawona zinthu mosiyana: "Anthu okalamba amauzidwa nthawi zambiri kuti sangakhale oyenera kumsika wa ntchito, mmalo mouthokoza. Komabe, ndale, bizinesi ndi manyuzipepala amafunika kupereka chithunzi chotsutsana. "Zaka zomwe zopereka zimathandizidwa pantchito yapenshoni zikuchepa - pomwe chiwerengero cha zaka zapenshoni chikukwera chifukwa chokulira kwa moyo. Pamwamba pa izo, kwa ogwira ntchito kuyambira 55. Chaka chosowa ntchito ndichofala kwambiri. "Zambiri za Federation of Social Security zikuwonetsa kuti pafupifupi 20 peresenti yamakampani omwe ali ndi antchito oposa 25 salemba ntchito munthu m'modzi kwa zaka 55," akutero katswiri wa AK Panhölzl. "Mosasamala za mafakitale omwe amagwira ntchito." Pakali pano, boma liyenera kulipira ndalama za 4,6 biliyoni kuchokera ku bajeti kupita ku dongosolo la penshoni.
Kodi zingagwire ntchito bwanji mtsogolo? "Tikufunika mwachangu dongosolo labwino la bonasi lomwe limaletsa makampani omwe salemba antchito ochepa kapena osagwira ntchito," atero Panhölzl. Mu pulogalamu ya boma, kachitidwe kameneka kamavomerezedwa, kamene kamayikira chiwerengero chakale, koma kukhazikikako sikungadikire.
Zosintha zofunika pension
Mu 2012, othandizira oposa 50 ochokera ku sayansi, bizinesi ndi ndale adakhazikitsa "kuyitanitsa kusintha kosasunthika kwadongosolo la inshuwaransi ya penshoni". Akatswiri amafuna kuti pakhale mgwirizano pakati pa mtundu wa penshoni waku Sweden: Kumeneko zoperekazo zimalipira muakaunti kenako chiwongola dzanja chenicheni chimaperekedwa. Palibe lamulo lalamulo pomwe wina apuma pantchito, koma chisankhochi chimaperekedwa kwa aliyense payekha. Omwe adapuma pantchito amapeza zomwe adasunga m'moyo wawo wogwira ntchito - mosasamala kanthu kuti apuma pantchito liti. Maanja aku Sweden akuyenera kusankha momwe angagawire ndalama za penshoni ngati m'modzi atakhala ndi ana kwa zaka zochepa. Tsatanetsatane wosangalatsa: Mswede aliyense wachisanu ndi chiwiri amabwerera kuchokera pantchito kukagwira ntchito kuti apeze zopereka zina. Panhölzl akuwonjezera kuti: "Ku Sweden, ndalama zapenshoni ndizokwera kwambiri kuposa ku Austria, komanso ndalama zambiri zapenshoni pagulu." Wapampando wa PVA Felix akutsutsanso mtundu waku Sweden.
"Ngati pali anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni awiri omwe akukhala ku 60 ku Austria lero ndipo 2050 ikukhala mamiliyoni a 3,2 mu ziwerengero za XNUMX, aliyense akhoza kudziwa kuti kupeza ndalama kudzakhala kovuta kwambiri pazaka zopumira pano."
Peter Filzmaier, wasayansi wandale
Pension: Kusatsimikizika ndikwabwino
Malinga ndi kafukufuku yemwe bungwe lofufuzira pamsika la Marketmind lidachita, 30 peresenti ya aku Austral sakhulupirira kuti akhoza kudalira penshoni ya boma. Ngakhale pakati pa azaka za 30, pafupifupi theka laiwo amavomereza. "Izi ndi zotsatira za zaka zambiri za kampeni yabodza, mabungwe amakampani a inshuwaransi ndi akatswiri otchedwa penshoni," akuwaganizira a Panhölzl. Malinga ndi akatswiri a AK, penshoni yalamulo idalipira ngakhale panthawi zovuta kwambiri zapanyumba, monga pambuyo pa World War. Katswiri wazandale Peter Filzmaier mbali inayi amvetsetsa kusakhazikika kwa anyamatawa: "Ngati lero ku Austria anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni awiri amakhala ndi zaka zopitilira 60 ndipo malinga ndi ziwerengero mchaka cha 2050 zoposa 3,2 miliyoni, aliyense akhoza kuwerengera kuti pakadali pano kupuma pantchito mpaka pantchito yapenshoni kumakhala kovuta kwambiri "Palibe boma lingaganize, komabe, kuti penshoniyo silipiriranso. "Popeza atha kusiya ntchito mosasamala mitundu ya chipani tsiku lomwelo."
Filzmaier ipempha andale kuti athane ndi vuto lakukwera mokwanira. "Mgwirizanowu suyenera kutanthauza kuti achichepere alibe chiyembekezo ndipo m'tsogolomu ayenera kulipira zochulukirapo." Katswiri wazandaleyo akuwona njira ziwiri zotsutsana ndi msonkho: "Choyamba, kubala kwapamwamba komanso kuchuluka kwapantchito kwa azimayi, komwe kudzera pakukulitsa chisamaliro cha ana mpaka boma likhoza kukwezedwa. Kachiwiri, kusunthidwa kwakunja kwa ogwira ntchito, komwe sikiyenera kukhala kukhudzanso chikhalidwe cha anthu. "
Ntchito mpaka mutasiya?
Kafukufuku pakati pa abwenzi akuwonetsa kuti pali kukayikira kwakukulu pamapenshoni amtsogolo: "Ndidagwira ntchito ngati bizinesi yaying'ono kwa zaka 15 ndipo sindinathe kulipira penshoni," akutero Lisa Engel, wazaka 48. "Zopeza zanga zochepa zidangopita kwa atatuwo Ana omwe ndidawalera ndekha. "Engel sakuyembekezera kuti atenga ndalama zapenshoni (kalata yochokera ku PVA siyinafike kwa iye) ndipo akupita njira zina:" Ndimaika moyo wanga pantchito yothandizirana pachuma komanso moyo monga Magulu osinthana, ndalama zam'madera, okhala mdera kapena kugawana chakudya. ”Anthu odzilemba okha ntchito nthawi zambiri amadalira inshuwaransi ya penshoni, monga mtolankhani komanso wolemba Martina Gross (dzina lasinthidwa) akutsimikizira kuti:" Akaunti yanga ili ndi nambala yotsika kwambiri chifukwa boma silingathe kuyang'anira kuyamikira zaka 13 zomwe ndakhala ndikugwira ntchito kunja ku yunivesite ya sayansi yasayansi. ”Gross akuwona mwayi umodzi wokha ndi nthabwala yakuda:" Ife osakhazikika mpaka kumwalira. ”Sikuti ali yekhayekha ali ndi malingaliro awa; anthu ambiri odzilemba okha angaganize kuti agwira ntchito nthawi yayitali kuposa azaka zapakati pa 60. Lamulo la Pensheni limathandizira kupezanso ndalama zopanda malire pa penshoni. "Komabe, izi sizikugwira ntchito ku penshoni yomwe imayambitsidwa koyambirira, monga penshoni ya olumala," akuwonjezera wapampando wa PVA a Felix.
"Ma inshuwaransi pawokha amaika pensheni ndalama zawo pensulo zomwe ali nazo pakubwezeretsa ndalama zawo, koma atseke zolakwika zapenshoni kale. Izi zimapanga chithunzi cholakwika. "
Wolfgang Panhölzl, Chamber of Labor Vienna, pakuwerengedwa kwa penshoni
Chenjerani ndi omwe amapereka payekha
Ndipo kodi pension yodziwika bwino ndi iti? "Iyi ndi ndalama ya pamwezi yomwe imasowa ndalama zomaliza zogwira ntchito," akufotokoza katswiri wa AK Panhölzl. "Mothandizidwa ndi chowerengera cha penshoni cha AK, mwayi weniweni wamalipidwe ungawerengeredwe." Panhölzl adalangiza kuti asagwiritse ntchito mwanjira iyi kapena kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwake kuti ayifanizire ndi kudzipereka kwa inshuwaransi yapadera. "Ma inshuwaransi achinsinsi amafuna ndalama zawo zapenshoni powerengera ndalama zomwe amapeza, koma amatenga zofunika zomwe amatseka kuti atseke mapenshoni. Izi zimapanga chithunzi cholakwika. "Katswiri wapa penshoni anachenjeza kuti tisatseke nthawi yomwe tikugulitsa. "Ngati pension ya penshoni yatsala, kugula kwina kwa inshuwaransi kapena inshuwaransi yapamwamba mwakufuna kungaganiziridwe."
Sizikudziwikiratu chifukwa chake mawu osokeretsa "akaunti ya penshoni" amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ngakhale tcheyamani wa PVA sadziwa yankho. Chifukwa palibe akaunti kapena akaunti yosungira yomwe ndalama zingakhalepo, koma tikupitilizabe kulipira ndalama mibadwo yamtsogolo. Bwana wa PVA Felix akufuna kuti adziwe zambiri: "Nthawi zonse timalandira zopempha kuchokera kwa anthu omwe alandila akaunti ya akaunti. Ngakhale zili kale m'ndime yachiwiri ya kalatayo kuti iyi ndi ngongole yapita, ambiri amakhulupirira kuti iyi ndiye malipiro awo omaliza. "
Chimodzi modzi ndichotsimikizika: akaunti ya penshoni ndi njira imodzi yochitira ndi ndalama za penshoni yanu ndikuwonetsa kuwonekera koyamba. Ndipo nthawi yomweyo ndikuyitanitsa ku maudindo ambiri anu.
Werengani zambiri zamtsogolo Pension ku Austria, the penshioni mawerengedwe ndi njira zina za riziki penshioni.
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