Karin Bornett
ISDS ndiye chidule chothetsa mikangano yaboma. Kutanthauziridwa mu Chijeremani, mawu oti "bizinesi yamgwirizano wotsutsana ndi boma" amatanthauza. Ndi chida chamalamulo apadziko lonse lapansi ndipo chokhazikitsidwa kale mu mapangano ambiri. Mayiko aku Europe atsiriza mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wa 1400 wokhala ndi mabungwe omwe akuphatikizapo ISDS. Padziko lonse pali mokweza Attac Austria kuposa 3300 ya mapangano oterowo. CETA imaphatikizanso ISDS ndipo ISDS idalinso gawo la zokambirana za TTIP.
ISDS - ufulu wapadera mabungwe
ISDS, iyi ili ngati ufulu wogwira ntchito kwa omwe amafesa ndalama. ISDS imalola mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi kuti azenga mlandu mayiko pazowonongeka pomwe akukhulupirira kuti malamulo atsopano amachepetsa phindu lawo.
Zoopsa potengera izi: Malamulo akhoza kuletsedwa ndi mabungwe, chifukwa mfundo zake sizikufuna kuyambitsa milandu. Mwachitsanzo, a Environmental Institute of Munich alemba kuti: "Kuteteza ndalama kumabweretsa ufulu wapadera m'mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi. Amawapatsa chida chakuthwa kuti akwaniritse zofuna zawo motsutsana ndi demokalase. "Alexandra Strickner, katswiri wazamalonda ku Attac Austria, akukhulupirira kuti:" Lamulo la ISDS likuyika pangozi pagulu, chifukwa limapereka malamulo atsopano ndi cholembera pamtengo. Monga momwe zitsanzo zikusonyezera, izi zitha kutanthauza kuti malamulo atsopano pachidwi chonse sanakhazikitsidwe konse (kapena pocheperapo) chifukwa cha kuwopseza kwaulere, kapena kuti nzika zizigwiritsa ntchito ndalama zawo za msonkho kuti "zilipire" makampani chifukwa cha phindu lotayika. Izi zimangopindulitsa makampani apadziko lonse lapansi. Atha kudutsa makhothi amdziko ndikupeza ufulu womwe wina aliyense alibe. "
Mtundu wochotsedwa?
Komabe, dongosololi likuyandikira kupanikizika kwambiri - ndipo andale akuchitapo kanthu: mayiko monga India, Ecuador, South Africa, Indonesia, Tanzania ndi Bolivia asiya kale mapanganowo. Italy idachoka Pangano la Energy Charter, lomwe limaphatikizanso njira ya ISDS. Mu mtundu wokhazikika wa North America malonda zone NAFTA sipadzakhala ISDS pakati pa US ndi Canada. ECJ yalamula kuti ISDS siyigwirizana ndi malamulo a EU pakati pa mayiko a EU (mapangano ambiri ndikulimbikitsa kwa EU). Kumayambiriro kwa Januware, mayiko mamembala a 22 EU adalengeza kuti 2019 kutha kwa ISDS pakati pa mayiko a EU: pafupifupi 190 yamapangano ngati iyi ikhudzidwa. 2017 idafuula Msonkhano wa United Nations pa Zamalonda ndi Kupititsa patsogolo (UNCTAD) kwa nthawi yoyamba idathetsa mapangano ambiri ogulitsa ndi ISDS kuposa atsopano. Koma mapangano ena a ISDS ndi Vietnam ndi Mexico adakambirana ndipo tsopano akuyenera kuvomerezedwa ndi mabungwe a EU. Kuphatikiza apo, zokambirana paz mgwirizano wamakono zikuchitika pakati pa EU ndi Japan, China ndi Indonesia.
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