yankho
The Genuine Progress Indicator imayesa momwe mayiko akuyendera pachuma. Ngakhale kuti ndalama zonse zapakhomo (GDP) monga chizindikiro cha zachuma zimanyalanyaza zotsatira za chikhalidwe ndi zachilengedwe za chitukuko cha zachuma, Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) imaganiziranso ndalama zawo zotseguka ndi zobisika, monga kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, umbanda kapena kuchepa kwa thanzi la anthu.
GPI idakhazikitsidwa pa Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare yomwe idapangidwa mu 1989, yomwe chidule chake cha ISEW chimachokera ku Chingerezi "Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare". Kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1990, GPI idadzikhazikitsa ngati wolowa m'malo wothandiza kwambiri. Mu 2006, GPI, m'Chijeremani "chizindikiro chenicheni cha patsogolo", idasinthidwanso ndikusinthidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi zomwe zikuchitika.
GPI imatengera ndalama zonse
GPI imachokera ku kuyerekezera kwa anthu omwe amamwa mowa mwachinsinsi ndi ndondomeko ya kusiyana kwa ndalama. Ndalama za chikhalidwe cha kusalingana zimaganiziridwanso. Mosiyana ndi GDP, chiwonetsero chakupita patsogolo chimayamikiranso ubwino wa ntchito yodzipereka yosalipidwa, ubereki ndi ntchito zapakhomo, komanso zomangamanga. Ndalama zodzitchinjiriza, mwachitsanzo zokhudzana ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, ngozi zapamsewu, kutaya nthawi yopuma, komanso chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kapena kuwonongeka kwa ndalama zachilengedwe, zimachotsedwa. GPI imatengera kuchuluka kwa ndalama ndi zopindulitsa pazachuma zam'deralo.
GPI: Kukula sikufanana ndi kulemera
M'mbiri, GPI idakhazikitsidwa pa "malire hypothesis" ya Manfred Max Neef. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pamwamba pa mtengo wina mu dongosolo la macroeconomic, phindu la kukula kwachuma limatayika kapena kuchepetsedwa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka komwe kumayambitsa - njira yomwe imathandizanso zofuna ndi malingaliro a Zowonongeka-Kuthandizira kuyenda. Izi zimatsutsa lingaliro la kukula kopanda malire ndipo limalimbikitsa chikhalidwe cha pambuyo pa kukula.
Katswiri wa zachuma amatengedwa kuti ndi amene anayambitsa "chizindikiro chenicheni cha chitukuko". Phillip Lawn. Anapanga ndondomeko yowerengera mtengo / phindu la ntchito zachuma za GPI.
GPI yomwe ilipo
Pakadali pano, GPI ya mayiko ena padziko lonse lapansi yawerengedwa. Kuyerekeza ndi GDP kuli kochititsa chidwi kwambiri: GDP ya USA, mwachitsanzo, ikusonyeza kuti kulemera kunawonjezeka kawiri pakati pa 1950 ndi 1995. Komabe, GPI ya nthawi ya 1975 mpaka 1995 ikuwonetsa kutsika kwakukulu kwa 45 peresenti ku USA.
Austria, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden ndi Australia akuwonetsanso kukula kwachuma malinga ndi kuwerengera kwa GPI, koma izi ndizochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi chitukuko cha GDP. Bungwe la Impulse Center for Sustainable Economics (ImzuWi) likuwona kufunika kwa ma indices pakuwunika ntchito zachuma, monga GPI, motere: “GDP idakali yolimba. Zoyesa, zomwe zina zakhala zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, zosonyeza kudalira ndi zotsatira za chuma chathu pa anthu ndi chilengedwe mowona zataya mphamvu zawo ndi changu chawo mpaka lero. (...) Kungolowetsa GDP ndi chizindikiro china chofunikira sikudzakhala yankho. M'malo mwake, tikuziwona motere: RIP BIP. Kusiyanasiyana kwachuma!
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