Elisabeth Oberzaucher
"Utopias ndi malingaliro ndiabwino kutilimbikitsira."
Ngakhale kuyesetsa konse, malingaliro nthawi zambiri amakhala osakwaniritsidwa. Katunduyu amawapangitsa kukhala watopias, monga momwe akunenera kale mawu omwewo: mawuwa amachokera ku Chigriki chakale ndipo amatanthauza "osakhala". Chifukwa chake, pamene ntchito yamtchire ikakhazikitsidwa, kupezeka kwake kumatha ngati chitopia, popeza zidakwaniritsidwa, ndiye kuti, zidachokera ku dziko lapansi. Komabe, kusinthaku sikumakhala koyenera, koma kumangokhala kwapadera. Tsoka la kusowa kwa chidziwitso litha kudziwika kuti pali zifukwa zosiyanasiyana: kusowa kofunitsitsa kwa magulu omwe akukhudzidwa kuti apereke zofuna zawo, kuthekera kochepa kwaukadaulo, etc.
Ngakhale kukwaniritsa malingaliro athu kumaphatikizapo kuthekera kwakukulu kokukhumudwitsidwa, umunthu suwoneka ngati kuti sunathetsedwe chifukwa cha kulephera kwathu konse. Kukhazikitsa zolinga zosatheka ndikupanga malingaliro osakwaniritsidwa kumawoneka ngati chinthu chamunthu.
Woyambitsa chitukuko
Utopias ndi malingaliro ndizoyenerana bwino pakufunika kosintha, osakhutira ndi momwe zinthu ziliri, koma kuti muchite bwino. AYI magalimoto oyendetsa magalimoto kuti asinthe. Kusintha komwe sikofunikira kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo komanso kubereka, komanso kupewa chikhalidwe komanso chikhalidwe.
Koma kodi ndizofunikiradi kuti zolingazo zisachitike? Kodi sitingatumikire bwino ngati titakhala ndi zolinga zokwanira m'malo mwa utopias? Kodi sizokhumudwitsa kulephera kufooka? Utopias amawoneka ngati apadera monga othandizira.
Zofunikira: Kuyesayesa kwamuyaya
Kuyimilira ndikukhazikika. Zonsezi pamlingo wazachilengedwe, wachitukuko, wachuma, wandale komanso waukadaulo, tiyenera kupitilizabe kusuntha dongosolo kuti likhale likuyenda. Poyerekeza ndi biology, tili ndi mwayi waukulu pamachitidwe athu popanga zisankho: pomwe chisinthiko, kusinthika kumangokhala kosasinthika, ndipo izi zomwe zatsopano ziyenera kudziwonetsa posankha, titha kuyang'ana kusintha kwabwino.
Cholinga chakusintha ndiye kuti nthawi zonse kumakhala kofanana. Apa, komabe, zolinga zomwezi zingasemphane ndi za ena kapena gulu. Makamaka mukamakumana ndi zinthu. Ngakhale anthu ambiri amawona kuti njira yokhazikika ndiyofunika, nthawi zambiri amalephera. Kuyenda wapansi ndikutopetsa kuposa kuyendetsa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kufuna kumakhala nthawi zambiri, koma kukhazikitsa kulibe. Ili ndiye gawo lakuda la Utopia: Popeza njira yokhazikika yosakhazikika kwa anthu ambiri, ambiri amakhala ndi "kale mwa kumverera konyansa". Pomaliza, kuti athetse kukhumudwa kwamuyaya, cholinga chimatayidwa kwathunthu. Njira yothetsera vutoli imakhala mukuzindikira magawo ang'onoang'ono: lingaliro lililonse limawerengeka ndipo limathandizira kufikira - kapena kutali ndi - cholinga.
Kuchedwa kwamuyaya
Ndiosavuta kupeza zofunika pamoyo, koma nthawi zambiri timalephera kuzikwaniritsa. Makamaka zikafika pazinthu zomwe tikufuna kuzichita, timatha kupeza zifukwa zomwe sitingazichite.
Kuika zinthu osakondedwa kumatchedwanso kuti kuzengeleza. Izi zimabweretsa ntchito yolamulidwa ndi nthawi yomwe singachitike, yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi nkhawa yowonjezereka, chifukwa kugwira ntchito miniti yomaliza kumabweretsanso kusatsimikizika koti nthawi yomwe ikwaniritsidwa ingathebe. Ngakhale akudziwa kuti kuntchito kapena kukhutitsidwa ndi moyo sikupindulitsa pakukankhira patsogolo, kuzengereza kuli ponseponse. Ndife osasinthika, ndipo titha kungotaya kachitidwe kamtunduwu chifukwa cha kulimba kwachitsulo? Kapena mwina tingasinthe kakhalidwe kameneka kukhala kena kogwira ntchito bwino?
Wofufuza nzeru John Perry adafotokoza njira yogwiritsira ntchito chizolowezi chozemba zinthu zosasangalatsa kuti zinthu ziziwayendera bwino. Amachitcha kuzengereza kopangidwa mwanjira: sitimachita zinthu chifukwa amaika patsogolo kwambiri - poganiza kuti ndi ofunikira kapena achangu - koma chifukwa amatipatsa chifukwa chosachita zinthu zina zomwe sitimva ngati tikufuna kuchita.
Ikani zinthu zofunika kwambiri
Kuti akwaniritse tanthauzo la kuzengereza, munthu amayamba kupanga mtundu wolingana ndi kufulumira kwawo. Kenako mumakonza zinthu zonse zomwe siziri pamndandanda, ndipo mumamva ngati mukuchita zabwino chifukwa simumayendera dongosolo lotsatira. Ntchito zomwe zimakonzedweratu zimachitika mokhulupirika komanso mwanjira iyi. Nthawi yomweyo, komabe, zinthu zapamwamba zimakankhidwira patsogolo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuti mugwiritse ntchito njira iyi m'njira yolunjika komanso yopindulitsa, mwanzeru munthu amaika ntchito patsogolo, zomwe sizofunikira kuchita, kapena mwangwiro sizingachitike. Mwanjira imeneyi, mutha kudzipangitsa kuti muchite zinthu zambiri mokhala ndi phindu. Mphamvu ya njirayi ili m'lingaliro loti m'malo mongomvera chabe ntchito zabwino zimachitika. Njira iyi imakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa psyche yathu kuti kumverera kwina mu china chake - posamaliza ntchito zomwe zimayikidwa kale - kumakwaniritsidwa ndi lingaliro lina: zinthu zonse zomwe zidachitika zomwe zidachitika munthawi yakusokonekera zimasiya malingaliro kuti wachita zinazake. M'menemu mumakhala malingaliro osiyana ndi omwe adakhazikitsidwa: pomwe choyambacho chimangolimbikitsa chikumbumtima choyipa, chifukwa zomwe zimayenera kutsalira, zotsalazo zimawonedwa ngati zopindulitsa.
Njira zoyendera
Utopias imakwaniritsa ntchito yofanana ndi ntchito yapamwamba. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutilimbikitsa kuti tikwaniritse zolinga zomwe tikufuna kukwaniritsa. Mwanjira imeneyi, kulephera kufikira dziko lamtchire, labwino, sikuti nthawi zonse kumakhala koipa. Utopia imatipangitsa kuyenda, ndipo amatibweretsa pafupi ndi cholinga ichi tikayamba kuzengeleza.
Utopu ndiwopanda ntchito pokhapokha ngati sungasinthe. Zili mwanjira yawo kuti monga cholinga chabwino chimakhudza machitidwe athu, koma chikuyimira chinthu chomwe sitifikapo. Kupanda kukwaniritsa kungakhale koyerekeza ngati, mwa kuyesayesa kwamtendere, kungokwaniritsa zolinga zokha kumaganiziridwa kuti ndikochita bwino. Kugwiritsa ntchito ziwonetsero komanso malingaliro potengera njira yakazolowera, ndizoyenereradi kutilimbikitsa kukwaniritsa zolinga zapakati. Mwanjira imeneyi, utopias ndi malingaliro ndi oyenererana kutilimbikitsa. Mwa kukhala mokhazikika pamndandanda wazinthu zofunikira kuchita ngati zolinga zosakwaniritsidwa, titha kudzipereka kwathunthu kukwaniritsa zolinga zathu. Kukweza kwambiri, kwenikweni, kumakhala kokwera kwambiri ngati tikuwona ntchito yake yokha ikukwaniritsidwa. Koma ngati tingazindikire kuti ilinso ndi ntchito yolimbikitsa, cholinga chofuna kukhala wolakalaka kwambiri ndi chokwanira kwambiri.
Kupambana & kulephera
Momwe timatanthauzira kulephera ndi kupambana nthawi zambiri kumawoneka ngati kwathunthu kumlengalenga. Izi zimawonekera kwambiri pamasewera monga masewera a Olimpiki aposachedwa. Malo atatu okha oyamba kupambana, malo achinayi ndi olephera kale. Kwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali, zitha kukhala zopambana kale, kupezekanso pamasewera, kapena, ngati ndichokonda, ngakhale mendulo ya siliva ikhoza kuwoneka ngati yolephera.
Momwe timawerengera zomwe zakwaniritsidwa sizimadalira miyezo yokhayo, koma pazomwe tikuyembekezera. Kuunika kofananako kwa kupambana ndi zolephera kumatsimikiziranso ngati utopias ukugwirizana ndi kukhalapo kwathu, kapena ngati kulephera kwathunthu kukwaniritsa utopia kumabweretsa kukhumudwitsidwa kotero kuti sitiyesanso.
Luso logwiritsa ntchito utopias momwe mungathere kuti mulimbikitse zimawoneka ngati sizowagwiritsa ntchito kukwaniritsa zolinga zapakatikati, komanso kukondwerera kupambana kumeneku. Kutchuka kwa azimayi omwe ali nawo pano kukuwonetsa mbali zowoneka bwino ndi zakuda za utopia: Ndondomeko ya zikhumbo zimaphatikizapo zolinga zamunthu aliyense payekha, zomwe zimatchedwa utopian ndipo amatchedwa ena chifukwa chokana kusaina. Komabe, oyambitsawa akuti chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe zolinga zimakhala zazitali kwambiri ndichakuti kukambirana kumachitika.
Kupeza mwayi wowona ma utopias ndikuyesera kuyandikira pafupi nawo. Kuchotsedwa kwa iye ngati wosafikika kumayambitsa kusagwira ntchito ndikuweruzidwa kuti alephere. Ngakhale kutenga nawo gawo kwa Olympiad sikukutha kupambana, yemwe satenga nawo mbali m'masewera watha kale.
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