Clara Landler
"Tiyenera kuyang'anitsitsa momwe nkhani (zoipa) zimasonyezedwera m'zofalitsa, komanso nthawi zambiri zomwe timakumana nazo ndi nkhani, kuti anthu asatengeke ndi zolakwika."
Kuchokera mu buku lakuti, Kodi nkhani zikutipangitsa kusasangalala? phunziro, 2019
Mufika omasuka mu holo ofika pa siteshoni sitima mumzinda wanu ndi kuyembekezera pofika kunyumba omasuka. Komabe, zithunzi za masoka omalizira zikuoneka pazithunzi, zomwe sizingapeweke. Sewero lina likutsatira lotsatira, likuwonjezera matenda atsopano a corona mosinthana ndi masoka achilengedwe, malipoti ankhondo, zigawenga, kuphana ndi katangale. Zikuwoneka kuti palibe kuthawa kufulumira kwa chidziwitso choyipa chodzaza - ndipo palibe mayankho a funso "Kodi tsopano?".
Chodabwitsa ichi chili ndi miyambo yambiri, yomwe yafufuzidwa kwambiri ndi maphunziro osiyanasiyana a sayansi. Zotsatira zake nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsutsana komanso zopatsa chidwi, ndipo palibe zopeza zomwe zimawonedwa kukhala zodalirika. Chomwe chiri chotsimikizika, komabe, ndi chakuti kusankha kwa zomwe zimakhala nkhani kumabwera mu gawo lovuta la kudalira. Kunena mwachidule, tinganene kuti atolankhani ayenera kudzipezera okha ndalama ndipo pankhaniyi amadalira kwambiri ndale ndi bizinesi. Owerenga ambiri omwe angapezeke, amakhala ndi mwayi wopeza ndalama.
Ubongo umakhazikika pachiwopsezo
Pofuna kukopa chidwi chochuluka momwe zingathere mwamsanga, mfundoyi inatsatiridwa kwa nthawi yaitali: "nkhani zoipa zokha ndizo zabwino". Kuti kusasamala Zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pankhaniyi zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi momwe ubongo wathu umagwirira ntchito. Zimaganiziridwa kuti, chifukwa cha chisinthiko, kuzindikira kofulumira kwa ngozi kunayimira mwayi wopulumuka ndipo ubongo wathu umapangidwa moyenerera.
Makamaka madera athu akale kwambiri a ubongo monga ubongo wa ubongo ndi limbic system (makamaka hippocampus yomwe ili ndi kugwirizana kwake kolimba kwa amygdala) imachita mofulumira ku zolimbikitsa zamaganizo ndi kupsinjika maganizo. Zonse zomwe zingatanthauze ngozi kapena chipulumutso zimatsogolera ku zochitika kale mbali zina zaubongo zisanakhale ndi nthawi yosintha zomwe zakhudzidwa kwambiri. Sikuti tonsefe timakhala ndi mphamvu yochita zinthu mwamphamvu kwambiri ku zinthu zoipa, komanso zimalembedwa bwino kuti uthenga wolakwika umakonzedwa mofulumira komanso mozama kwambiri kuposa chidziwitso chabwino ndipo nthawi zambiri amakumbukiridwa bwino. Chodabwitsa ichi chimatchedwa "negativity bias".
Kutengeka mtima kolimba kokha kumapereka zotsatira zofanana. Atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuyang'ana chidwi mwachangu komanso mwamphamvu. Timakhudzidwa mtima ndi zimene zimatiyandikira. Ngati china chake chili kutali, chimagwira ntchito yocheperako ku ubongo wathu. Tikamakhudzidwa mwachindunji, m'pamenenso timachita mwamphamvu kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, zithunzi zimakhala ndi mphamvu kuposa mawu. Amapanga chinyengo cha kuyandikira kwa malo.
Lipotilo likutsatiranso mfundo iyi. Nkhani zakumaloko zimathanso kukhala “zabwino” nthawi ndi nthawi. Wozimitsa moto yemwe amadziwika ndi aliyense m'tauniyo akhoza kukhala wolemba nkhani m'nyuzipepala yakumaloko akapulumutsa mphaka wa mnansi wake mumtengo. Komabe, ngati chochitikacho chili kutali, zolimbikitsa zamphamvu monga kudabwa kapena kutengeka mtima zimafunika kuti zigawidwe kuti ndizofunikira muubongo wathu. Zotsatirazi zitha kuwonedwa bwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi lazama TV, pakati pa ena. Komabe, kulingalira kumeneku kuli ndi zotulukapo zofika patali pazochitika za dziko ndi kwa ife aliyense payekhapayekha.
Timaona dziko moipa kwambiri
Zotsatira zake pakupereka malipoti olakwika, mwa zina, zimakhala ndi zotsatira zomveka kwa munthu aliyense. Chida chomwe nthawi zambiri chimatchulidwa ponena za momwe timaonera dziko lapansi ndi "chidziwitso cha chidziwitso" chopangidwa ndi wofufuza zaumoyo wa ku Sweden Hans Rosling. Kuchitika padziko lonse lapansi m'maiko opitilira 14 okhala ndi anthu masauzande angapo, nthawi zonse kumabweretsa zotsatira zofanana: Timawunika momwe zinthu ziliri padziko lapansi moyipa kwambiri kuposa momwe zilili. Pafupifupi, osachepera gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mafunso 13 osavuta kusankha amayankhidwa molondola.
Negativity - Mantha - Kupanda Mphamvu
Tsopano titha kuganiziridwa kuti malingaliro oyipa a dziko atha kukulitsanso kufunitsitsa kusintha china chake ndikukhala okangalika. Zotsatira za psychology ndi neuroscience zimapereka chithunzi chosiyana. Kafukufuku wokhudza zotsatira za maganizo a malipoti oipa akusonyeza, mwachitsanzo, kuti munthu akaonera nkhani zoipa pa TV, maganizo oipa monga nkhawa nawonso amawonjezeka.
Kafukufuku adawonetsanso kuti zotsatira zoyezeka za malipoti olakwika zimangobwerera ku chikhalidwe choyambirira (nkhani zisanagwiritsidwe ntchito) mu gulu lophunzirira lomwe pambuyo pake lidatsagana ndi kulowererapo kwamalingaliro monga kupumula pang'onopang'ono. Zotsatira zoyipa zamaganizidwe zidapitilira mu gulu lolamulira popanda thandizo lotere.
Media negativity ingakhalenso ndi zotsatira zosiyana: kumverera kwakusowa mphamvu ndi kusowa thandizo kumawonjezeka, ndipo kumverera kokhoza kupanga kusiyana kumatayika. Ubongo wathu umalowa mu "mkhalidwe wovuta wamalingaliro", biology yathu imachita ndi kupsinjika. Sitiphunzira zomwe tingachite kuti tisinthe china chake. Timaphunzira kuti palibe chifukwa chotsutsana wina ndi mnzake.
Kutopa kumakupangitsani kuti musamakangane, njira zothana ndi vuto ndizo zonse zomwe zimapanga chinyengo cha chitetezo, monga: kuyang'ana kutali, kupeŵa nkhani zonse ("kupewa nkhani"), kulakalaka chinthu chabwino ("kuthawa") - kapena ngakhale kuthandizira. pagulu komanso / kapena malingaliro - mpaka malingaliro achiwembu.
Kusagwirizana pazawayilesi: zomwe zingatheke kwenikweni?
Mayankho angapezeke pamagulu osiyanasiyana. Pa mlingo wa atolankhani, njira za "Positive Journalism" ndi "Constructive Journalism" zinabadwa. Zomwe njira ziwirizi zikufanana ndikuti amadziona ngati akutsutsana ndi "kukondera kosagwirizana" m'mbiri yakale yapa media komanso kuti onse amadalira kwambiri mayankho otengera mfundo za "positive psychology". Pakatikati ndiye chiyembekezo, mayankho, malingaliro amomwe mungathanirane ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana zadziko lovuta kwambiri.
Koma palinso njira zomangira payekha payekha kuposa njira zothanirana ndi zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa. Njira yodziwika bwino yomwe yatsimikiziridwa kuti imalimbikitsa chiyembekezo ndi kuchepetsa "kukondera kosayenera" ingapezeke mu zomwe zimatchedwa mchitidwe woganiza bwino - zomwe zapezanso kufotokozera m'njira zambiri zochiritsira. Ndikofunikira nthawi zonse kupanga mipata yambiri momwe mungathere kuti mudzikhazikitse nokha "pano ndi pano". Njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimayambira pakuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusinkhasinkha kosiyanasiyana mpaka kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ndi kuchita pang'ono, chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimachititsa kuti anthu azifuna mopitirira muyeso komanso kusowa thandizo kungathetsedwe pakapita nthawi - bola ngati chifukwa cha kupsinjika maganizo kwa munthu payekha chingapezeke kunja ndipo sichibwereranso kukuya - kukhala ndi zidziwitso zakale: kupsinjika komwe kumachitika nthawi zambiri mthupi la munthu, komwe kumatsagana ndi anthu masiku ano.
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