Society popanda chifukwa

"Anthufe tili ndi mphatso zambiri, koma izi sizofanana ndi kuchita mwanzeru."

Elisabeth Oberzaucher, University of Vienna

Ngati mungayang'ane zomwe zikuchitika, simungathe kudandaula ngati mungatero Carl von Linnaeus wasankha dzina loyenera la mitundu yathu: Homo sapiens amayimira "womvetsetsa, womvetsetsa" kapena "wanzeru, wochenjera, wochenjera, wololera", zomwe sizitanthauza zochita zathu tsiku ndi tsiku. Poyang'anitsitsa, anthufe tili ndi mphatso zoganiza, koma izi sizofanana ndi kuchita mwanzeru. Kodi kusasinthasintha kumeneku kumachokera kuti, komwe nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa zisankho zomwe sizomveka? Kodi ndife gulu lopanda chifukwa?

Kuzindikira kwa Homo sapiens kumakhazikitsidwa pazapangidwe zakale kapena zochepa. Izi zidatulukira m'mbiri ya chisinthiko ndikuthandizira makolo athu kuthana ndi mavuto a moyo wawo. Tsopano, malo okhala a anthu amakono ndiosiyana kwambiri ndi akale.

Chifukwa m'mbiri ya chisinthiko

M'mbiri yathu ya chisinthiko, malingaliro a kulinganiza apangidwa omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apeze zosankha zoyenera mwachangu. Mphamvu ya ma algorithms awa ili mu liwiro lawo, koma popanda mtengo. Amagwira ntchito ndi kuyerekezera komanso kusatsimikizika komwe kumapangitsa kupanga lingaliro munthawi yochepa kwambiri. Kuchepetsa kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti sizidziwitso zonse zomwe zimasungidwa mosamalitsa wina ndi mnzake, koma m'malo mwaulesi, tokha kuchokera m'matumbo, chigamulo choganiza bwino chimapangidwa. Izi zikuwoneka bwino kwambiri ndikuyerekeza ndimaganizo mwadala ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolakwika. Makamaka pazokhudza zigawo zomwe zili zosiyana kwambiri ndi zovuta zathu, chisankho chomwe chimapangidwa motere chimatha kukhala cholakwika. Komabe, timakonda kudalira ndipo nthawi zambiri timadalira momwe timvera m'matumbo athu komanso kudziwa kwathu mwanzeru. Ndipo onetsani tsiku ndi tsiku mobwerezabwereza kuti ubongo wathu umadziyimira wokha. Chifukwa chiyani sitili ochenjera ndikukayikira malingaliro anzeru awa?

The Lazy Brain Hypothesis

Matumbo a Homo sapiens ndi ochulukirapo; kukula kwake komanso kupanikizika kwa neocortex, timasiya mitundu yotsalira. Pamwamba pa izi, chiwalochi chimangowonongekanso: sichingolimbitsa kuphunzitsa, komanso pamafunika mphamvu zambiri kuti igwire ntchito. Ngati tili ndi ngongole yodalirika ngati imeneyi, funso limabuka chifukwa chake sitiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mwaluso popanga zisankho zoyenera. Yankho ndi "Lazy Brain Hypothesis", malingaliro aulesi. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti ubongo wathu wapanga zokonda pazinthu zomwe sizitanthauza kuyeserera pang'ono. Kuyesetsa pang'ono kumafunika pokonzekera ngati mutadalira njira zakale zosavuta zamaganizidwe. Zilibe kanthu kuti izi sizimabweretsa mayankho abwino malinga ngati zisankho zomwe zili zabwino zimakhala zokwanira.

Ubongo ungapangitse kukhala kosavuta ngakhale kosaganizira konse, koma kusiya malingalirowo kwa ena. Mitundu yamoyo m'magulu imakhala ndi mwayi wopanga mtundu wa nzeru zam'madzi mwa kugawa ntchito zazidziwitso mwa anthu angapo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zitheke osati kungogawira akatswiri opanga ubongo pamitu ingapo kuti apulumutse ntchito yomweyi, komanso malingaliro omwe anthu amakumana nawo amatha kulemera ena.

Munthawi yogwirizana ndi chisinthiko, tidakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, momwe machitidwe othandizira kubwezeretsa adakhazikitsidwa bwino. Munjira izi, zinthu zakuthupi monga chakudya, komanso zinthu zosagwirizana, monga chisamaliro, thandizo ndi chidziwitso, zidasinthidwa. Popeza maguluwa anali pampikisano wina ndi mnzake, kudalirana kumalimbana makamaka ndi gulu.

Nkhani zabodza, Facebook & Co - gulu lopanda chifukwa?

Zomwe m'mbuyomu tinachita kusinthaku zinali kusintha koyenera, zikutsogolera masiku ano ku zinthu zomwe zili zanzeru koma zoyenera.

Timakhulupilira chiweluzo cha munthu wodziwika bwino kwa ife kuposa akatswiri otsimikiziridwa omwe sitikudziwika kwa ife. Mwambo uwu wa nzeru za a regars - womwe ungafanane ndi mayina aulemu wazamalamulo - watukuka kwambiri kudzera pazosewerera. Pa Facebook, Twitter ndi Co, aliyense ali ndi mwayi wofotokoza malingaliro awo, mosasamala kanthu za ziyeneretso zawo komanso chidziwitso cha mutu. Nthawi yomweyo, timatha kudziwa zambiri komanso zidziwitso zambiri kuposa kale.

M'badwo wa chidziwitso umatanthawuza kuti pomwe titha kupeza chidziwitso, timapanikizika ndi kuchuluka kwazidziwitso chifukwa sitingathe kuzimvetsa zonse. Ichi ndichifukwa chake timayambiranso kuganiza kakale kwambiri: timadalira zonena za omwe timawadziwa, ngakhale anthu awa adziwa zoposa zomwe ife timadziwa. Mwa zina, izi ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nkhani zopeka zizifalikira pazawayilesi ndipo zikuwoneka kuti sizingatheke kuzidziwa bwino. Ngati lipoti labodza lazunguliridwa, pamafunika zovuta zingapo kuti mulikonzenso. Izi zitha kudziwika chifukwa cha zifukwa ziwiri: Choyamba, zilipo malipoti abodza Chowoneka bwino chifukwa ndi nkhani zachilendo ndipo malingaliro athu akonzekera kulabadira mwapadera zinthu zomwe zimasiyana ndi chizolowezi. Komabe, ubongo wathu ndi waulesi kuphunzira mwa kusintha malingaliro awo chikafika pamapeto.

Ndiye kodi izi zikutanthauza kuti sitingadziwe zopusa komanso kuti tiribe njira yothana ndi izi ndikwaniritsa dzina lathu? Malingaliro amachitidwe osintha mwanjira yachilengedwe samapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kwa ife, koma nthawi yomweyo sizingatheke. Ngati titakhala kumbuyo ndikudalira njira zosinthira, chisankho chomwe tiyenera kuyimira. Chifukwa tili oganiza bwino, ndipo ngati tigwiritsa ntchito malingaliro athu, pamapeto pake titha kukhala anthu oganiza bwino.

Kukonzekera bwino monga yankho la anthu popanda chifukwa?
M'buku lake laposachedwa kwambiri, "Kuunikira Tsopano," amafotokoza Stephen Pinker kaonedwe kake ka mkhalidwe waumunthu ndi dziko lapansi. Mosiyana ndi momwe zingamverere, moyo ukuyamba kukhala wabwino, wathanzi, wautali, wachiwawa, wotukuka, wophunzitsidwa bwino, wololera komanso wokhutiritsa padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale pali zochitika zina zandale zomwe zikuwoneka ngati zabwerera m'mbuyo ndikuwopseza dziko, zochitika zabwino zidakalipo. Imalongosola za zipilizo zinayi zikuluzikulu: kupita patsogolo, kulingalira, sayansi ndi ntchito yothandiza anthu, yomwe imatumizira anthu ndipo iyenera kubweretsa moyo, thanzi, chisangalalo, ufulu, chidziwitso, chikondi ndi zokumana nazo zambiri.
Akulongosola malingaliro oyipa ngati ngozi pachiwopsezo chilichonse: zimayambitsa chizolowezi chosafuna kukhazikika pazotsatira zoyipa kwambiri ndikupanga zisankho zolakwika mwamantha. Mantha ndi kutaya mtima zimapangitsa mavuto kuwoneka ngati osatheka, ndipo kulephera kwina kuchitapo kanthu kudikirira zosatheka. Ndikungodalira chiyembekezo chokhacho chomwe mungathe kubwezeretsa zosankha. Kukhala ndi chiyembekezo sikutanthauza kuti ungokhala osachita chilichonse, koma kuti umawona mavuto ngati angathe kusinthika motero kuwathetsa. Paul Romer, Mphotho wa Nobel mu Economics wa chaka chino, akuwonetsa kuti chiyembekezo ndichimodzi mwazomwe zimasonkhezera anthu kuthana ndi mavuto.
Ngati tichita bwino kukhala ndi chidziwitso chowona ndichiyembekezo maziko oyenera akhazikitsidwa kuti athane ndi zovuta za nthawi yathu. Kuti tichite izi, tiyenera kuthana ndi mantha athu ndikukhala ndi malingaliro otseguka.

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