URobert B. Fishman
"Umthetho Wezempilo Yezilwane" (AHL) ubusebenza e-EU kusukela ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli 2021. Kulo Mthethonqubo 2016/429, i-EU ifingqe imithetho eminingi ngempilo yezilwane futhi yaqinisa eminye imibandela yokuvikela izifo. Umdlandla wezinhlangano zokongiwa kwemvelo nezemvelo ulinganiselwe.
"Umthetho Wezempilo Yezilwane (AHL) usebenza ukwenza ukuhweba okungachazeki kwemfuyo nezilwane ezifuywayo, izilwane ezihuquzelayo nezilwane zasemanzini," kukhononda usosayensi wezolimo u-Edmund Haferbeck, ngokwesibonelo. Uhola inhlangano yenhlalakahle yezilwane I-PeTA uMnyango Wezomthetho Nesayensi. Yize kunjalo, njengezinye izishoshovu ezilwela amalungelo ezilwane, unethemba lokuthola eminye imikhawulo ekuhwebeni ngezilwane eziphilayo, ikakhulukazi imidlwane. Ukuze kube ngcono benhlalakahle yezilwane.
Abafuyi nabathengisi banikela ngemidlwane eshibhile ku-eBay nakumawebhusayithi abo. Eziningi zalezi zilwane ziyagula noma zinezinkinga zokuziphatha. "Izinja ezilethwe kuleli ngokungemthetho zivela 'ezimbonini zezinja', ikakhulukazi eMpumalanga Yurophu, zithengiselwa abantu abathintekayo abamehlo aluhlaza njengezinto 'ezingabanjiswene'," kubika i-German Animal Welfare Association I-DTB. Kodwa-ke, izilwane zihlala zigula, imigomo edingekayo ayitholakali futhi imidlwane ayihlangani ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa kusenesikhathi nonina.
I-DTB inethemba lokuthuthuka ngokuya nge-Article 108 no-109 we-Animal Health Act. Bavumela iKhomishini ye-EU ukuthi ibeke imithetho yokubhalisa nokuhlonza izilwane ezifuywayo.
Igatsha lase-Austria lenhlangano yezenhlalakahle yezilwane "4paws"Iyayincoma le ndlela, kepha ifuna" ukuhlonza okubanzi kwe-EU nokubhaliswa kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezinqolobaneni ezixhunyiwe ". Kuze kube manje kunerejista eyodwa kuphela ephoqelekile yezilwane e-Ireland. Abanikazi bezilwane kulo lonke elaseYurophu sebengavele bafune ikati noma inja yabo elahlekile ngokufaka inombolo kamazisi wesilwane sabo europetnet.com. Ukwenza lokhu, isilwane sidinga i-microchip ehambelana nayo encane njengohlamvu lwelayisi.
I-PeTA ibeka inzuzo nezilwane ezifuywayo eJalimane kuphela kuma-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu ngonyaka. Lapho "kuthengiswa izilwane futhi kungagcinwa kahle", isisebenzi se-PeTA u-Edmund Haferbeck uhlala ebona ingozi yokuthi abantu batheleleke ngezifo ezithathelanayo. Ubala isibonelo sokuhweba ngezilwane ezihuquzelayo eziphilayo. Njalo ukutheleleka kwesithathu kweSalmonella ezinganeni ezincane kungalandelwa emuva ekuphatheni kwezilwane ezingajwayelekile, uPeTA ucaphuna ucwaningo olwenziwe yiRobert Koch Institute (RKI). Futhi: "Kufika emaphesentini angama-70 ezilwane ezibucayi ezibulawa yingcindezi, izimpahla ezinganele noma ukulimala okuhlobene nokuhamba ngaphambi kokuthi zifakwe emakethe."
Futhi kade wazicabangela: Empeleni, izilwane zidlulisela izifo eziningi ezithathelwanayo kubantu. Isibonelo sakamuva sama-zoonoses anjalo, ngaphezu kwe-HIV (amagciwane engculaza) ne-Ebola, amagciwane eSars-COV2, adala iCovid-19 (Corona).
Ukubuya kwezifo eziwumshayabhuqe
Ngalesi sizathu kuphela, uMthetho Wezempilo Wezilwane ugxile ekulawuleni izifo. Ngenkathi imithetho emisha yezilwane ezifuywayo ingeke isebenze kuze kube ngu-2026, umthethonqubo we-EU usuqinisile ukuhlinzekwa "kwezilwane zasemapulazini" kwezolimo. Odokotela bezilwane kufanele bahlole amapulazi kaningi futhi ngokuqinile kunakuqala.
Uhlu lwezifo eziqashelwayo manje lubuye lubandakanye namagciwane amelana nemithi eminingi, okungasebenzi kuwo ama-antibiotic amaningi. Ngo-2018, i-Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) yexwayisa ngemiphumela yokusabalala okungaphazanyiswa kwamagciwane amelana nemithi elwa namagciwane: Uma esakazeka njengangaphambili, azobulala abantu abayizigidi ezingama-2050 eYurophu, eNyakatho Melika nase-Australia kuphela 2,4. Awekho ama-antidotes. Amaningi ala magciwane avela emapulazini asefektri lapho izingulube, izinkomo, izinkukhu noma ama-turkey kugcwele ndawonye. Imvamisa amasheya aphelele anikezwa ama-antibiotic lapha uma kuphela isilwane esisodwa esigulile. Izidakamizwa zifinyelela kubantu ngendle nangenyama.
Naphezu Umthetho Wezempilo Yezilwane - Ukuthuthwa kwesilwane kuyaqhubeka.
Ngobusika obudlule, imikhumbi emibili yaseSpain enezinkomo ezingaphezu kuka-2.500 XNUMX eyayizulazula inqamula iMedithera amasonto amaningi. Ayikho ichweba ebifuna ukuthi imikhumbi ingene. Ochwepheshe basola ukuthi lezi zilwane zitheleleke ngolimi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izinhlangano zezemvelo ezifana ne-German Animal Welfare Association zibhala lokhu nezinye izilwane eziningi zomhlaba wonke ezihamba amabanga amade kumawebhusayithi abo. Izishoshovu ezivela ku-Animal Welfare Foundation (Foundation for Animal Welfare) eFreiburg, eningizimu yeJalimane, zihamba ngqo nokuhanjiswa kwezilwane ukuze zibhale usizi lwezinkomo, izimvu nezinye "izilwane zasemapulazini" emikhumbi nasemalolini. Imibiko yonakalisa isifiso sokudla ngisho nalabo abadla inyama ngokuqinile.
Isibonelo: Mashi 25, 2021. Ezinyangeni ezintathu ezihlukumezayo kwakukhona cishe izinkunzi ezincane eziyi-1.800 emkhunjini wokuthutha izilwane i-Elbeik. Cishe izilwane ezingama-200 azisindanga kuleso sithuthi. Ngoba izinkunzi ezisindile eziyi-1.600 300 azisakwazi ukuhanjiswa ngokusho kombiko wophenyo lwezilwane, kufanele zibulawe zonke. Kuze kube namuhla, odokotela bezilwane baseSpain bebelokhu bezama ukuqeda izinkunzi ezisindile. Izilwane ezingama-XNUMX ngosuku. Kuthulwe ukuze kubulawe bese kulahlwa ezitsheni ezinjengodoti.
Amahora angama-29 aqonde ngqo elolini
Umthethonqubo Wezokuthuthwa Kwezilwane e-Europe ubusebenza kusukela ngo-2007 kanti bekuhloswe ukuthi uvikele ukuhlukunyezwa okunjalo. Ukuhanjiswa kwezilwane emazweni angaphandle kwe-EU akuvunyelwe lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphezu kwama-30 degrees emthunzini. Izilwane ezisencane zingahanjiswa kuze kufinyelele emahoreni ayi-18, izingulube namahhashi kuze kufike ku-24 nezinkomo kuze kufike emahoreni angama-29, inqobo nje uma zizothulwa ikhefu lokuphumula lamahora angama-24. Ngaphakathi kwe-European Union (i-EU), odokotela bezilwane abasemthethweni kumele babheke ukufaneleka kwezilwane ukuthi zingahamba yini.
“Izinkampani eziningi zezokuthutha aziyilandeli imithetho,” kubika uFrigga Wirths. Udokotela wezilwane kanye nososayensi wezolimo ubhekana nesihloko se-German Animal Welfare Association. Isheke emngceleni waseBulgaria-Turkey likhombise ukuthi phakathi kwehlobo lonyaka we-2017 nehlobo lika-2018, ukuthuthwa kwezilwane ezingama-210 kwezingu-184 kwenzeka emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kwama-30 degrees.
Umthethonqubo we-EU ngo-2005 wawungukuvumelana. Kubeka kuphela imithetho imithetho i-EU engavumelana ngayo. Kusukela lapho, ukuqiniswa kuye kwaxoxwa kaninginingi. Ikomidi eliphenya i-European Commission njengamanje liyabhekana nalo, kepha alikapheli iminyaka engu-15.
Amathole angafunwa muntu
Izinkinga zilele ngokujule kakhulu: I-EU ingomunye wabakhiqizi bobisi abakhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni. Ukuze izinkomo zesimanje ezisezingeni eliphezulu zinikeze ubisi oluningi ngangokunokwenzeka, kufanele zizale ithole cishe njalo ngonyaka. Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yezinkomo ezizalwe eYurophu zihlala ziphila ukuze kamuva zishintshe omama bazo endaweni yokusenga. Konke okunye kuhlatshwa noma kuthunyelwe kwamanye amazwe. Ngenxa yokuthi iYurophu ikhiqiza inyama eningi kakhulu, amanani entengo ayahla. Ngokwe-Animal Welfare Foundation, inkonyane liletha phakathi kwama-euro ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwangama-150, kuya ngohlobo lwalo, ubulili nezwe lalo. Ususa izilwane emazweni akude.
Ngokomthethonqubo wokuthuthwa kwezilwane e-EU, amathole amancane angahanjiswa amahora ayisishiyagalombili ngesikhathi izinsuku eziyishumi, yize esadinga ubisi lonina ukuthola umsoco. Vele, ngeke ubathole besendleleni.
Ukuthunyelwa kwe-Asia Ephakathi
Ukuthuthwa kwezilwane kuya eNyakatho Afrika, eMpumalanga Ephakathi kuze kufike nase-Asia Ephakathi. Amaloli ahambisa izinkomo zidlula eRussia ziye eKazakhstan noma e-Uzbekistan. Ngokomthetho wase-Europe, abathumeli bezimpahla kuzodingeka bethule futhi banakekele izilwane ezisendleleni. Kepha iziteshi ezihlinzekelwe lokhu zivame ukutholakala ephepheni kuphela. Isikhulu sezenhlalakahle eHessian uMadeleine Martin uvakashele izinsolo zokwehlisa nokuletha izinto eRussia ehlobo lika-2019. Amaphepha ezokuthutha akhombisa elilodwa emzaneni waseMedyn. “Kwakunebhilidi lamahhovisi lapho,” kubika uMartin nge-Deutschlandfunk. "Isilwane asikaze sehliswe lapho." Ube nokuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo nakwezinye iziteshi okusolwa ukuthi zidayisa izimpahla. Ngokombiko we-Deutschlandfunk, iqembu elisebenza ngokubambisana nohulumeni waseJalimane, obekufanele linakekele ukuthuthwa kwezilwane, "alikaze lihlangane kusukela ngo-2009". Umbiko kaMadelaine Martin ngesimo saseRussia "kuze kube manje awusanakwa".
E-EU futhi, izilwane azenzi kangcono kakhulu kwezokuthutha. "Amaloli agcwele izilwane eziphilayo amelela izinsuku emingceleni nasemachwebeni esikebhe," kubika uFrigga Wirths we-Animal Welfare Association. Abadlulisi bezimpahla abaningi basebenzise abashayeli abashibhile, baseMpumalanga Yurophu futhi baqoqa amaloli abo ngokugcwele ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukwehlisa isisindo somthwalo, bathatha amanzi amancane kakhulu nokudla. Akukho okulawula.
Ngaphandle koMthetho Wezempilo Yezilwane: amahora angama-90 ukuya eMorocco
Ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, abezindaba abaningana babika ngokuthuthwa kwezilwane ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-3.000 90 ukusuka eJalimane kuya eMorocco. Uhambo lwathatha amahora angaphezu kwama-XNUMX. Isizathu salokhu kuthuthwa kusolwa ukuthi lezi zinkunzi bezidingeka lapho ukusungula indawo yokuzalanisa.
I-Animal Welfare Association ayikholwa ukuthi iMorocco ifuna ukusungula imboni yobisi. Isikhulu sezokuphathwa kwezilwane kwaHesse uMadeleine Martin naye ubuza ukuthi kungani abantu bengathumeli inyama noma isidoda senkunzi ngaphandle kwezilwane eziphilayo. Impendulo yakho: "Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwenziwa ngoba ezolimo zethu kufanele zisuse izilwane, ngoba besinenqubomgomo yezolimo emakethe yomhlaba - eholwa yipolitiki - iminyaka eminingi, eminingi." Udokotela wezilwane uFrigga Wirths uyavuma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, empeleni kushibhile ukuhambisa ngezilwane izilwane eNyakatho Afrika noma e-Asia Ephakathi kunokuhambisa inyama efriziwe amabanga amade.
UNgqongqoshe uthi akuvunyelwe
UNgqongqoshe wezoLimo eLower Saxony uBarbara Otte-Kinast uzame le ntwasahlobo ukuvimba ukuthuthwa kwezinkomo ezingama-270 ezikhulelwe eziya eMorocco. Isizathu sabo: Izindinganiso zenhlalakahle yezilwane zaseJalimane bezingalandelwa lapho kushisa iNyakatho Afrika nezimo zobuchwepheshe lapho. Kodwa iNkantolo Yezokuphatha yase-Oldenburg yasusa ukuvinjelwa. Ungqongqoshe "uyazisola" ngalesi sinqumo futhi, njenge-Tierschutzbund ne-Animal Welfare, ubiza ukuthi "kuvinjelwe izwe lonke ukuthuthwa kwezilwane emazweni wesithathu lapho kungalandelwa khona ukuhambisana nenhlalakahle yezilwane - ngokushesha kuzoba ngcono!"
Eqinisweni, umbono wezomthetho egameni lesifundazwe saseNyakatho Rhine-Westphalia ufinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi isishayamthetho saseJalimane singavimbela ukuthunyelwa kwezilwane emazweni angaphandle kwe-EU uma izindinganiso zomthetho wokuvikela izilwane waseJalimane zingalandelwa lapho.
Isixazululo: umphakathi we-vegan
Ngenxa yenkinga yesimo sezulu esikhona, akusiyo nje Inhlangano Yezenhlalakahle Yezilwane kuphela ebona isixazululo esilula: “Sizoba umphakathi we-vegan.” Kakade, cishe ukukhishwa kwegesi engcolisa ukushisa komhlaba okungaba yingxenye yesihlanu kuya kwekota kuvela kwezolimo , futhi ingxenye enkulu kakhulu yalokhu ivela ekufuyeni izilwane. Abalimi batshala ukudla kwezilwane ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-70 omhlaba wezolimo emhlabeni.
Photo / Video: Ugogo.
