Umhlaba usuba ngcono, hhayi kubi!

Emakhulwini eminyaka amuva nje, inani labantu emhlabeni liye lenyuka ngokumangazayo kubantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa. Phakathi kwe-1900 ne-2000, ukwanda bekuphindwe kathathu kunawo wonke umlando wesintu ngaphambili - ukwanda kwe-1,5 kuya kubantu be-6,1 billion eminyakeni eyi-100 kuphela. Kepha nalapha kukhona intuthuko enhle ongayiphawula. Isibonelo, inani lokukhula lonyaka (ishadi) lamaphesenti we-2,1 selivele lehle ngamaphesenti we-1,2 (2015). Izibikezeli zikhuluma ngokuhla okukhulu kumaphesenti we-0,1 ukuya ngonyaka we-2100. Engxenyeni yokugcina yekhulu leminyaka, siphila ezweni lapho ukwanda kwenani labantu kuncipha. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, inani lomhlaba wonke le-2100 liba buthaka kubantu abakhulu be-11,2 billion, ngemuva kwalokho ukwehla kwenani labantu emhlabeni kubonakala kunokwenzeka.

Isikhathi sokuphila sikhule ngokushesha selokhu kukhanyiselwa. Kwi-19 yokuqala. Ngekhulu le-19, kwaqala ukwanda emazweni athuthukile, kanti kusaqhubeka kuphansi emhlabeni jikelele. Emashumini eminyaka amuva, ukungalingani komhlaba wonke kwehlile. Kusukela ngonyaka we-1900, isilinganiso sokuphila esilinganiswayo (graphic) sesiphindwe kabili kunalokho futhi manje semi iminyaka eyi-70.

Inkomba yezempilo ukulindelwa kweminyaka yobudala. I-1845 ibisenomehluko obalulekile: isikhathi sokuphila kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa sasiyiminyaka engu-40 kanye neminyaka ye-70 yeminyaka engu-79. Namuhla, leli banga lincane kakhulu - ukusuka ku-81 kuya ku-86. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ithuba lokufa esemncane selinciphile ngokuqinile. Ukulingana kwempilo sekukhuphukile kubo bonke abantu.

E-1820, kwakukhona cishe abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-1,1 emhlabeni, ababengaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane zama-1 baphila ebuphofini obukhulu (ngaphansi kwama-1.90 amadola ngosuku). Kusukela cishe nge-1970, siphila ezweni lapho inani labantu abampofu landa, kuyilapho inani labampofu lehle kakhulu. I-1970 2,2 billion yabantu ibiphila ngobumpofu obedlulele, i-2015 yayisisigidi se-705, cishe amaphesenti ayisishiyagalombili wabantu bomhlaba. Ukuqagela kwe-UN kukhombisa ukwehla kuya kumaphesenti amane ngonyaka we-2030.

I-United Nations "Hunger Indicator" ilinganisa inani labantu abasebenzisa inani elinganele lamakhalori angadingeka ukufeza izidingo zamandla zempilo esebenzayo nenempilo. Kunedatha embalwa kuphela kusuka ngaphambi kwe-1990. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nalapha, kukhona ukuthambekela okucacile. Ngokwemininingwane yakamuva evela eWelthunderhilfe, abantu abayizigidi ezingama-795 emhlabeni jikelele (2015) bathintekile yindlala.

Eminyakeni yokugcina ye-200, kuye kwaba nokukhula kancane kwentando yeningi, abaningi babuyela kuzimele ngaphambi kweMpi Yomhlaba Yesibili. Ukusuka ku-1945 inani lakhula futhi, laze lacishe laphindeka kabili phakathi kwe-1989 ne-1992 futhi lafika ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu lama-democracies e-2009 kusuka ku-89. Igrafu ikhombisa ukwaba kwabantu ngokuya ngohlelo lwepolitiki olufanele. Imibono eqondile icabanga ukuthi amaphesenti ama-12,5 kuphela wabantu emhlabeni ahlala entandweni yeningi ephelele.

Kube nenqubekela phambili enkulu kwezemfundo: Ngabe i-1800 isalokhu ingafundile i-88, le nombolo i-2014 yehle ngamaphesenti we-15. Kodwa-ke, kukhona amazwe asezungeze amaphesenti we-30 neNigeria, ngokwesibonelo. Izinga lemfundo likhuphuke kakhulu: igrafu ikhombisa uhlobo lwesikole esiphakeme kunazo zonke ngokwezinombolo eziphelele (igagasi libonisa nentuthuko yenani lomhlaba) kufaka phakathi isibikezelo se-IIASA kuze kube unyaka we-2100.