Sonja Bettel
Isisekelo sephiramidi yanamuhla yezidingo, kuthiwa ngamahlaya, asisekho izidingo zomzimba, kepha ibhethri ne-WLAN. Eqinisweni, i-intanethi isibe yingxenye yezimpilo zabantu abaningi. Kepha umhlaba omnandi online unezinhlangothi zawo zobumnyama: okuthunyelwe inzondo, ubugebengu be-cybercrime, ubushokobezi, ukukhohlisa, i-malware, amakhophi angekho emthethweni emisebenzi enelungelo lobunikazi futhi kubonakala sengathi kwenza i-Intanethi yomhlaba wonke ibe yindawo eyingozi.
Akumangalisi ukuthi i-European Union iya ngokwengeziwe izama ukulawula le ndawo ngemithetho.
Umthetho ophikisayo we-copyright
Into yokuqala copyright. Eminyakeni eminingi, kube nokuxoxisana okuningi ngokuthi ababhali bangavikeleka kanjani futhi baphinde baholelwe ngokwanele eminyakeni yobudala bedijithali uma kukopishwa imisebenzi yabo ngokungemthetho. Okungenani inqobo nje kukhona ukungalingani phakathi kokuqamba kanye namalebula nabashicileli. Isikhathi eside balala iqiniso lokuthi izethameli zathuthele kwi-Intanethi futhi azisayidli nje kuphela, kodwa futhi bazihlelela zona ngokwazo - ngamazwibela emisebenzi yabanye abantu. Lapho ukuthengiswa kwehla, bacela ukuhlanganyela kwimali engenayo ye-inthanethi. Abasebenzisi bafuna ilungelo lobunikazi elihlangabezana neqiniso lwanamuhla lobuchwepheshe nenhlalo.
Ngemuva komzabalazo omude, onzima, sekuvele isiqondisi se-copyright se-EU esidala inkathazo. Inkinga yenombolo yokuqala ngumthetho we-copyright ohlanganayo, onikeza abashicileli ilungelo elikhethekile lokwenza imikhiqizo yabo itholakale esidlangalaleni isikhathi esithile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinjini zokusesha, ngokwesibonelo, zingabonisa izixhumanisi zezindatshana ezinegama "elilodwa". Okokuqala, lokhu akucaci ngokomthetho, okwesibili, izixhumanisi ziyinto ebalulekile yeWorld Wide Web, futhi okwesithathu, umthetho wokuhlanganisa we-copyright eJalimane, lapho ubukhona kusukela ngo-2013, awuzange ulethe imali ebilindelwe ngabashicileli. I-Google yasabisa ukukhipha abashicileli baseJalimane futhi ngemuva kwalokho yathola ilayisense yamahhala Yezindaba zeGoogle.
Inkinga yenombolo yesibili yi-Article 13. Ngokusho kwalokhu, okuqukethwe kufanele kuhlolwe ukwephulwa kwe-copyright ngaphambi kokuthi kushicilelwe ezinkundleni zokuxhumana. Lokhu kungenzeka kuphela ngokuhlunga kokulayisha. Lokhu kunzima ukuzithuthukisa futhi kuyabiza, kusho uBernhard Hayden, isazi se-copyright senhlangano yamalungelo abantu indikimba.works: "Ngakho-ke amapulatifomu amancane azodlala okuqukethwe kwawo ngokusebenzisa izihlungi zamapulatifomu amakhulu, okuzoholela kwingqalasizinda yokucwaninga okuphakathi eYurophu." Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlungi azikwazi ukwahlukanisa ukuthi okuqukethwe kuphula umthetho we-copyright ngempela yini noma ngaphansi kokukhululwa okunjengokucekelwa phansi, ukubizela. njll. Lokhu okuhlukile kuhluke futhi ngokuya ngesilungu selungu le-EU. Isixazululo esithi "qaphela futhi wehlise" njenge-USA singasiza kakhulu, kusho uBernhard Hayden, lapho amapulatifomu kuphela okufanele asuse okuqukethwe uma ecelwe yigunya.
Ukuvota kusiqondiso se-copyright bekuvumela umthetho omncane ophikisanayo. Isimo sezomthetho sikazwelonke sinqunywa ngamazwe angamalungu e-EU uqobo, ngakho-ke ngeke sibe khona isisombululo esisebenzayo kuyo yonke indawo ye-EU.
Indoda yengilazi
Usizi oluzayo lokuxhumana ngocingo lusondele nje ekhoneni: i-E-Evidence Regulation. Lokhu okusalungiswa okuvela kuKhomishini ye-EU ekufinyeleleni komngcele kwidatha yomsebenzisi. Uma, njengomuntu wase-Austrian, ngisolwa, ngokwesibonelo, ngegunya laseHungary "losizo lokufuduka ngokungemthetho", ie ukwesekwa kwababaleki, angacela opharetha wenethiwekhi yami ephathekayo ukuthi banikeze ukuxhumana kwami ngocingo - ngaphandle kwenkantolo yase-Austrian. Umhlinzeki kuzodingeka ahlole ukuthi ngabe lokhu kuyalandelwa ngokusemthethweni noma cha. Lokhu kungasho ukuthi ukwenza umthetho ubheke ngasese, i-ISPA igxeka - Abahlinzeki Bezinsiza Ze-Intanethi e-Austria. Lolu lwazi luzodingeka futhi lunikezwe emahoreni ambalwa, kepha abahlinzeki abancane abanawo umnyango wezomthetho ngaso sonke isikhathi ngakho-ke bangaxoshwa ngokushesha emakethe.
Ehlobo lango-2018, iKhomishini ye-EU iphinde yathuthukisa umthetho wokulwa nokuqukethwe kwamaphekula, yize isiqondisi se-anti-ubuphekula saqala ukusebenza ngo-Ephreli 2017. Lapha futhi, abahlinzeki kufanele baphoqeleke ukuthi basuse okuqukethwe kungakapheli isikhathi esifushane ngaphandle kokuchaza ukuthi yini ngempela okuqukethwe amaphekula.
E-Austria, ukuchibiyelwa koMthetho Wokugunyazwa Kwezempi muva nje kubangele isasasa, okuhloswe ngalo ukwenza amasosha akwazi ukwenza amasheke uqobo uma kwenzeka "ethuka" kwi-Federal Army futhi acele imininingwane ephathelene nomakhalekhukhwini nedatha yokuxhumeka kwi-Intanethi. Isinyathelo esilandelayo kungenzeka ukuthi kube ngumthetho osalungiswa wokusetshenziswa kwamagama wangempela nezinye izinsimbi zokuqapha zikazwelonke ezingavimbela amalungelo ayisisekelo, kusho umphathi ophethe wenhlangano epicenter.works. "E-Austria kanye nasezingeni le-EU, kufanele sihlole yonke imithetho ebukwayo," kusho uThomas Lohninger.
I-SME vs. Imidondoshiya yenethiwekhi
Abasebenzisi be-Intanethi, okuwukuthi, sonke, kufanele futhi banake, ngoba emacaleni amaningi ama-ejensi okusebenzisa umthetho noma izinkampani ezinkulu ze-Intanethi ezisebenza emhlabeni wonke ziyahlomula ngemithetho emisha ye-Intanethi neye-telecom. Abakhokhi nentela kuze kufike lapho izinkampani ezincane kufanele. Lokhu manje sekuzoshintshwa ngentela yedijithali, ngokusho ukuthi i-Facebook, Google, Apple neCo kufanele bakhokhe intela lapho kuhlala khona amakhasimende abo. Into efana nalena icatshangelwa ezingeni le-EU; uhulumeni wase-Austrian umemezele isisombululo sawo esisheshayo. Lokhu kunengqondo kangakanani, noma ngabe iyahambisana nemithetho ekhona nokuthi izosebenza isavulekile yini.
Isimo esingokomthetho sehlulekile
Kunoma ikuphi, into eyodwa icacile: Imikhawulo esemthethweni yenethiwekhi ayisebenzi kangako kumsebenzisi ngamunye. Icala likaSigrid Maurer, ohlukunyezwe ngokocansi nge-Facebook futhi kumele akhokhe isinxephezelo ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwalesi sigameko, kodwa engakwazi ukuzivikela kulokhu kuhlukunyezwa, kukhombisa ukuthi umthetho wangempela usala ngemuva kakhulu ngokwenzondo eku-inthanethi. . Intatheli u-Ingrid Brodnig, obhale izincwadi ezikhuluma ngenzondo namanga ku-inthanethi, uveza ukuthi izinkampani ezinkulu ze-inthanethi zifuna ukucacelwa okuthe xaxa: “Ukuqala kokusebenzisa i-intanethi ukuthi bekuzosenza sibe umphakathi ovulekile. Eqinisweni, ngabasebenzisi kuphela abasobala, imiphumela yama-algorithms emphakathini ayibonakali. ”Kufanele, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi ososayensi bakwazi ukuzihlola ukuze bathole ukuthi kungani imiphumela ethile yokusesha noma okuthunyelwe ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kuboniswa ngokulandelana okuthile. Ukuze abathengi besikhulumi esikhulu bangabi bakhulu kakhulu futhi babe namandla amakhulu, ukuhunyushwa okunamandla komthetho wokuncintisana nakho kuzodingeka.
Photo / Video: Ugogo.
