Inhlabathi ephilayo: umhlaba olimekayo osezandleni zabalimi abaphilayo

nguRobert B. Fishman

Abalimi baseJalimane baphelelwa umhlaba. Abalimi basalima cishe ingxenye yendawo eJalimane. Kodwa umhlaba olimekayo uya ngokuya untuleka futhi umba eqolo. Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu: Njengoba ingasekho inzalo kuma-akhawunti asebhange namabhondi anesilinganiso esihle, abatshalizimali nabaqagelayo bathenga indawo yokulima eyengeziwe. Angeke kukhuliswe futhi kuya ngokuya kuncipha. Nsuku zonke eJalimane cishe amahektha angama-60 (1 ha = 10.000 square metres) omhlaba anyamalala ngaphansi kwetiyela nokhonkolo. Eminyakeni engu-15 edlule, cishe amakhilomitha-skwele ayizi-6.500 emigwaqo, izindlu, izimboni zezimboni nezinye izinto zakhiwe kuleli zwe. Lokhu kuvumelana cishe nezikhathi eziyisishiyagalombili endaweni yaseBerlin noma cishe ingxenye yesithathu yesifunda saseHesse.  

Ipulazi njenge-investimenti

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abalimi abaningi ezindaweni ezizungezile zamadolobha abizayo bathengisa umhlaba wabo njengendawo yokwakha. Ngemali etholakalayo bathenga amasimu ngaphandle. 

Ukufunwa okuphezulu kanye namanani aphansi okushayela okuhlinzekwayo. Enyakatho-mpumalanga yeJalimane, intengo yehektha elilodwa lomhlaba icishe yaphindeka kathathu kusukela ngo-2009 kuya ku-2018 yaya ku-avareji yama-euro angu-15.000; isilinganiso sezwe lonke singama-euro angu-25.000 namuhla, uma kuqhathaniswa nezingu-10.000 ngo-2008. Umagazini wezezimali i-Brokertest ubiza inani lentengo eliphakathi Ama-euro angama-2019 ngehektha ngalinye ngo-26.000 ngemuva kuka-9.000 ngo-2000.

“Umhlaba wezolimo uvamise ukuba wumgomo wokutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi eside okusanda kufinyelelwa ngawo intuthuko enhle kakhulu,” usho kanje. umnikelo Ngokuqhubekayo. Ngisho nezinkampani zomshwalense nabanikazi bezitolo zefenisha sebethenga izindawo zokulima. Isisekelo esiyimfihlo sendlalifa ye-ALDI u-Theo Albrecht junior sithole amahektha angu-27 omhlaba olimekayo namadlelo e-Thuringia ngama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-4.000. Kwe Umbiko we-Thünen we-Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture BMEL ubike ngo-2017 lokho ukuthi ezifundeni eziyishumi ezisempumalanga yeJalimane ingxenye enhle yesithathu yezinkampani zezolimo ingeyabatshalizimali bezifunda eziphezulu - futhi umkhuba uyakhula. 

Ukulima okuvamile kugezisa umhlabathi

Ezolimo ezisezingeni eliphezulu ziyabhebhethekisa inkinga. Njengoba inani labantu emhlabeni landa, nesidingo sokudla siyakhula. Abalimi bazama ukuvuna kakhulu endaweni eyodwa. Umphumela: Umhlabathi uyavuza futhi isivuno siyancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi udinga umhlabathi owengeziwe ngenani elifanayo lokudla. Ngaso leso sikhathi, amapulazi aguqula izindawo zibe izingwadule zommbila kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-monocultures. Isivuno sithuthela ezitshalweni ze-biogas noma eziswini zezinkomo nezingulube ezandayo, okwanelisa indlala yomhlaba wonke yenyama. Umhlabathi uyaguguleka futhi izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ziyaqhubeka nokuncipha.

 Ezolimo ezigxile ezimbonini ezinkulu, umanyolo omningi nezibulala-zinambuzane kanjalo nesomiso nezikhukhula ngenxa yenkinga yesimo sezulu nokusabalala kwezingwadule kucekele phansi cishe amaphesenti angama-40 omhlaba olimekayo emhlabeni wonke eminyakeni yamuva nje. Ukukhula kwesintu ukulambela inyama kudinga indawo eyengeziwe. Okwamanje khonza U-78% wendawo yokulima esetshenziselwa ukufuya noma ukutshala ukudla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amaphesenti ayisithupha kuphela ezinkomo kanye nengulube ngayinye ye-100 ekhula ngokuvumelana nemithetho yokulima okuphilayo.

Umhlaba usubiza kakhulu kubalimi abancane bezinto eziphilayo

Irenti ikhuphuka ngenani lomhlaba. Abalimi abasebasha ikakhulukazi abafuna ukuthenga noma ukwandisa ibhizinisi basesimweni esibucayi. Awunayo imali eyanele yokubhida kulawa manani. Lokhu kuthinta kakhulu amapulazi ezolimo esikhathi esifushane, angenayo inzuzo encane futhi amapulazi amancane kakhulu esimeme kakhudlwana futhi enobungani besimo sezulu basebenze kunozakwabo “abavamile”. 

"Izibulala-zinambuzane" ezinobuthi kanye nomanyolo wamakhemikhali akuvunyelwe ekulimeni okuphilayo. Ngokuphawulekayo izinambuzane eziningi nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ziphila emasimini aphilayo. Indawo yokuhlala amagciwane nezinye izinto eziphilayo igcinwa emhlabathini. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ziphezulu kakhulu ensimini ye-organic kunasesiqeshini somhlaba esilinywayo “esivamile”. Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba awangcoli kakhulu futhi inhlabathi inamathuba amaningi okuvuselela. Ucwaningo lwe Isikhungo saseThünen kanye nezinye izikhungo zocwaningo eziyisithupha ezigunyaze ukulima okuphilayo njengokuwonga kakhulu amandla futhi aphansi ekukhishweni kwe-CO2013 okuhlobene nendawo kanye nezinzuzo ekugcineni izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo: “Ngokwesilinganiso, inani lezinhlobo zezitshalo ezilinywayo laliphakeme ngamaphesenti angama-2 ekulimeni kwemvelo namaphesenti angama-95. phezulu ezinyonini zasendle." 

I-Organic inomusa esimweni sezulu

Uma kukhulunywa ngokuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu, futhi, "organic" imiphumela emihle: “Izilinganiso ezisetshenziswayo zibonisa ukuthi inhlabathi esendaweni yethu enesimo sezulu esishisayo ikhiqiza amagesi abamba ukushisa ambalwa ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwemvelo. Umhlabathi wezinto eziphilayo unokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaphesenti ayishumi ekhabhoni yenhlabathi ephilayo, ”kubike i-Thünen Institute ngo-2019.

Isidingo sokudla kwemvelo sikhulu kunokunikezwa

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abalimi be-organic eJalimane ngeke besakwazi ukuhambisana nesidingo esikhulayo ngokukhiqiza kwabo. Umphumela: iyanda imikhiqizo engenisiwe. Njengamanje cishe amaphesenti ayishumi amasimu eJalimane alinywa ngokulandela imithetho yokulima okuphilayo. I-EU kanye nohulumeni wobumbano waseJalimane bafuna ukuphinda kabili isabelo. Kodwa abalimi bezinto eziphilayo badinga umhlabathi owengeziwe. 

Yingakho ethenga Ukubambisana kwenhlabathi ye-Organic kusukela emalini yamalungu ayo (isheya libiza ama-euro ayi-1.000) umhlaba olimekayo kanye nezikhotha kanye nawo wonke amapulazi futhi uwaqashisela abalimi abaphilayo. Ishiya kuphela umhlaba kubalimi abasebenza ngokuhambisana neziqondiso zezinhlangano zokulima ezifana neDemeter, Naturland noma Bioland. 

"Umhlaba uza kithi ngabalimi," kusho okhulumela iBioBoden uJasper Holler. “Yilabo kuphela abangasebenzisa umhlaba unomphela abangaqinisa ngempela ukuvunda komhlabathi kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ibhodlela inhlokodolobha. "

"Umhlaba uza kithi," kuphendula umkhulumeli we-BioBoden uJasper Holler, ngesiphakamiso sokuthi umfelandawonye wakhe, njengomthengi owengeziwe, uzonyusa amanani omhlaba. 

“Asinyusi amanani ngoba sincike enanini elijwayelekile lomhlaba hhayi nje amanani ezimakethe futhi asibambi iqhaza ezindalini. 

I-BioBoden ithenga kuphela umhlaba odingwa abalimi njengamanje. Isibonelo: Umqashisi ufuna noma kufanele adayise umhlaba olimekayo. Umlimi osebenza umhlabathi akakwazi ukukukhokhela. Ngaphambi kokuthi umhlaba uye kubatshalizimali abavela ngaphandle kwemboni noma epulazini “ejwayelekile”, uthenga umhlaba ophilayo bese uqashisa umlimi ukuze aqhubeke.

Uma abalimi ababili bezinto eziphilayo benesithakazelo endaweni eyodwa, sizozama ukuthola isisombululo kanye nabalimi ababili.” Okhulumela inhlabathi ephilayo uJasper Holler. 

“U-1/3 wabalimi abasasebenza namuhla uzothatha umhlalaphansi eminyakeni eyi-8–12 ezayo. Abaningi babo bazothengisa izindawo zabo namapulazi abo ukuze baphile ngenzuzo lapho sebekhulile. ” Umkhulumeli we-BioBoden uJasper Holler

"Isidingo esikhulu"

“Isidingo sikhulu,” kubika uHoller. Umfelandawonye uthenga umhlaba ngamanani emakethe kuphela ngokwenani lomhlaba elijwayelekile, awubambi iqhaza ezindalini futhi awuhlali kuwo uma, ngokwesibonelo, B. abalimi abaningana bezinto eziphilayo baqhudelana ngesiqeshana somhlaba. Noma kunjalo, i-BioBoden ibingathenga izinkambu eziningi kakhulu uma ibinayo imali. U-Holler uveza ukuthi eminyakeni embalwa ezayo "cishe ingxenye yesithathu yabalimi abasebenzayo njengamanje bazothatha umhlalaphansi". Abaningi babo kwakuzodingeka balidayise ipulazi ukuze bathole imihlomulo yabo yomhlalaphansi. Ukuze kuvikelwe lo mhlaba wokulima, inhlabathi ephilayo isadinga imali eningi.

“Kumele sicabange kabusha indlela esiyisebenzisa ngayo. Ihlathi lemvula liyasuswa ukuze kukhiqizwe inyama lapha kanye nenyama ethengwa kwamanye amazwe. "

Eminyakeni eyisithupha selokhu yasungulwa, lo mfelandawonye uthi uthole amalungu angu-5.600 alethe ama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-44. I-BioBoden ithenge amahektha angu-4.100 omhlaba namapulazi angama-71, isibonelo: 

• e-Uckermark umfelandawonye wezolimo ophelele onamahektha angaphezu kuka-800 omhlaba. Lokhu manje sekusetshenziswa yiBrodowin organic farm. Ngisho namapulazi amancane kusukela ezinkulisa zaseSolawi kuya ezindaweni zokudayisa iwayini anomhlaba ovikelwe umfelandawonye.
• Ngenxa yosizo lwe-BioBoden, izinkomo zomlimi ophilayo zidla esiqhingini esivikela izinyoni e-Szczecin Lagoon.
• E-Brandenburg, umlimi utshala ngempumelelo ama-walnuts e-organic emasimini e-organic. Kuze kube manje, amaphesenti angama-95 alokhu angenisiwe.

I-BioBoden iphinde inikeze izingqungquthela zokuqeqesha kanye nezinkulumo emanyuvesi ukuze kusekelwe abazoba abalimi bezinto eziphilayo lapho besungula amabhizinisi abo.

"Siqashisa umhlaba kubalimi bezinto eziphilayo iminyaka engu-30 ngezinketho zokunweba njalo kwe-10 eminye iminyaka engu-30." 

Inani lamalungu e-BioBoden liyaqhubeka nokukhula. Ngo-2020 umfelandawonye waqopha ukukhula okukhulu emlandweni wawo omfushane. Amalungu atshala imali ngenxa yemibono emihle. Abayitholi imbuyiselo okwamanje, ngisho noma lokhu "kungakhishiwe" ngokuzayo.

“Nathi sesakhe isisekelo. Umhlaba namapulazi banganikezwa ngaphandle kwentela. I-BioBoden Foundation yethu ithole amapulazi amane nomhlaba omningi olimekayo eminyakeni emine. Abantu bafuna ukuthi amapulazi abo agcinelwe ukulima ngokwemvelo.”

Umfelandawonye njengamanje usasebenza ngomqondo wokuthi amalungu angahlomula kanjani emikhiqizweni yamapulazi. Kwesinye isikhathi bangathenga ku-inthanethi e-BioBoden-Höfe.

Ulwazi lwe-BioBoden:

Noma ubani othenga amasheya amathathu wama-euro angu-1000 lilinye kwa-BioBoden uxhasa ngezimali isilinganiso somhlaba esingamamitha-skwele angu-2000. Ngokwezibalo kuphela, leyo yindawo oyidingayo ukondla umuntu.