Umphakathi ngaphandle kwesizathu

"Thina bantu sinesiphiwo sokucabanga, kepha lokhu akuhambisani nokwenza izinto ngobuhlakani."

U-Elisabeth Oberzaucher, University of Vienna

Uma ubheka okuqhubekayo, ngeke ukwazi ukusiza kodwa uzibuze ukuthi Carl von Linnaeus ukhethe igama elifanele lezinhlobo zethu: IHomo sapiens imele “ukuqonda, ukuqonda” noma “ohlakaniphile, okhaliphile, okhaliphile, oqondayo”, okungasho neze izenzo zethu empilweni yansuku zonke. Ngokuqondile, thina bantu siphiwe ukucabanga, kepha lokhu akufani nokwenza ngokuqonda. Kuvela kuphi lokhu kuntuleka kokuvumelana, okuvame ukuholela ezinqumweni ezingenangqondo ngalutho? Ingabe siwumphakathi ongenasizathu?

Ukuqashelwa kwe-Homo sapiens kususelwa ekwakhiweni kwezinto ezindala noma ezingaphansi ezindala. Lokhu kwavela emlandweni wokuziphendukela kwemvelo futhi kwasiza okhokho bethu ukuba babhekane nezinselele zendawo abahlala kuyo. Kodwa-ke, manje, imvelo yokuphila kwabantu banamuhla ihluke kakhulu kulokho endulo esasidala khona.

Isizathu emlandweni wokuziphendukela kwemvelo

Ekuhambeni komlando wethu wokuziphendukela kwemvelo, kuye kwenziwa ama-algorithms okucabanga asetshenziselwa ukuthola izinqumo ezifanele ngokushesha. Amandla walezi zama-algorithms alele ngejubane lawo, kepha ngaphandle kwezindleko. Basebenza ngezilinganiso kanye nokungaqiniseki okwenza bakwazi ukwenza isinqumo ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Lokhu kwalula kusho ukuthi akuwona wonke amaqiniso asindwa ngokucophelela komunye nomunye, kodwa kunalokho, ngokuzenzakalelayo, okuqhamuka esiswini, kwenziwa isahlulelo esicabangayo. Le ndlela yokuqondisa 'phezulu kwesithupha' ayimfihlo eqhathaniswa nokucabanga ngamabomu futhi imvamisa imbi ngokuphelele. Ikakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngezinqumo ezindaweni ezihluke kakhulu ezinkingeni zethu zokuvela kwemvelo, izinqumo ezenziwa ngale ndlela zingaba nephutha ikakhulukazi. Noma kunjalo, sithanda ukwethemba futhi sivame ukwethemba umuzwa wethu wesisu kanye nolwazi lwethu olunembile. Khombisa nsuku zonke futhi kaninginingi ukuthi ubuchopho bethu buyazimela. Kungani singenangqondo futhi singabaza le mibono enengqondo?

I-Lazy Brain Hypothesis

I-cortex yamakhorali ye-Homo sapiens is ngokweqile; ngosayizi nobunzima be-neocortex, sishiya ezinye izinhlobo ngemuva. Ngaphezulu kwalokhu, lesi sitho siyachitheka kakhulu: asigcini nje ngokuba yinkimbinkimbi ukuqeqesha, kodwa futhi sidinga amandla amaningi ukuze sisebenze. Uma manje sesikwazi ukuthenga isitho sikanokusho, umbuzo uphakama ukuthi kungani kungafanele sisisebenzise ngenhloso ukuthola izinqumo ezizwakalayo. Impendulo yi- "Lazy Brain Hypothesis", ukuqonda kwengqondo okuvilaphayo. Lokhu kubeka phansi ukuthi ubuchopho bethu buqhamuke nentandokazi yezinto ezisho umzamo omncane ekwenzeni. Umzamo omncane ubandakanyeka ekucubungululeni uma uthembela kuma-algorithms amadala, enza lula ukuqonda. Akukhathalekile ukuthi lokhu akuholeli ezimpendweni ezifanele inqobo nje uma izinqumo eziphumayo zilungile.

Ingqondo ingenza kube lula ngisho nangokungacabangi nakancane, kepha ishiye imicabango kwabanye. Izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zinethuba lokuthuthukisa uhlobo lobuhlakani bezinyoni ngokusabalalisa imisebenzi yokuqonda phakathi kwabantu abaningana. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi kungagcini ngokuhlukanisa ama-Teaser wobuchopho ngaphezulu kwamakhanda amaningi ukuze asindise umsebenzi ngamunye, kodwa futhi neziphetho ezifinyelelwe ngabantu zingasindwa ngokumelene nabanye.

Emvelweni wokuzivumelanisa nokuvela kokuziphendukela kwemvelo, besihlala emaqenjini amancane, lapho amasistimu okushintshana okuhlanganisiwe asungulwa kahle. Kulezi zinhlelo, izimpahla ezibonakalayo njengokudla, kodwa futhi nezinto ezingaphatheki, ezinjengokunakekelwa, ukusekelwa kanye nokwaziswa, zashintshwa. Njengoba amaqembu ngamanye ayancintisana, ukwethembana kwakuqondiswe ikakhulu kumalungu eqembu.

Izindaba ezingamanga, i-Facebook ne-Co - umphakathi ongenasizathu?

Yini esikhathini esidlule sethu sokuziphendukela kwemvelo okwakungukulungiswa okufanelekile, okuholela namuhla ekuziphatheni okungenalutho kodwa kuhlakaniphile futhi kufanelekile.

Siyasethemba isahlulelo somuntu owaziwa kahle kithi ngaphezu kochwepheshe abafakazelwe esingaziwa thina. Leli siko lobuhlakani be-regars - elingahle lifanelwe igama lama-regulars 'ubuwula - lithuthukiswe kakhulu ngemithombo yezokuxhumana. Ku-Facebook, kuTwitter naku-Co, wonke umuntu unethuba elifanayo lokuveza umbono wakhe, kungakhathalekile ukuthi uneziqu ezinjani nolwazi ngesihloko. Ngasikhathi sinye, sikwazi ukufinyelela emaqinisweni amaningi kanye nemininingwane enemininingwane kunanini ngaphambili.

Isikhathi sokuthola ulwazi sisho ukuthi ngenkathi sikwazi ukufinyelela olwazini, sikhungatheka ngenani lemininingwane eminingi ngoba asikwazi ukukuqonda konke. Kungakho siphindela emuva ezindleleni ezindala zokucabanga: Siyazethemba izitatimende zalabo esibaziyo, noma ngabe laba bantu bazi okungaphezu kwethu. Phakathi kokunye, lokhu kubhekene neqiniso lokuthi izindaba eziqanjiwe ziyajikeleza ezinkundleni zokuxhumana nokuthi kubonakala kungenakwenzeka ukuzazi kahle. Uma umbiko wamanga uzungeza, kuthatha imizamo eminingi ukuwulungisa futhi. Lokhu kungabangelwa yizimbangela ezimbili: Okokuqala, kukhona nemibiko engamanga ekhangayo ngoba ayizindaba ezingajwayelekile futhi ukuqonda kwethu kuhloselwe ukunaka ngokukhethekile izinto eziphambukayo kulokho okujwayelekile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubuchopho bethu buvilapha ukufunda ngokushintsha ngokunqikaza imiqondo yabo uma sekufinyelelwe esiphethweni.

Ngakho-ke ingabe lokhu kusho ukuthi asivezi ubuwula nokuthi asinandlela yokubhekana nakho futhi ngaleyo ndlela sifeze igama lethu? Amaphethini wokucabanga okuvela emvelweni awenzi lula kithi, kepha ngasikhathi singeke kwenzeke. Uma sihlala emuva futhi sincika kuphela kumaphethini wokuziphendukela kwemvelo, kuyisinqumo okufanele sisimele. Ngoba empeleni sinengqondo, futhi uma sisebenzisa ubuchopho bethu, ekugcineni singaba abantu abanengqondo.

Ithemba njengesixazululo somphakathi ngaphandle kwesizathu?
Encwadini yakhe yakamuva kakhulu, “Ukukhanyiselwa Manje,” kuyachaza UStephen Pinker umbono wakhe ngesimo sobuntu kanye nomhlaba. Ngokuphikisana nendlela engazizwa ngayo, impilo iya ngokuya iphephe, inempilo, iba nodlame kancane, ichuma kakhudlwana, ifundiswa kangcono, ibekezelela ngokwengeziwe futhi yanelisa ngokwengeziwe emhlabeni jikelele. Yize ezinye intuthuko zezepolitiki zibonakala zibuyela emuva futhi zisongela umhlaba, intuthuko enhle isekhona. Ichaza izinsika ezine eziyinhloko: inqubekela phambili, isizathu, isayensi kanye nobuntu, ekhonza isintu futhi okufanele ilethe impilo, impilo, injabulo, inkululeko, ulwazi, uthando kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okucebile.
Uchaza ukucabanga okuyinhlekelele njengengozi engcupheni ngayinye: kuholela enkambisweni yokwethemba yokulungiswa komphumela omubi kakhulu nokwenza izinqumo ezingalungile ngokwethuka. Ukwesaba nokuphelelwa yithemba kwenza izinkinga zibonakale njengezingaxazululeki, futhi ukungakwazi ukwenza okuthile kulinde okungafinyeleleki. Kungethemba lokuthi ungabuyisela izinketho zomklamo emuva. Ukuhlwaya amathemba akusho ukuthi uhlala emuva ungenzi lutho, kepha ukuthi ubona izinkinga njengezixazululekayo ngakho-ke kuzisombulule. UPaul Romer, uMklomelo weNobel kulo nyaka we-Economics, ubeka ukuthi ithemba lokunye ingxenye yento egqugquzela abantu ukuthi babhekane nezinkinga ezinzima.
Uma siphumelela ukuba nolwazi lweqiniso sokulindela okuhle izisekelo ezidingekayo zikhona ukubhekana nezinselelo zesikhathi sethu. Ukwenza lokhu, noma kunjalo, kudingeka sinqobe ukwesaba kwethu futhi sigcine ingqondo evulekile.

Photo / Video: Ugogo.