Clara Landler
"Kumele sibhekisise indlela izindaba (ezimbi) ezethulwa ngayo kwabezindaba, kanye nezikhathi zokuthintana nezindaba, ukuvimbela abantu ukuthi bathonywe ukugxeka."
Kusuka encwadini ethi Ingabe izindaba zisenza singajabuli?, 2019
Ufika ukhululekile ehholo lokufika esiteshini sesitimela edolobheni lakho futhi ubheke phambili ekufikeni ekhaya ukhululekile. Nokho, sezivele zikhona, izithombe zezinhlekelele zokugcina ziyacwayiza ezikrinini zolwazi, ezingagwemeka neze. Omunye umdlalo ulandela olandelayo, ukwanda kwezifo ezintsha ze-corona ezishintshana nezinhlekelele zemvelo, imibiko yezimpi, ukuhlasela kwamaphekula, ukubulawa kwabantu namahlazo enkohlakalo. Kubonakala sengathi akukho ukubalekela ukuphuthuma kolwazi olubi olugcwele ngokweqile - futhi azikho izimpendulo zombuzo othi "Yini manje?".
Lesi simo sinezizinda eziningi, eziye zaphenywa kabanzi yimikhakha eminingi yesayensi. Imiphumela ngokuvamile iyaphikisana futhi iyasangulukisa, futhi akukho okutholakele okubhekwa njengokuthembekile. Okuqinisekile, nokho, ukuthi ukukhethwa kwalokho okuba yizindaba kuvela emkhakheni oyinkimbinkimbi wokuncika. Ukukubeka kalula, kungashiwo ukuthi abezindaba kufanele bazixhase ngokwezimali futhi kulo mongo bancike kakhulu kwezepolitiki namabhizinisi. Uma abafundi abaningi bengafinyelelwa, aba ngcono amathuba okuba bakwazi ukuthola uxhaso lwezimali.
Ubuchopho bucashelwe engozini
Ukuze kudonswe ukunakwa okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, isimiso salandelwa isikhathi eside kakhulu: "izindaba ezimbi kuphela ziyizindaba ezinhle". Lokho ukungabi nandaba isebenza kahle kakhulu kulokhu ihlobene kakhulu nendlela ubuchopho bethu obusebenza ngayo. Kucatshangwa ukuthi, ngenxa yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ukuqashelwa ngokushesha kwengozi kumelele inzuzo ebalulekile yokusinda nokuthi ubuchopho bethu bulolongwa ngendlela efanele.
Ikakhulukazi izifunda zethu zobuchopho ezindala kakhulu njenge-brainstem kanye ne-limbic system (ikakhulukazi i-hippocampus enokuxhumana kwayo okuqinile ku-amygdala) isabela ngokushesha ekushukumiseni imizwa kanye nezingcindezi. Konke okuvelayo okungasho ingozi noma insindiso kakade kuholela ekuphenduleni esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba ezinye izingxenye zethu zobuchopho zibe nesikhathi sokuhlunga ulwazi olumunceke kangaka. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi sonke sine-reflex yokusabela ngamandla kakhulu ezintweni ezingezinhle, futhi kubhalwe kahle ukuthi ulwazi olubi lucutshungulwa ngokushesha nangokujulile kunolwazi oluhle futhi ngokuvamile lukhunjulwa kangcono. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi "i-negativity bias".
Imizwa enamandla kuphela enikeza umphumela ofanayo. Zingasetshenziswa futhi ukugxilisa ukunaka ngokushesha nangokujulile. Kuyasithinta lokho okusondela kithi. Uma okuthile kukude, kudlala indima engaphansi kobuchopho bethu ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lapho sizizwa sithinteka ngokuqondile, kulapho sisabela kakhulu. Izithombe, isibonelo, zinamandla kunamagama. Bakha inkohliso yokusondelana kwendawo.
Ukubika nakho kulandela lo mqondo. Izindaba zasendaweni nazo zingaba “zinhle” ngezikhathi ezithile. Umsebenzi wokucima umlilo owaziwa yiwo wonke umuntu edolobheni ungaba izindaba ephepheni lendawo lapho ehlenga izinyane likamakhelwane esihlahleni. Kodwa-ke, uma umcimbi ukude, udinga ukukhuthazwa okunamandla njengokumangala noma ukuzwa ukuze ubekwe kusigaba njengesibalulekile ebuchosheni bethu. Le miphumela ingabonwa kahle kakhulu emhlabeni wezindaba ze-tabloid, phakathi kokunye. Nokho, lomqondo unemiphumela efinyelela kude ezindabeni zomhlaba nakithi njengabantu ngabanye.
Sibona umhlaba kabi kakhulu
Umphumela wokugxila ekubikweni okubi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, unemiphumela ecacile kumuntu ngamunye. Ithuluzi elivame ukucashunwa ngokuphathelene nokubona kwethu umhlaba “ukuhlolwa kolwazi” okwasungulwa umcwaningi wezempilo waseSweden uHans Rosling. Okwenziwa emhlabeni wonke emazweni angaphezu kwe-14 anabantu abayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa, njalo kuholela kumphumela ofanayo: Sihlola isimo emhlabeni kabi kakhulu kunalokho esiyikho ngempela. Ngokwesilinganiso, ngaphansi kwengxenye yesithathu yemibuzo eyi-13 elula yokukhetha ephendulwa ngokuyikho.
I-Negativity - Ukwesaba - Ukungabi namandla
Manje kungase kucatshangwe ukuthi umbono ongemuhle ngezwe ungase ukhulise ukuzimisela ukushintsha okuthile futhi usebenze ngokwakho. Imiphumela evela ku-psychology ne-neuroscience ipenda isithombe esihlukile. Ucwaningo ngemiphumela engokwengqondo yokubika okubi lubonisa, isibonelo, ukuthi ngemva kokubuka izindaba ezingezinhle ku-TV, imizwa engemihle njengokukhathazeka nayo iyanda.
Ucwaningo luphinde lwabonisa ukuthi imiphumela elinganisekayo yokubika okungalungile ibuyela kuphela esimweni sangempela (ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa kwezindaba) eqenjini locwaningo okwabe sekuhambisana nokungenelela kwengqondo okufana nokuphumula okuqhubekayo. Imiphumela emibi engokwengqondo yaqhubeka eqenjini lokulawula ngaphandle kokusekelwa okunjalo.
Ukungabi bikho kwemidiya nakho kungaba nomphumela ophambene: umuzwa wokungabi namandla nokungabi namandla kuyanda, futhi umuzwa wokukwazi ukwenza umehluko uyalahleka. Ubuchopho bethu bungena "kwimodi yenkinga yengqondo", ibhayoloji yethu ibhekana nengcindezi. Asifundi ukuthi yini esingayenza ukuze siguqule okuthile. Sifunda ukuthi asikho isidingo sokubhekana.
Ukukhungatheka kukwenza uvikeleke ezingxabanweni, amasu okubhekana nakho ayikho konke okudala inkohliso yokulondeka, njengokuthi: ukubheka kude, ukugwema izindaba ngokuvamile ("ukugwema izindaba"), ukulangazelela okuthile okuhle ("ukubalekela") - noma ngisho nokusekela. emphakathini kanye / noma imibono - kuze kufike kumathiyori wokwakha uzungu.
Ukungaboni kahle kwabezindaba: yini ngempela engenziwa?
Izixazululo zingatholakala emazingeni ahlukene. Ezingeni lobuntatheli, izindlela ze-"Positive Journalism" kanye "ne-Constructive Journalism" zazalwa. Okufana ngazo zombili lezi zindlela ukuthi zizibona ziphikisana “nokuchema okungalungile” ekubikweni kwabezindaba kwakudala futhi zombili zithembele kakhulu ezisombululweni ezisekelwe ezimisweni “zesayensi yengqondo evumayo”. Ngakho-ke okuphakathi kungamathuba, izixazululo, imibono yokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nezinselele ezihlukahlukene zezwe eliyinkimbinkimbi.
Kodwa kukhona futhi izixazululo ezakhayo ngabanye kunamasu okubhekana nawo okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla. Indlela eyaziwayo eye yafakazelwa ukuthi ikhuthaza ukuba nethemba futhi inciphise “ukuchema okungathandeki” ingatholakala kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi umkhuba wokucabangela - obuye wabonakala ezindleleni eziningi zokwelapha. Kuhlale kubalulekile ukwakha amathuba amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uzibophe ngokuqaphela "lapha futhi manje". Amasu asetshenziswayo asukela ekuzilolongeni ukuphefumula, izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuzindla kuya ekuzilolongeni ngokomzimba. Ngokuzijwayeza okuncane, enye yezimbangela eziyinhloko zokufunwa ngokweqile kanye nokungabi namandla okuba umphumela kungaxazululwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi - okungenani inqobo nje uma imbangela yokucindezeleka komuntu ngamunye okuhlangenwe nakho ingatholakala ngempela ngaphandle futhi ingabuyeli ekujuleni- kuhlezi izigxivizo zakuqala: ingcindezi evamise ukuhlanganisa yonke into eyenzeka emzimbeni womuntu , ehlala ihambisana nomphakathi wethu namuhla.
Photo / Video: Ugogo.
