Amadolobha ahlakaniphile - ahlakaniphile ngempela??

IZINGOZI NEMIPHUMELA EPHATHELENE YOKUFAKA IDIGITALI

Umnotho, oholwa yizinkampani zobuchwepheshe, nabasizi bazo kwezombusazwe nabezindaba abakhathali ukudumisa izibusiso zesimanje, ezixhunywe ngokugcwele, izinhlelo ezilawulwa yi-AI. Zonke izindawo zempilo yomphakathi, njengezokuthutha, imithi, imfundo, ulwazi, ezokuzijabulisa kanye nokuxhumana kufanele zihlomule kulokhu "kugxuma kwe-technological quantum"...

Kodwa sidinga okungakanani ngempela? Izingozi nemiphumela engemihle yalobu buchwepheshe ishanelwa ngaphansi kwetafula.

• Ukulawula Okuphelele Nokuqapha
• "Imfundo" ekusetshenzisweni ngokweqile nokuxhashazwa ngokweqile kwemvelo njengomphumela
• Ukuncika ngokuphelele ezinhlelweni zedijithali
• Ukushintshwa komsebenzi womuntu nezinqumo ngamasistimu asekelwa yi-AI
• Ukuchayeka emisebeni okungenakugwemeka yonke indawo
• Impilo mbumbulu yemishini esikhundleni sempilo yangempela emadolobheni ethu

Ukwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kwamandla nezinto zokusetshenziswa

Uyini umbono wedolobha elihlakaniphile? Wonke amadivaysi angenzeka kufanele abe "smart" - okungukuthi, afakwe ubuchwepheshe bokudlulisa nokwamukela. Ngokurekhoda okuzenzakalelayo okungenamthungo, ukudluliswa nokucutshungulwa kwayo yonke idatha yokusetshenziswa (ugesi, amanzi, igesi, njll.), ukuhlinzekwa kufanele kuthuthukiswe futhi kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa. Okuthi uma uthi nhlá kubonakala kuyindlela encomekayo kuvele kube inkohliso uma uyihlolisisa.

Ukufundwa okuzenzakalelayo, ukudluliswa nokugcinwa kwedatha esetshenziswayo kukodwa kubiza ugesi omningi kunanoma yinini ebingagcinwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke amafulethi avezwa unomphela emisebeni yomsakazo futhi ukungahloniphi kwefulethi ngokoMthetho Oyisisekelo akunakwa.

Imishini enobuchwepheshe bokudlulisa nokwamukela, nayo, ikhulisa kakhulu isidingo samaminerali ayivelakancane, anomkhawulo njenge-coltan ne-lithium. Lawa amaminerali avame ukukhishwa ngaphansi kwezimo eziyinhlekelele zemvelo nezenhlalo (ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ezindaweni ezomile, ukusetshenzwa kwezingane, ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwezimpi zombango, njll.). Ugesi oshayela konke lokhu nawo kufanele uphehlwe ngandlela thize. Uma uqhathanisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla emhlabeni wonke, i-inthanethi "iyizwe" elinokusetshenziswa kukagesi okwesithathu ngobukhulu ngemuva kwe-China ne-USA, kulandele i-EU. Zonke izibikezelo zokusetshenziswa ezifanele zikhomba phezulu. Kukhona nombuzo wokuthi singawukhiqiza yini ugesi ongaka ngendlela ehambisana nesimo sezulu? 

Ubumfihlo, Ukubhekwa kanye Nentando Yeningi

I-Smart Cities njengomshayeli oyinhloko wenguquko yedijithali isekelwe "Kudatha Enkulu", okungukuthi ukwazi njalo ukuthi umuntu ngamunye ukuphi, ukuthi ucabangani nokuthi wenzani.

Wake wazibuza ukuthi kwenzakalani ngedatha yakho eqoqwe futhi yasakazwa yilawa madivayisi "ahlakaniphile"? Ubani onokufinyelela? Kufanele futhi uqaphele ukuthi idatha ebucayi kakhulu nayo iyaqoqwa futhi idluliselwe - isb idatha yezempilo yomuntu siqu esimweni se-telemedicine.

Izindlela zokuqoqwa kwedatha, ukucutshungulwa kwedatha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwedatha kuya ngokuya kuba namandla, njengokuqaphela ubuso okuzenzakalelayo, ukuqaphela imizwelo, ukuxhumanisa idatha esuka emithonjeni ehlukahlukene kumaphrofayela womuntu siqu, ukwethulwa kwenombolo kamazisi yesakhamuzi, ukuhlolwa kwedatha yokuxhumana nesikhundla, ukusetshenziswa kwalawa maphrofayili ukuhlonza abantu ukuze basebenzise ulwazi oluhlungiwe futhi olucutshunguliwe ngokukhethekile. 

Kakade ku-Smart City Charter kahulumeni wobumbano (May 2017) ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Visions of a hyper-networked planet" okulandelayo kufakwe ohlwini njengombono okungenzeka noma ukuphazamiseka [1]: "Umphakathi wangemuva kokuvota - Njengoba sazi kahle lokho abantu abakwenzayo nabakufunayo, sincane isidingo sokhetho, ukuvota kweningi noma ukuvota”. Idatha yokuziphatha ingangena esikhundleni sentando yeningi njengohlelo lombiko womphakathi. Izinqubo zokuthatha izinqumo zentando yeningi zithathelwa indawo ama-algorithms e-artificial intelligence (AI). I-Amnesty International iphinde igxeke isibopho sokuhlola idatha yomuntu siqu ngedijithali. [2] 

Ngeke sikwazi ukukucabanga okwamanje, kodwa izinkampani ezinkulu zaseJalimane nezamazwe ngamazwe sezivele zihweba "ngegolide lekhulu lama-21" - ngamaphrofayela ethu edatha yomuntu siqu. Kuzokwenzekani uma zonke izisetshenziswa ezisendlini ehlakaniphile / idolobha elihlakaniphile zixhunywe kunethiwekhi futhi idatha yethu yabasebenzisi ithunyelwa isuka emshinini iye komunye, igcinwe, ihlolwe futhi isetshenziswe ngokunenzuzo? Ekugcineni, lokhu kungaholela ekuphucweni amalungelo ezakhamuzi! Izinqubo zokuthatha izinqumo zentando yeningi zithathelwa indawo ama-algorithms e-artificial intelligence (AI), "inethiwekhi yethu ehlakaniphile" "ingadunwa" abanye futhi basetshenziswe ngokumelene nathi. 

Kafushane, lezi zimo ezilandelayo zingenzeka:

A) Isimo se-"Big Brother".
Umbuso wobushiqela usebenzisa wonke la mathuba ukuze ugcine izakhamuzi zilawulwa futhi uvale ukugxekwa, bheka i-China.

B) Isimo "Umama Omkhulu"
Izinkampani ezigxile enzuzweni zisebenzisa wonke lawa mathuba ukuze ziqondise indlela abantu abaziphatha ngayo ekusetshenzisweni ngokweqile, bona i-Amazon, i-Google, i-Facebook, njll. Nalapha, futhi, kwenziwa imizamo yokunqanda izindlela ezibucayi zesistimu nezinye izindlela zokudala. 

Ukuhlaselwa kwe-Hacker nokwehluleka kwesistimu

Ingqalasizinda efiselekayo, enenethiwekhi ngokuphelele kanye nokunciphisa izikhathi zokudluliswa kwedatha kukhulisa amathuba okuhlaselwa kwama-hacker. Njengoba amadivayisi "ahlakaniphile" evamise ukuhlanganiswa kunethiwekhi ekhona ngaphandle kokuvikelwa, kulula kubahlaseli ukuthi bagxume besuka kudivayisi eyodwa baye kwelandelayo futhi bafake wonke amadivayisi abonakalisiwe ku-botnet, isibonelo, futhi basebenzise "ukuhlaselwa kwesevisi okusabalalisiwe" (DDoS) ukuhlasela. I-Twitter, i-Netflix, i-CNN kanye naseJalimane i-VW, i-BMW, ​​izikhungo zikagesi kanye ne-akhawunti ye-imeyili yeShansela sezithintekile.

Ungacabanga ukuthi kusho ukuthini uma izigebengu zikhubaza ohulumeni noma amasistimu okuphakela amaphakathi afana nogesi, amanzi, igesi, izingcingo, njll.? Noma i-administration? Noma umtholampilo? Ngezigidigidi zamadivayisi anenethiwekhi, lokhu ngeke kusalawuleka [3]

Ukwenyuka kwemisebe nobungozi bezempilo

Ngenxa yoxhumo olungenantambo lwamadivayisi kule nethiwekhi "ehlakaniphile" kanye nenani elanda kakhulu lokudluliswa kwedatha yedijithali, umthwalo kazibuthe osuka kumsakazo we-microwave oshayelayo uzokhuphuka kakhulu. Izimoto zethu zesimanje sezivele ziyizihlilingi zangempela zomsakazo. Ngemiphumela engalindelekile kubantu nemvelo! Ucwaningo olwenziwe nguhulumeni waseSwitzerland lusanda kukhombisa ukuthi ukuchayeka isikhathi eside komakhalekhukhwini kungalimaza amaseli futhi kudale izifo eziwohlokayo njengomdlavuza. [4]

Kubantu abangezwani nogesi, okungukuthi abantu asebevele behlushwa yizimpawu, ezinye zazo ezinzima, ngenxa yokunukubezeka kwemvelo okwandayo kagesi, ukuvakashela enkabeni yedolobha njenge-Kempten kungenxa yokuminyana okuphezulu kwama-transmission mast, izindawo eziningi ze-WLAN hotspots kanye nabantu abaningi abahamba ne-smartphone yakho evuliwe kakade sekuyinkinga. - Uma iphrojekthi "yedolobha elihlakaniphile" isetshenziswa, amadolobha angaphakathi ekugcineni azoba yizindawo lapho abantu abaningi bengayi khona! 

Isiphetho

Kuyoba nezwe elimibalabala elikahle kithina, a i-wonderland yedijithali wathembisa, lapho ubuchwepheshe kusikhulula kukho konke okungemnandi. Kusangabaza ukuthi ukuqaliswa kuyoke kwenzeke ngokusebenza. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi ezinsizeni ezifana nokushayela okuzenzakalelayo noma "amadolobha ahlakaniphile". [3]. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke izingozi zifihliwe.

Ngempela "i-smart" iyindlela engcono kakhulu konke lokhu okuthengiswa ngayo kithi. Uma simane sishintsha igama elithi "smart" sithi "smart" kuzo zonke lezi zimfundiso ze-neologism ezinkulu, khona-ke siyazi ukuthi sikuphi ngempela:

• I-Smart Phone -> Spy Phone
• Ikhaya Elihlakaniphile -> Ikhaya Lenhloli
• Amamitha ahlakaniphile -> Amamitha wokuhlola
• I-Smart City -> Spy City
• njll...

Nakuba ngisho ne-Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS) ifuna ukuthi abantu baziswe ngezingozi kanye nokucwaninga okwengeziwe ngemiphumela yezempilo ye-5G kanye nokuxhumana kweselula, cishe akukho okwenzekayo. Izinyathelo zezakhamizi zithatha isibopho ngezinsiza ezimbalwa uhulumeni wobumbano angazinaki ngezinsiza ezinkulu. 

Lokho kudinga ukushintsha. Sisize ngokufuna isibopho kosopolitiki futhi singathengi izinto "ezihlakaniphile". Lokhu kunciphisa isidingo se-5G futhi kunciphisa ukuchayeka emisebeni. Njengangaphambili, ungaqhubeka nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zakho zokuxhumana kwedijithali ngaphandle kwakho konke lokhu. 

Amakhredithi

[1] cf. I-Smart City Charter, idizayini eqhubekayo yokuguqulwa kwedijithali komasipala, I-Federal Ministry Yezemvelo, Ukulondolozwa Kwemvelo, Isakhiwo kanye Nokuphepha Kwenuzi

[2] cf. Deutschlandfunk, November 21.11.2019, XNUMX, Amnesty International ibona usongo kumalungelo abantu

[3] cf. uDkt Mattthias Kroll, Imiphumela yokwandiswa kwenethiwekhi ye-5G ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla, ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu kanye nokwethulwa kobuchwepheshe obuqhubekayo bokuqapha, p.24, p.30 ff

[4] Ucwaningo lukahulumeni waseSwitzerland lufakazela: I-EMF imbangela yezifo eziningi nge-oxidative cell stress

[5] cf. Ibhodi Lokweluleka Ngesayensi Lokushintsha Komhlaba (WBGU): Ikusasa lethu elivamile ledijithali, I-Berlin, i-2019 

Umthombo:
I-Octopus kaGordon Johnson, etholakala ku-Pixabay