Abamelene nokusimama

"Abaphikisana kakhulu nokushintshwa kwesimo sezulu kwezepolitiki nakwezomnotho bangabameli be-neoliberalism futhi abazuzayo yibona abaphethe"

UStephan Schulmeister kubaphikisi bokuqina

Ukuze sinciphise kakhulu ubungozi nemithelela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, kudingeka sinqande ukwanda kokushisa okuphakathi komhlaba kuya kumazinga ayi-1,5 ngaphezulu kwamazinga wangaphambi kwezimboni. Ukuze senze lokhu, kufanele sinciphise ngokushesha ukuphuma kwegesi okugcina ukushisa ngo-2020 nomhlaba ongena ngo-zero ngo-2050. Lokhu kushiwo ngabacwaningi besimo sezulu abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba futhi lokho kwathathwa yisinqumo samazwe angama-196 e-United Nations Uhlaka Lwesivumelwano Sokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ngomhlaka 12 Disemba 2015 engqungqutheleni yesimo sezulu ye-UN eParis.

Izinkinga ezingenakubalwa zilindile

Futhi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu akuyona ukuphela kwenkinga evuthayo. Ngokombiko weWorld Biodiversity Council, kunezinhlobo zezilwane nezitshalo ezingaba yisigidi IPBES, eyethulwe umphakathi ngoMay 2019, isongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Abaningi banganyamalala emashumini eminyaka ezayo uma kungekho zinguquko ezinqala ezenzweni zethu, ikakhulukazi kwezolimo.

Ngokweqiniso, sonke siyazi ukuthi sidinga ukuthatha isinyathelo sokumisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukuxhashazwa kwezinsiza zemvelo, ukubhujiswa kwemifula nolwandle, ukubekwa kwenhlabathi kwenhlabathi evundile ngaleyo ndlela ukucekelwa phansi kwezimpilo zethu - hhayi nje kusukela izolo . Sonke siyizwile le milayezo efanayo naleyo ezinyangeni nakwiminyaka edlule. Umbiko wesexwayiso we Iqembu leRoma Isihloko esithi “Imikhawulo Yokukhula” sanyatheliswa ngo-1972. Ngasekuqaleni kuka-1962, isazi semvelo yasolwandle yaseMelika uRachel Carson waveza imiphumela elimazayo yokubulala izinambuzane kwemvelo kwincwadi yakhe ethi "Silent Spring". Futhi isazi sefilosofi saseGeneva, isazi semvelo nombhali uJean-Jacques Rousseau, wayesesebhale encwadini evumelana nempahla ngekhulu le-18: "... ulahlekile uma ukhohlwa ukuthi izithelo zingezawo wonke umuntu kepha umhlaba awusiwo owomuntu."
Uwedwa, akukho mpendulo eyanele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi wonke umuntu nawo wonke umuntu. Ukusabela okuvela kwezombusazwe nakwezamabhizinisi kungahle kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba isenzo sodwa asanele.

"Ngeke ngithathe isinqumo sokuthi ibhasi lihamba kuphi noma cha," omunye obambe iqhaza esitelekeni sezulu uxoxa njengesibonelo sokufika kwezithuthi zomphakathi kwesinye isikhathi e-Austria. Futhi zonke izingane manje ziyazi ukuthi ukuhamba kwezindiza kunomthelela omkhulu ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu, kepha kunentela kakhulu, kepha ngeke ukuguqule. Ngokuphikisana nolwazi olungcono, ukwakhiwa komgwaqo wesitimela eVienna Airport kwaqala ukwenziwa. Ku-A4, i-Ostautobahn, ukwakhiwa komgwaqo wesithathu phakathi kweFischamend neBruck an der Leitha West kuzoqala ngo-2023. Umhlaba wezolimo obalulekile nezindawo zemvelo ezisenyakatho ne-Austria ezansi kufanele uhlangane neminye imigwaqo emikhulu kanye ne-Expressways. Ngokwesitatimende sayo, i-OMV efakwe kuhlu "yaqala umkhankaso omkhulu kakhulu wokuzamazama komhlaba wase-Austrian emlandweni wale nkampani" ebusika bonyaka ka-2018 eWeinviertel ukuze afune amadiphozi kagesi wemvelo.

Abamelene nokusimama: i-neoliberalism

Kungani kuvunyelwe noma kugqugquzelwa konke, yize osopolitiki nosomabhizinisi kumele bazi ukuthi ukuqhubeka kwesimo kuzoholela enhlekeleleni futhi kubulale izimpilo eziningi? Ingabe ukucabanga okulondolozayo? Amathuba? Ukuphika amaqiniso ekucabangeni kwenzuzo yesikhashana nje? Isazi sezomnotho uStephan Schulmeister uchaza ukungabikho kokuphinda kuqondiswe kabusha kwezombusazwe kulawulo lwendalo ngokuthi yize zikhona zonke izingxabano, i-neoliberalism isekhona: Ngokusho kwe-neoliberals, izimakethe kufanele zize kuqala kulawulo lwezinqubo, ezepolitiki kumele zibuyele emuva ukuthatha isinyathelo. Ngeminyaka yo-1960, ubunyoninco bezepolitiki babuqhubeka bukhona, kusukela ngabo-1970 futhi buye bufika kakhulu ngawo-1990s, ukukhululeka kwezinkampani eziphethwe nguhulumeni, izingqalasizinda kanye nezimakethe zezimali kwandiswa futhi isimo sezenhlalo sesiya ngokuya sintekenteka, uyachaza.

Ngokushintshwa kwezepolitiki ngakwesokunene eYurophu naseMelika eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinzuzo zezenhlalo zinqanyuliwe, ubuzwe nobuningi busakazeka, futhi namaqiniso afakazelwe ngokwesayensi (njengokushintsha kwesimo sezulu) ayabuzwa. Bangabaphikisi bokuqina. "Abaphikisana kakhulu nokushintshwa kwesimo sezulu kwezepolitiki nakwezomnotho bangabameli be-neoliberalism futhi abazuzayo yibona abasebenza kakhulu ngabantu abasha," kusho uStephan Schulmeister. Kepha izinkinga zomhlaba wonke zingaxazululwa kuphela emhlabeni jikelele, yingakho izivumelwano zamazwe afana nesivumelwano sokuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu saseParis sika-2015 zibaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kufanele wenze ngokufanele.

Kusetshenzisweni, noma kunjalo, umuntu uphonsa ibhadi kwelinye noma izinyathelo ezidingekayo ngosuku oluzayo. I-China, ngokwesibonelo, iphikisana nama-vis-à-vis amazwe asentshonalanga: Siphuma ngaphansi kunawe, ngakho-ke kufanele sithole amalungelo amaningi okuphuma kunawe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunjalo, kuvuma uStephan Schulmeister, kodwa uma iChina, i-India nabanye bebengahlangana namazwe anezimboni maqondana nokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, umgomo wesimo sezulu ubungeke utholakale ngokuphelele.
Okwesibili ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi kushiwo ukuthi wonke umuntu kumele enze okuthile ngasikhathi sinye, ngoba uma kungenjalo, amaphayona asezingeni lesimo sezulu angaba nobunzima bokuncintisana. Lesi simangalo simane nje siyiphutha, kusho uSchulmeister.

Isiphakamiso sakhe yilesi: Ku-European Union, kuzodingidwa indlela yentengo yokuphela kwamafutha, okuzoholela ekukhuleni kancane kancane kwamanani ngo-2050. Imali ekhokhwayo ngentengo yemakethe yomhlaba efanelekile izodonswa intela yemvelo eguquguqukayo futhi isetshenziselwe ukutshalwa kwezimali okuhambisana nesimo sezulu (njengokuvuselelwa kwesakhiwo, ukunwetshwa kwezithuthi zomphakathi kanye nemithombo yamandla evuselelekayo) kanye nokubuyiselwa komphakathi amanani entengo aphakeme emithombo yamandla wegesi. Ukuhamba ngezindiza kuzodingeka kukhokhiswe intela enkulu futhi, futhi, nemizila yezitimela ezisheshayo zesizukulwane esisha kuzodingeka yakhiwe eYurophu. "Ngimelene nengcindezi, kepha ngenxa yokwenyuka kancane kwenkuthazo yamanani," kuchaza uchwepheshe wezomnotho. Intela enjalo efanelekayo yemvelo ingeyokuhambisana ne-WTO futhi kungabi yinkinga yokuncintisana emakethe yangaphakathi ye-EU, uyanezela.

Ukuhamba ngezindiza kuye kwaguqula kahle ukuncintisana amashumishumi eminyaka. Akukho ntela kaphethiloli eparafini, ayikho i-VAT kumathikithi endiza aphesheya, kanye nezibonelelo zezikhumulo zezindiza ezincane. Ukukhokha intela kuzoqala ukusebenza ngokushesha bese kuphoqa ukushintshwa kukaloliwe noma ukwehlisa ukuhamba komoya.

Abamelene nokusimamisa: izintshisekelo zabantu ziyahlula

Kodwa-ke, intuthuko eminingi enhle ngaphakathi kwe-European Union ivinjiwe noma iniselwe phansi ngoba amazwe angamalungu afuna ukuzizuzela bona kanye nezimboni zabo.
Isibonelo esisodwa umbulala ukhula glyphosate. Ngo-Okthoba 2017, iPalamende YaseYurophu yavuma ukuthi kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele ama-herbicides asuselwa ku-glyphosate ngoDisemba 2022 kanye nemikhawulo eseduze yokusetshenziswa kwento. Inkantolo yaseMelika phambilini ibikhiphe isinqumo kathathu ukuthi i-glyphosate ibe nomthelela kumdlavuza womuntu. Noma kunjalo, i-EU ivume ubuthi bezitshalo ngoNovemba 2017 eminye iminyaka emihlanu. I-ejensi yamakhemikhali yaseYurophu i-ECHA ayibheki i-glyphosate njenge-carcinogenic. Ngokuya kweGlobal 2000, kukhombisile ukuthi amalungu e-ECHA Commission ayabandakanyeka embonini yamakhemikhali, ukuthi izifundo ziye zahlolwa ngokungalungile nokuthi ukutholwa okubucayi bekunganakwa. Kuyasiza kuphela ukuthi abantu abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka kusuka kubhikisho babemi ukucacise ukuthi izintshisekelo zabo nazo zibalulekile.
Imikhuba yokushintsha inzima.

Ukwenza uhambo lwedolobha lokuya eTel Aviv ngempelasonto noma ukuya kwelashwa e-Ayurveda eNdiya, iholide lomndeni eKenya noma eBrazil beligcinelwe abakhethiweyo kuze kube yiminyaka embalwa edlule. Ukuhamba komoya okushibhile kanye nendlela yokuphila "epholile" kwenze lo mkhuba, ikakhulukazi kubantu abafundile futhi abavame ukucabanga ngemvelo. Kepha ukuguqula imikhuba kunzima, kusho uFred Luks, inhloko yeCompetence Center for Sustainability eWU Vienna, osekela izinhlangano ngezinsizakalo zokusimama futhi akaze alahlekelwe yigama eligxekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele siguqule indlela esiziphatha ngayo kakhulu ngaphandle kokubona imiphumela yako.
Kepha, kusho uFred Luks: “Ngikuthola kuyinqaba ukuthi abantu abasha bavela NgoLwesihlanu Ngekusasaababuza izindlela eziqinile zepolitiki babuzwa ukuthi ngabe bayaziphatha ngokwezemvelo. ”Abantu abadala ababuza imibuzo enjalo noma abasola abantu abasha ngokusebenzisa amabhodlela epulasitiki noma ukuthenga izingubo ezingabizi kufanele bacabange kangcono ngokuthi bakhetha bani. "Kukhethwa abezepolitiki abafuna impilo enje ngeminyaka yama-1950", uchwepheshe wezokuqina uyazibuza "ngepolitiki ye-nostalgia".

"Uhlelo lwezepolitiki luvame ukusabela kuphela uma kwenzeka izinto eziyinhlekelele," kusho uStephan Schulmeister, kepha sekwephuze kakhulu ekubhekaneni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ngoba amagesi abamba ukushisa abesevele ekhipha aqhubeka nomthelela futhi kuzoba nempendulo engabekezeleleki. Ungazenza kanjani ezepolitiki zisabele ngokushesha? Yenza izimfuno ezithile, uhlanganise abantu abaningi kukho, uxhumeke emazweni aphesheya futhi ube namandla okuhlala, ngisho nangaphezulu kweminyaka, ukweluleka ezomnotho.

UFred Luks uncoma ukusebenzisa amandla akho ezindabeni ezinhle: “Angisazixoxi nabaphikisana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Angikakhulumi nokuthi umhlaba uyidiski yini. ”Kepha akukho okusebenzayo ekubizeni isimo sezinhlekelele, bavele bakhubazeke. Esikhundleni salokho, umuntu kufanele aveze ukuthi impilo emnandi ibingaba mnandi kanjani, ngokwesibonelo, ukube bezimbalwa izimoto eVienna futhi umgwaqo ungasetshenziselwa ezinye izinhloso. Amaqiniso aqine kufanele abe etafuleni, uthi, kepha kufanele wenze ezinye izindlela zikhange.
UFred Luks ukholelwa ukuthi ukuqaphela ukuthi awukwazi ukuqhubeka njengakuqala sekugcwele. Kulabo abangakaqiniseki ukuthi udlala yiphi indima, utusa incwadi ethi “Imperial Lifestyle” ka-Ulrich Brand noMarkus Wissen. Labososayensi bobabili bezepolitiki bakwenza kucace, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi kunangqondo kanjani ukukhula okuqinile kokubhaliswa okusha kwamaSUV njengecebo lezinhlekelele. Ama-SUV amakhudlwana futhi asindayo kunezimoto ezisegumbini elibumbene, adla uphethiloli owengeziwe, akhiqiza amagesi abamba ukushisa futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ayingozi kakhulu kwamanye amaqembu abandakanyeka engozini.

Umbono wembulunga yonke ulahlekile

Wonke umuntu ukhathalela bona uqobo kanye nomhlaba wabo futhi uzama ukuqinisekisa ukusinda noma impilo yomndeni wakhe. Lapho sikhulu isikhala nesikhathi eside esihambisana nenkinga, sincipha isibalo sabantu ababhekana nesixazululo saso, ngokusho kwesingeniso sencwadi ethi “The Limits to Ukukhula” kusuka ngonyaka 1972. Ngakho-ke bambalwa abantu abanombono wembulunga yonke oya kude nekusasa.
UHans Punzenberger, owazalelwa e-Upper Austria futhi uhlala eVorarlberg, ungumbono onjalo. Ubesebenza ekusatshalalisweni kwezinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo iminyaka engu-20, manje usebandakanyeka kwi "Klimacent". Lokhu kuyimali ekhokhwa ngokuzithandela yokuthi omasipala abangama-35 kanye namabhizinisi nabantu abazimele eVorarlberg sebevele bekhokha esikhwameni sesimo sezulu, okwenza sikwazi ukubeka imali kumaphrojekthi kanye nezinyathelo zokuvikela isimo sezulu. Esikhundleni sokulinda uxhaso lomphakathi, ababambiqhaza bazikhandla futhi basabalalisa imali ngokusobala nangokuhlangene. "Sidinga isiko elisha lokuhlangana," kusho uHans Punzenberger ngentshiseko.

Noma unolaka ngokwengeziwe?

Umlobi waseBrithani nesishoshovu sezemvelo uGeorge Monbiot wakubeka kakhulu phansi ephephandabeni iThe Guardian ngo-Ephreli 2019: "Ukuvukela kuphela okuzovimbela i-apocalypse yemvelo" - ukuvukela kuphela okuzovikela i-apocalypse yemvelo. Iqembu "i-Extinction Rebellion" (XR), elasungulwa eGreat Britain njengenhlangano ehlonishwayo, lizama ukwenza lokhu ngezindlela zokudala nokuvimba, isibonelo, imigwaqo, amabhuloho noma ukungena kwenkampani. Izishoshovu ze-XR nazo ziyakhula e-Austria. Ama-drones akhubazeke isikhumulo sezindiza eLondon naseFrankfurt ezinyangeni ezedlule nawo angaba uhlobo lokuvukela.
NgoLwesihlanu lokuqala lwekusasa kungekudala kukaKhisimusi ka-2018, bambalwa kuphela abantu abasha abangena eHeldenplatz eVienna. Iphosta ifundeka kanje: “Isayensi ethe xaxa. Ukubamba iqhaza okuningi. Isibindi esithe xaxa. "Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezinhlanu, njalo ngoLwesihlanu, izinkulungwane zentsha ziya emigwaqweni zibize osopolitiki" Sizokushaya kuze kube nina nenza! ".

Photo / Video: Ugogo.