Izizathu eziyi-10 zokuthi kungani inhlangano yesimo sezulu kufanele ibhekane nezindaba zomphakathi | I-S4F AT

nguMartin Auer

Ingabe inqubomgomo yesimo sezulu kufanele igxile kuphela ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwe-CO2, noma kufanele igxilise inkinga yesimo sezulu emcabangweni woguquko emphakathini uwonke? 

Usosayensi wezepolitiki uFergus Green wase-University College London kanye nomcwaningi wokusimama uNoel Healy waseSalem State University eMassachusetts bashicilele ucwaningo ngalo mbuzo kujenali i-One Earth: Ukungalingani kubhebhezela kanjani ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu: Icala lesimo sezulu Sesivumelwano Esisha Esiluhlaza1 Kuyo, babhekana nokugxeka ukuthi abameleli bezinga lenqubomgomo ye-CO2-centric emibonweni ehlukahlukene eshumeka ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu ezinhlelweni ezibanzi zomphakathi. Laba bagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi i-ajenda ebanzi ye-Green New Deal ibukela phansi imizamo yokuqeda ikhabhoni. Ngokwesibonelo, isazi sesimo sezulu esidumile uMichael Mann wabhala kumagazini i-Nature:

"Ukunikeza inhlangano yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu uhlu lokuthenga lwezinye izinhlelo ezitusekayo zezenhlalo kubeka engcupheni yokuhlukanisa abasekeli abadingekayo (njengabalondolozi bemvelo abazimele nabalinganiselayo) abesaba i-ajenda ebanzi yoshintsho oluqhubekayo emphakathini.”2

Ocwaningweni lwabo, ababhali bakhombisa lokho

• ukungalingani kwezenhlalo nezomnotho kuyimbangela yokusetshenziswa nokukhiqiza okunamandla kwe-CO2,
• ukuthi ukwabiwa okungalingani kwemali engenayo nengcebo kuvumela abacebile abacebile ukuthi bavimbele izindlela zokuvikela isimo sezulu,
• ukuthi ukungalingani kubukela phansi ukwesekwa komphakathi kwesenzo sezulu,
• nokuthi ukungalingani kubukela phansi ukubumbana komphakathi okudingekayo ukuze kuthathwe izinyathelo ezihlangene.

Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi ukususwa kwekhabhoni okuphelele kungase kuzuzwe lapho amasu agxile kukhabhoni egxilwa ohlelweni olubanzi lwezinguquko zezenhlalo, ezomnotho kanye nentando yeningi.

Lokhu okuthunyelwe kunganikeza kuphela isifinyezo esifushane se-athikili. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, ingxenye encane kuphela yobufakazi obuningi obulethwa uGreen noHealy obungenziwa kabusha lapha. Isixhumanisi sohlu olugcwele siyalandela ekupheleni kokuthunyelwe.

Amasu okuvikela isimo sezulu, bhala Okuluhlaza kanye ne-Healy, ekuqaleni kwavela kumbono we-CO2-centric. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kwaqondakala futhi kusaqondwa ngokwengxenye njengenkinga yobuchwepheshe yokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa ngokweqile. Kuhlongozwa inani lamathuluzi, njengoxhaso lobuchwepheshe obukhipha umoya omncane kanye nokusetha izindinganiso zobuchwepheshe. Kodwa okugxilwe kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezindlela zemakethe: izintela ze-CO2 nokuhweba okuphumayo.

Iyini Isivumelwano Esisha Esiluhlaza?

Amasu e-Green New Deal awagcini nje ekuncishisweni kwe-CO2, kodwa afaka phakathi izinguquko eziningi zezenhlalo, ezomnotho nezentando yeningi. Bahlose uguquko lwezomnotho olufinyelela kude. Yiqiniso, igama elithi "Isivumelwano Esisha Esihlaza" alicacile3. Ababhali bahlonza ukufana okulandelayo: Imiqondo ye-Green New Deal inika umbuso indima ebalulekile ekudaleni, ekuklanyweni nasekulawuleni izimakethe, okungukuthi ngokutshalwa kwezimali kwezwe ezimpahleni zomphakathi nasezinkonzweni, imithetho neziqondiso, inqubomgomo yezimali nezezimali, kanye nokuthengwa kwempahla nomphakathi ukusekela emisha. Inhloso yalokhu kungenelela kombuso kufanele kube ukuhlinzekwa komhlaba wonke kwezimpahla nezinsiza ezenelisa izidingo eziyisisekelo zabantu futhi zibenze baphile impilo enenqubekela phambili. Ukungalingani kwezomnotho kufanele kuncishiswe futhi imiphumela yengcindezelo yobandlululo, yobukoloniyali kanye nobulili yenziwe ibe mihle. Okokugcina, imiqondo ye-Green New Deal ihlose ukudala inhlangano ebanzi yomphakathi, ethembele kubo bobabili ababambiqhaza abakhuthele (ikakhulukazi amaqembu anentshisekelo ehlelekile yabantu abasebenzayo nezakhamuzi ezivamile), kanye nasekusekelweni okungenzi lutho kweningi, okuboniswa emiphumeleni yokhetho.

Izindlela eziyi-10 eziqhuba ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu

Ulwazi lokuthi ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kubhebhethekisa ukungalingani kwezenhlalo nezomnotho kugxile kakhulu emphakathini wokuvikela isimo sezulu. Okungaziwa kakhulu imigudu eyimbangela egeleza ngendlela ehlukile, okungukuthi, ukuthi ukungalingani kwezenhlalo nezomnotho kuthinta kanjani ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu.

Ababhali baqamba izindlela ezinjalo eziyishumi ngamaqembu amahlanu:

ukusetshenziswa

1. Uma abantu benemali eningi, badla kakhulu futhi kuyanda namagesi abamba ukushisa abangelwa ukukhiqizwa kwalezi zimpahla ezithengwayo. Ucwaningo lulinganisela ukuthi ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni evela kumaphesenti acebe kakhulu ayi-10 kufinyelela ku-50% wezinto ezikhishwa emhlabeni wonke. Ngakho-ke, ukonga okukhulu ekukhishweni kwegesi kungafinyelelwa uma imali engenayo nengcebo yabantu abaphezulu behliswa. Ucwaningo4 ka-2009 uphethe ngokuthi u-30% wezinto ezikhishwayo emhlabeni wonke zingasindiswa uma ukukhishwa kwezigidigidi eziyi-1,1 kwezikhipha izinto ezinkulu kakhulu bekukhawulelwe emazingeni amalungu azo angangcolisi kancane.5

2. Kodwa akukhona nje ukusetshenziswa kwabacebile okuholela ekukhiqizweni okuphezulu. Abacebile bavame ukubukisa ngengcebo yabo ngendlela yokubonisa. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu abahola kancane baphinde bazame ukukhulisa isimo sabo ngokusebenzisa izimpawu zesimo futhi baxhase ngezimali lokhu kusetshenziswa okwenyukayo ngokusebenza amahora amade (isb. ngokusebenza isikhathi esengeziwe noma ngokuba nabo bonke abantu abadala emsebenzini wasendlini isikhathi esigcwele).

Kodwa ingabe ukwenyuka kweholo eliphansi nakho akuholeli ekukhishweni okuphezulu? Akunjalo. Ngoba isimo sabampofu ngeke nje sithuthukiswe ngokuthola imali eyengeziwe. Kungabuye kuthuthukiswe ngokwenza izimpahla ezithile ezikhiqizwe ezivumelana nesimo sezulu zibe khona. Uma umane uthole imali eyengeziwe, uzosebenzisa ugesi omningi, ukhuphule ukushisa ngedigri engu-1, ushayele kaningi, njll.

Omunye umbono uwukuthi uma inhloso iwukuba bonke abantu bajabulele izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lenhlalakahle ngaphakathi kwesabelomali sekhabhoni ephephile, khona-ke ukusetshenziswa kwezigaba zabantu abampofu kakhulu kufanele kukhule ngokuvamile. Lokhu kungase kuholele esidingweni esiphezulu samandla futhi ngaleyo ndlela kube nokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa. Ukuze sihlale kusabelomali sekhabhoni ephephile sisonke, ukungalingani kumele kwehliswe kusuka phezulu ngokukhawulela izinketho zokusetshenziswa kwezicebi. Ukuthi lezi zinyathelo zingasho ukuthini ekukhuleni kwe-GDP kushiywe kuvuliwe ngababhali njengombuzo ongakaxazululwa.

Empeleni, kusho uGreen noHealy, izidingo zamandla zabantu abahola kancane kulula ukuqeda ikhabhoni njengoba begxile ezindlini nasekuhambeni okubalulekile. Amandla amaningi asetshenziswa abacebile avela ekuhambeni ngendiza6. Ukususwa kwe-carbon of traffic emoyeni kunzima, kuyabiza futhi ukufezeka okwamanje akubonakali. Ngakho umthelela omuhle ekukhiqizweni kokunciphisa imali engenayo ephezulu ungaba mkhulu kakhulu kunomthelela omubi wokwandisa imali engenayo ephansi.

ukukhiqizwa

Ukuthi izinhlelo zokuhlinzeka zingasuswa yini ikhabhoni akuncikile ezinqumweni zabathengi kuphela, kodwa futhi ikakhulukazi ezinqumweni zokukhiqiza zezinkampani nezinqubomgomo zezomnotho zikahulumeni.

3. Abacebe kakhulu abangu-60% baphethe phakathi kuka-80% (iYurophu) kanye cishe nama-5% omcebo. Ingxenye empofu iphethe u-XNUMX% (iYurophu) noma ngaphansi7. Okusho ukuthi, idlanzana elincane (ikakhulukazi elimhlophe nabesilisa) linquma ngemali yalo ukuthi kukhiqizwa ini futhi kanjani. Enkathini ye-neoliberal kusukela ngo-1980, izinkampani eziningi ezingaphansi kukahulumeni zasungulwa ukuze izinqumo zokukhiqiza zibe ngaphansi komqondo wenzuzo yangasese kunezimfuno zenzuzo yomphakathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, “abanikazi bamasheya” (abanikazi bezitifiketi zamasheya, amasheya) baye bathola ukulawula okwandayo ekuphathweni kwezinkampani, ukuze izithakazelo zabo ezinombono omfushane, ezigxile ekwenzeni inzuzo ngokushesha zinqume izinqumo zenkampani. Lokhu kushayela abaphathi ukuthi bashintshe izindleko baye kwabanye futhi, isibonelo, ukugwema noma ukuhlehlisa ukutshalwa kwezimali okonga i-CO2.

4. Abanikazi bemizi emikhulu baphinde basebenzise izimali zabo ukuze bandise imithetho yezombusazwe neyezikhungo ebeka inzuzo kuqala ngaphezu kwakho konke okunye okucatshangelwayo. Umthelela wezinkampani zamafutha ezinsalela ezinqumweni zezombusazwe ubhalwe kabanzi. Kusukela ngo-2000 kuya ku-2016, isibonelo, i-US $ XNUMX billion yasetshenziswa ukunxenxa iCongress mayelana nomthetho wokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.8. Ithonya labo embonweni womphakathi nalo libhaliwe9 . Baphinde basebenzise amandla abo ukucindezela ukuphikiswa nokwenza ababhikishi babe yicala10

.

Ukulawulwa kwentando yeningi, ukuziphendulela kwezombusazwe kanye nezamabhizinisi, ukulawulwa kwezinkampani nezimakethe zezimali ngakho-ke kuyizindaba ezixhumene kakhulu namathuba e-decarbonisation.

ipolitiki yokwesaba

5. Ukwesaba ukulahlekelwa imisebenzi ngenxa yesenzo sezulu, okwangempela noma okucatshangwayo, kubukela phansi ukusekelwa kwesenzo sokususa ikhabhoni11. Ngisho nangaphambi kobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, imakethe yezabasebenzi emhlabeni wonke yayisenkingeni: ukungasebenzi kahle, ukuntula iziqu, imisebenzi entekenteke ezansi kwemakethe yezabasebenzi, ukwehla kobulungu bezinyunyana, konke lokhu kwabhebhethekiswa yilolu bhubhane, olubhebhethekisa ukungavikeleki okujwayelekile.12. Amanani ekhabhoni kanye/noma ukuqedwa kwezibonelelo bayakucasukela abantu abahola kancane ngoba bakhuphula intengo yezinto ezithengwa nsuku zonke ezikhiqiza ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni.

6. Ukunyuka kwentengo ngenxa yezinqubomgomo ze-carbon-centric - zangempela noma ezicatshangelwayo - kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabantu abampofu kancane, futhi kubukela phansi ukusekelwa komphakathi kubo. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuhlanganisa umphakathi jikelele ukuze uthole izinyathelo zokuqeda ikhabhoni. Ikakhulukazi amaqembu athintwe ikakhulukazi yinkinga yesimo sezulu, okungukuthi anezizathu eziqinile zokuhlanganisa, njengabesifazane kanye nabantu bemibala, asengozini kakhulu emiphumeleni yokwehla kwamandla emali. (E-Austria, singangeza abantu bemibala kubantu abanesizinda sokufuduka kanye nabantu abangenabo ubuzwe base-Austrian.)

Impilo evumelana nesimo sezulu ayithengeki kwabaningi

7. Abantu abahola kancane abanayo indlela yezezimali noma izikhuthazo zokutshala imali emikhiqizweni eyonga amandla ebizayo noma enekhabhoni ephansi. Ngokwesibonelo, emazweni acebile, abantu abampofu kakhulu bahlala ezindlini ezingawongi ugesi. Njengoba behlala ezindlini eziqashiwe, abanaso isisusa sokutshala imali ekuthuthukisweni okuwonga ugesi. Lokhu kubukela phansi ngokuqondile ikhono labo lokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo futhi kunomthelela ekwesabeni kwabo imiphumela yokwehla kwamandla emali.

8. Izinqubomgomo ezigxile ngokuphelele ku-CO2 zingase futhi zibangele ukunyakaza okuqondile okuphikisayo, okufana ne-yellow vest movement e-France, eyayiqondiswe ngokumelene nokwenyuka kwentengo kaphethiloli okuvunyelwa yinqubomgomo yesimo sezulu. Izinguquko zentengo yamandla nezokuthutha zibangele ukuphikisa kwezombusazwe ezinodlame emazweni amaningi anjengeNigeria, Ecuador kanye neChile. Ezindaweni lapho kugxilwe khona izimboni ezisebenzisa i-carbon, ukuvalwa kwezitshalo kungabhidliza umnotho wendawo futhi kubhidlize ubunikazi bendawo obunezimpande ezijulile, ubudlelwano bomphakathi kanye nezibopho ekhaya.

Ukuntuleka kokubambisana

Ucwaningo lwakamuva olunobufakazi luxhumanisa amazinga aphezulu okungalingani kwezomnotho namazinga aphansi okuthembana komphakathi (ukuthembela kwabanye abantu) kanye nokwethenjwa kwezepolitiki (ukuthembela ezikhungweni zezepolitiki nezinhlangano).13. Amazinga aphansi okuthembana ahlotshaniswa nokusekelwa okuphansi kwesenzo sezulu, ikakhulukazi kumathuluzi ezimali14. I-Green ne-Healy ibona izindlela ezimbili ezisebenzayo lapha:

9. Ukungalingani kwezomnotho kuholela - lokhu kungafakazelwa - enkohlakalweni eyengeziwe15. Lokhu kuqinisa umbono ojwayelekile wokuthi izikhulu zezombangazwe ziphishekela izithakazelo zabo kanye nezicebi kuphela. Ngakho-ke, izakhamuzi ngeke zibe nokuzethemba okuncane uma zithenjiswa ukuthi imingcele yesikhashana izoholela ekuthuthukisweni kwesikhathi eside.

10. Okwesibili, ukungalingani kwezomnotho nezenhlalakahle kubangela uqhekeko emphakathini. Abantu abacebile abacebile bangazihlukanisa ngokoqobo kuwo wonke umphakathi futhi bazivikele ezinkingeni zezenhlalo nezemvelo. Ngenxa yokuthi abantu abacebile abacebile banethonya elibi ekukhiqizweni kwamasiko, ikakhulukazi abezindaba, bangasebenzisa la mandla ukuze babangele ukuhlukana komphakathi phakathi kwamaqembu omphakathi ahlukene. Isibonelo, abadla izambane likapondo abacebile e-US bakhuthaze umbono wokuthi uhulumeni uthatha esigabeni sabasebenzi abamhlophe “esisebenza kanzima” ukuze anikeze abampofu “abangafanele” izipho, njengezifiki kanye nabantu bebala. (E-Austria, lokhu kuhambisana nezingxabano eziphikisana nezinzuzo zomphakathi "zabantu bangaphandle" kanye "nabafuna indawo yokukhosela"). Imibono enjalo yenza buthaka ukubumbana komphakathi okudingekile ekusebenzisaneni phakathi kwamaqembu omphakathi. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi ukunyakaza komphakathi okukhulu, okudingakalayo ukuze kususwe ikhabhoni ngokushesha, kungadalwa kuphela ngokuqinisa ukubumbana komphakathi phakathi kwamaqembu omphakathi ahlukene. Hhayi nje ngokufuna ukusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kwezinsizakusebenza, kodwa futhi nangokubonana okuvumela abantu ukuthi bazibone beyingxenye yephrojekthi efanayo efeza intuthuko yabo bonke abantu.

Yiziphi izimpendulo ezivela ku-Green New Deals?

Ngakho-ke, njengoba ukungalingani kunomthelela ngokuqondile ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu noma kuvimbela ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi imiqondo yezinguquko ezibanzi zezenhlalakahle ingakhuthaza ukulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

Ababhali bahlole imiqondo ye-Green New Deal engama-29 emazwenikazi amahlanu (ikakhulukazi evela e-Europe nase-USA) futhi bahlukanisa izingxenye zaba izinqwaba zenqubomgomo noma amaqoqo ayisithupha.

Ukunakekelwa komphakathi okusimeme

1. Izinqubomgomo zokuhlinzekwa komphakathi okusimeme zilwela ukuthi bonke abantu bathole ukufinyelela ezimpahleni nasezinsizeni ezihlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo ngendlela esimeme: izindlu ezisebenza kahle ezishisayo, amandla asekhaya angenawo ukungcola nokungcoliswa, ukuhamba okusebenzayo nokuhamba komphakathi, ukudla okunempilo okukhiqizwe ngokuqhubekayo, amanzi okuphuza aphephile. Izinyathelo ezinjalo zinciphisa ukungalingani ekunakekelweni. Ngokuphambene nezinqubomgomo ezimaphakathi ne-CO2 kuphela, zenza izigaba ezimpofu zibe nokufinyelela emikhiqizweni yansuku zonke enekhabhoni ephansi ngaphandle komthwalo wesabelomali sasekhaya nakakhulu (Indlela 2) futhi ngaleyo ndlela zingabangeli noma yikuphi ukumelana nazo (Indlela 7). Ukukhipha ikhabhoni kulezi zinhlelo zokuhlinzeka nakho kudala imisebenzi (isb. ukuvuselela okushisayo kanye nomsebenzi wokwakha).

Ukuphepha kwezezimali

2. Imiqondo yeDili Entsha Yokuhlaza ilwela ukuphepha kwezezimali kwabampofu nalabo abasengozini yobumpofu. Isibonelo, ngelungelo eliqinisekisiwe lokusebenza; imali encane eqinisekisiwe eyanele ukuphila ngayo; izinhlelo zokuqeqesha zamahhala noma zomxhaso zemisebenzi evumelana nesimo sezulu; ukufinyelela okuphephile ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, kwezenhlalakahle kanye nokunakekelwa kwezingane; ukuvikeleka komphakathi okuthuthukisiwe. Izinqubomgomo ezinjalo zinganciphisa ukuphikiswa kwesenzo sezulu ngezizathu zokungavikeleki kwezezimali nezenhlalakahle (Izindlela 5 kuya ku-8). Ukuvikeleka kwezezimali kuvumela abantu ukuthi baqonde imizamo yokukhipha ikhabhoni ngaphandle kokwesaba. Njengoba futhi behlinzeka ngokusekela kubasebenzi embonini enciphayo edla i-carbon, bangabonakala njengendlela enwetshiwe 'yoshintsho nje'.

ushintsho ebuhlotsheni bamandla

3. Ababhali bahlonza imizamo yokuguqula ubudlelwano bamandla njengeqoqo lesithathu. Inqubomgomo yesimo sezulu izosebenza kakhulu uma ikhawulela ukuqoqwa kwengcebo namandla (izinqubo 3 kanye ne-4). Imiqondo ye-Green New Deal ihlose ukunciphisa ingcebo yabacebile: ngezintela zemali engenayo eqhubekayo kanye nezintela zengcebo nangokuvala izintuba zentela. Bacela ukuthi kususwe amandla kubanikazi bamasheya kuye kubasebenzi, abathengi kanye nemiphakathi yendawo. Balwela ukunciphisa umthelela wemali yangasese kwezombangazwe, isibonelo ngokulawula ukunxenxa, ukukhawulela ukusetshenziswa komkhankaso, ukukhawulela ukukhangisa kwezepolitiki noma ukuxhaswa ngezimali komphakathi kwemikhankaso yokhetho. Ngenxa yokuthi ubudlelwano bamandla bubuye bube nokucwasa ngokobuhlanga, ngokobulili, kanye nobukoloniyali, imiqondo eminingi Yesivumelwano Esisha Esihlaza idinga ubulungiswa bezinto ezibonakalayo, bezepolitiki, namasiko emaqenjini acwaswayo. (E-Austria lokhu kungasho, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuqeda ukuvalelwa ngaphandle kwezombusazwe kwabantu abangaphezu kwesigidi abasebenzayo abangenalo ilungelo lokuvota).

Izinyathelo ze-CO2-centric

4. Iqoqo lesine lihlanganisa izilinganiso ze-CO2-centric njengezintela ze-CO2, ukulawulwa kwezimboni ezikhipha umoya, ukulawulwa kokuhlinzekwa kwamafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, uxhaso lokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokungathathi hlangothi kwesimo sezulu. Ngokuphathelene nokuthi zihlehla, okungukuthi zibe nomthelela omkhulu emalini engenayo ephansi, lokhu kufanele okungenani kunxeshezelwe ngezinyathelo ezivela kumaqoqo amathathu okuqala.

ukwabiwa kabusha nguhulumeni

5. Ukufana okumangalisayo kwemiqondo ye-Green New Deal indima ebanzi okulindeleke ukuthi isetshenziswe uhulumeni. Izintela ezikhiqizweni ze-CO2, imali engenayo kanye nezimali okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla zizosetshenziselwa ukuxhasa izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuhlinzekwa komphakathi okusimeme, kodwa futhi nokukhuthaza ukusungulwa okusha kwezobuchwepheshe. Amabhange amaphakathi kufanele athande imikhakha enekhabhoni ephansi ngenqubomgomo yawo yezimali, kanti namabhange okutshala imali aluhlaza nawo ayahlongozwa. Ukubalwa kwezimali kuzwelonke kanye nokubalwa kwezimali kwezinkampani kufanele kwakhiwe ngokwemibandela yokusimama. Akuyona i-GDP (ingqikithi yomkhiqizo wasekhaya) okufanele isebenze njengenkomba yenqubomgomo yezomnotho eyimpumelelo, kodwa Inkomba Yenqubekelaphambili Yangempela.16 (inkomba yenqubekelaphambili yangempela), okungenani njengesengezo.

Ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe

6. Imbalwa kuphela imiqondo ehloliwe ye-Green New Deal ehlanganisa izici zenqubomgomo yangaphandle. Abanye bahlongoza ukulungiswa kwemingcele ukuze kuvikelwe ukukhiqiza okuzinzile kusukela ekuqhudelaneni okuvela emazweni anemithethonqubo eqinile yokusimama. Eminye igxile emithethweni yamazwe ngamazwe yohwebo nokugeleza kwemali. Njengoba ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuyinkinga yomhlaba wonke, ababhali bakholelwa ukuthi imiqondo ye-Green New Deal kufanele ifake ingxenye yomhlaba wonke. Lokhu kungaba yizinyathelo zokwenza ukuhlinzekwa komphakathi okusimeme emhlabeni wonke, ukwenza ukuphepha kwezezimali emhlabeni wonke, ukuguqula ubudlelwano bamandla omhlaba, ukuguqula izikhungo zezezimali zomhlaba wonke. Imiqondo ye-Green New Deal ingaba nemigomo yenqubomgomo yangaphandle yokwabelana ngobuchwepheshe obuluhlaza kanye nempahla yengqondo namazwe ampofu, ukukhuthaza ukuhwebelana ngemikhiqizo evumelana nesimo sezulu kanye nokukhawulela ukuhweba ngemikhiqizo esindayo ye-CO2, ukuvimbela ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwemingcele yamaphrojekthi ezinsalela, ukuvala izindawo zokukhosela intela , sinikeze ukukhululeka kwezikweletu futhi sethule amanani entela aphansi emhlabeni jikelele.

Ukuhlolwa kweYurophu

Ukungalingani kuphezulu ikakhulukazi emazweni anemali engenayo ephezulu e-United States. Emazweni aseYurophu akuphinyiswa kangako. Abanye abadlali bezepolitiki e-Europe babheka imiqondo ye-Green New Deal ukuze bakwazi ukuwina iningi. I-"European Green Deal" emenyezelwe yiKhomishini ye-EU ingase ibonakale inesizotha uma iqhathaniswa namamodeli achazwe lapha, kodwa ababhali babona ikhefu ngendlela yangaphambilini ye-CO2-centric yenqubomgomo yesimo sezulu. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwamanye amazwe e-EU kusikisela ukuthi amamodeli anjalo angaphumelela ngabavoti. Isibonelo, i-Spanish Socialist Party inyuse iningi layo ngezihlalo ezingama-2019 okhethweni lwango-38 ngohlelo oluqinile lwe-Green New Deal.

Qaphela: Kufakwe izithenjwa ezimbalwa kuphela kulesi sifinyezo. Uhlu oluphelele lwezifundo ezisetshenziswe kusihloko sokuqala lungatholakala lapha: https://www.cell.com/one-earth/fulltext/S2590-3322(22)00220-2#secsectitle0110

Isithombe sekhava: J. Sibiga nge Flickr, C.C BY-SA
Kubonwe: UMichael Bürkle

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5 Qhathanisa futhi umbiko wethu ngalowamanje Umbiko Wokungalingani Kwesimo Sezulu wango-2023

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16https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indikator_echten_Fortschritts