Yedijithali, ukanti ayaziwa: baphume abantu ekuhleni - neengcebiso kunye nezixhobo

Masihlale siyinyani. "Umsebenzisi ophakathi akakwazi ukuzikhusela ngokwenene. Nokuba ebeyazi indlela, intuthuzelo inokwenzeka ”- utsho u-dude. Kwaye i-dude kufuneka iyazi: Ulilungu leAnnusus, elo qela le-motley ye-IT freaks kunye nabanquli, abajonga ngaphandle nakwimfihlakalo nakwezinye iindawo ekuthiwa zikhuselekile kwihlabathi lekhompyuter. Kodwa kukho, useto oluhle, izixhobo kunye nezisombululo zesoftware ezithembisa i-IT muffle ubukhulu becala ukungaziwa kunye nokhuseleko.

Kodwa okokuqala ubuyela unyaka 2013. Ngu-Eduard Snowden kuphela owavuma impempe yaseMelika ukuba wazi uluntu ngokubanzi, loluphi uncwadi kunye nomdlalo bhanyabhanya esawucinga kudala. Ngombulelo ku-Snowden sinesiqinisekiso esoyikisayo: Silude kakhulu, uluntu lweglasi.

Umbuzo wento onokubekwa esweni ungathathi ntweni. Ithiyori, akukho mntu uhlala engaziwa. Ngokwenziwayo, nditsho neNational Security Service NSA ineengxaki ezinzulu ngomkhuselo wedatha yehlabathi. Ngokubanzi, kungacingwa ukuba ubuncinci beenkonzo ezifihlakeleyo zigcina idatha yoqhagamshelo kuphela. Ngqo: Leliphi inani elineliphi elinye inani xa ubizwe kwaye beluphi unxibelelwano? Kodwa le nkcukacha inokuba neziphumo zayo. Zenze ngokwakho? Uchaza njani umnxeba, kuqala ngoNcedoshilfe, emva koko ugqirha wosapho kunye nentombazana?

Ngokuchasene nolwaphulo-mthetho okanye ulawulo?

Kodwa buyela kwi-dude. Isithethi esingachazwanga sibona izixhobo zokujonga njengaseGeorge Orwell "1984": "Ngempikiswano yokulwa ubugrogrisi kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho kuya kuveliswa uloyiko, oluthi emva koko lugunyazise ezi zinto. Iikhamera kunye nokunye okunjalo ayenzelwanga nje ukubekwa esweni, kodwa kukwenzelwe ukoyikisa. Esi sisiphumo esinqwenelekayo. "Ngaphandle kwparanoia, yingxaki yomda: kwelinye icala ulwaphulo-mthetho kufanele ukuba lumisiwe, kwelinye icala, imfihlo yethu isemngciphekweni. Ukulawulwa kwe-Intanethi kuhlolo lwe-Intanethi: Akukho mbuzo: Apha kubalulekile ukuqhubela phambili ibha. Kodwa lulawulwa kangakanani uluntu? Ngubani oqinisekisa ukuba akusayi kubakho gwenxa? Ngubani onokuthi angaziwa?

Kwaye yongeza kwingxoxo mpikiswano ebaluleke kakhulu: Umthengi oqhelekileyo uOtto akananto yokuzifihla. Kwaye okokugqibela, siphila kwidemokrasi. Ukucinga kwethu nokwenza izinto kusimahla. Kodwa kuthekani ngamazwe amaninzi ehlabathi apho ezinye iimeko zikhoyo? Kwaye ngubani othi imeko yamazwe aseYurophu ayinakutshintsha ngesiquphe? Igama elithi ubugrogrisi sele litolikwe ngokubanzi kwimilinganiselo eyaziwayo yaseMelika. Kwaye neAustria kufanelekile ukuba kubekho inkxalabo enokuthi ivele kunye neenkqubo zokuziphatha ezilwela amalungelo ezilwanyana kunye neziqendu eziphikisayo.

Ukulandelela inethiwekhi

Yonke imihla sishiya iimpembelelo zethu zemali kwi-Intanethi. Nokuba le mikhondo irekhodwe ngokungaziwa: UGoogle, uFacebook kunye noCo bayazi kakhulu ngathi. Nabani na newebhusayithi yakhe unokuzijonga ukuba: I-Google Analytics ihambisa idatha echanekileyo yokundwendwela-indawo, iqela labudala, umdla, inqanaba lokuhlawula, kunye nokunye.
Nabani na ovumela ezo zinto kuthiwa ziicookies kwisikhangeli sakhe se-Intanethi, kusenokwenzeka ukuba uyazi ukuba: Imveliso ebisandula ukuphononongwa ngumphathi we-Intanethi, imihlaba ephindayo kwiscreen. "Ndithenge. Unomdla kum. Ndiyayazi, "iyakhwaza i-geadewegs. Ukukhangela ukuphindaphinda igama lale ndlela yentengiso, ebanzi kwiWebhu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha enokucaphukisa.

Idatha octopus kwiifowuni eziphathwayo kunye neetafile

Kwaye xa ufaka usetyenziso oludumileyo lweefowuni eziphathwayo kunye neetafile zihlala zivulwa kakhulu umnyango - kwaye ungcatsha idatha eninzi yobuqu, eya kuthi inike ubomi "bokwenyani", akukho mntu unjalo. Ngapha koko, ezinye zezi nkqubo zokuzonwabisa zinenjongo enye kuphela: ziqokelela idatha ethi emva koko yenziwe imali. Ngokusemthethweni isemthethweni, ngendlela. Idatha ekugqibeleni iya kudluliselwa ngokuzithandela ngemvume yakho. Okanye akunjalo?

UChristian Funk nguMhlalutyi oMkhulu weNtsholongwane eKaspersky, ongomnye wababoneleli abakhulu kwezisombululo zokhuseleko lwedijithali ezinjengeenkqubo ze-antivirus kunye neewall firewall. Akanazo iindaba ezimnandi kwi-cybercrime: "Uphuhliso lwe-malware ephathekayo - ngakumbi i-Android - iqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza. Okwangoku, i-malware eshukumayo isetyenziswa ikakhulu ekufikeleleni kulwazi lomntu ngesixhobo sefowuni okanye kwiSMS ye-premium. Kwixesha elizayo, isibungu sokuqala sizama ukubonakala kubasebenzisi be-Android. "
Ingcebiso yakhe ngezixhobo eziphathwayo icacile: "Ngaphantsi kuninzi, kuba idatha yobuqu ayigcinwanga kuphela kwisixhobo, kodwa idluliselwa nakwiinkampani zophuhliso ngokugunyazisa usetyenziso. Oko kuthetha ukuba ukhetho oluluhle lweeapps ozifuna ngokwenene kunye nokuba iinkqubo ezingasafuneki kufuneka ziphinde zikhutshwe. "
Kwaye uFunk uyayazi eyona nto isoyikisayo kwi-Intanethi: ebizwa ngokuba yi-drive-by downloads. "I-7 ye-20 yeZitshabalalisi eziphezulu zonyaka bezisisisongelo esisetyenzisiweyo kuhlaselo lokukhuphela. Abasebenzisi bosuleleka ngokutyelela iwebhusayithi yodwa. Iinkqubo zokukhusela intsholongwane kunye nokuhlaziywa rhoqo kwazo zonke iinkqubo ezisebenzayo kunye neenkqubo ezisetyenziselwa ukukhuselwa ngokukhutshelwa ngokuqhutywa kukhuphelo. Kwaye ngaphandle kobuchule bekhompyuter enkulu.

Ayaziwa kwaye ikhuselekile

Inketho iqokelele izisombululo kunye neengcebiso eziphambili. Ngelishwa ayidlali engaziwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye ikhuselekile. Esona sisombululo sisiso sokungazi usebenzisa intsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba zii-VPNs, uthungelwano lwangasese lwangasese - ngomrhumo wenyanga. Ukhuseleko oluqhelekileyo kunye ne-antivirus kunye ne-firewall nayo ixabisa ii-euro ezimbalwa ngonyaka.
Kodwa ngaphandle kokuhlawula, kukho izixhobo ezikhoyo ezenza umsebenzi wazo kakuhle. Ukukhetha kuncomela njengeyona ndlela nelula yokunyusa ukhuseleko kwenkqubo yakho kunye nokukhubaza ukusetyenziswa kweicookies kunye neJava kuseto lesikhangeli. Cinga ngoku: Imisebenzi emininzi enqwenelekayo ishiywe emva. Ke inceda okwethutyana ukuhlengahlengisa useto olwenziwe. Kodwa ngaphandle kwemisebenzi emininzi, inokuphila kakuhle.

Isigqibo: Indlela yokuziphatha yomsebenzisi

Kodwa eyona nto iphambili kukuba ubomi bedijithali bufuna izilumkiso ezifanayo kunye nehlabathi lokwenyani: ukucace gca. Isidenge sithi, "Kuya kufuneka uyazi into eyenzekayo ngokuchofoza rhoqo, qho xa undwendwela iwebhusayithi. Abasebenzisi kufuneka baqonde ukuba benza ntoni. "Kwaye oko akuthethi kuphela ukuqonda kobugcisa, imalunga nokuziphatha komntu ngokuhambelana ekufuneka efundile.
Ingcebiso enye: Sebenzisa ikhompyuter yakho, iselfowuni okanye ithebhulethi njengesiqhelo, kodwa jonga egxalabeni lakho. Qaphela ukuba ngawaphi amanyathelo owathathayo suku ngalunye kunye nento onokuthi ufuna ukuyenza ngaphandle kwexesha elizayo. Kwanomntwana omncinci ufunda ukuba angathathi kwaye akhothe yonke into elele emhlabeni. Nangona kunjalo, impumelelo yeetekhnoloji yexesha lethu isemncinci kakhulu ukuba ingasingathwa ngokuchanekileyo ibe yinto yomcimbi.
Nokuba kunjalo, sixelele umhlaba wonke ukuba sihlangabezana phi kwaye njani. Sibeka umbono wethu ku-Facebook, njengamaphepha, iifoto zeposi. Masijongane nathi: ayikho inkonzo yezobuntlola efunekayo ukusenza umntu ocacileyo.

Ingcaphephe yezokhuseleko kaKaspersky uFunk uyibona ngale ndlela: "Okokuqala, umbuzo kufuneka ube: ingakanani kwaye uluhlobo luni lwedatha endifuna ukulinika inkonzo kwaye yintoni enokwenziwa ngamandla obugebenga? Ngokukhawuleza xa umntu ekhupha idatha, enye yezona zinto zininzi ilahlekile kukulawula kwaye ixhomekeke kwigunya lomntu wesithathu. "Isisombululo esinyanisiweyo sokwenyani ke ngoko - ukuphatha iindaba zeendaba kunye nezixhobo zexesha lethu.

Iziseko

das ukuziphatha yomsebenzisiUkuziphatha kwilizwe ledijithali kungoyena ndoqo ubalulekileyo wokhuseleko. Cinga malunga ngqo nedatha oyivelelayo ukuba yeyiphi kwaye yeyiphi iwebhusayithi ohamba kuyo. Ingakumbi kwiifowuni eziphathwayo kunye neetafile, jonga ingqalelo kwizabelo zakho onikezela ngazo usetyenziso.

Iintanethi zentlalo: Sebenzisa useto lokhuseleko. Ngaphezulu kwayo yonke into, qiniseka ukuba iakhawunti yakho kuFacebook & Co ayibonakali kuye wonke umntu - ngamanye amagama: ayibonwanga luluntu. Ngaphandle koko, zonke iifoto zeholide ezithunyelweyo zimemo zabaphangi. Kodwa ezinye izicelo zomsebenzi zisilele ngenxa yeefoto ezimnandi nezonwabisayo zepati.

UKhuseleko oluSisiseko: Vuliwe inkqubo Anti-virus ngokuchasene nezinambuzane kunye kunye Firewall Ukuqinisekisa uqhagamshelo lwakho lwe-Intanethi, kukho ubuncinci bokuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko kwikhompyuter nganye. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo zizakhelo ezifanelekileyo kwi-modem ye-LAN engenacingo yokugcina iindwendwe ezingamenywanga kwi-wifi.

Ipasigama: Khetha ipassword ezinamaphepha amancinci kunye nonobumba abakhulu kunye neenombolo. Ukuhlala usebenzisa iphasiwedi efanayo kusengozini enkulu ukuba idatha ingena kwizandla ezigwenxa. Kodwa uzazi njani izixa ezikhulu zephasiwedi? Isisombululo sibizwa ngokuba kukhuseleko lwegama eligqithisiweyo njengelokugqibela, elihlala linika ukufikelela kwezinye izitshixo ngephasiwedi enkulu. Eyona iphasiwedi ibaluleke kakhulu, njengokufikelela kwi-intanethi kwi-intanethi, kufuneka ukhumbule kwaye akukho ndawo ungabhala kuyo. Icebiso: www.lastpass.com

Banking intanethiPhantse zonke iibhanki ngoku zibonelela ngokhuseleko ngaphezulu kweefowuni ze-TANs. Kwitransekshini nganye, ikhowudi ithunyelwa kwifowuni ephathekayo, ekufuneka ingeniswe kwi-intanethi njengetshekhi yokhuseleko. Ungaze uvule okanye uphendule kwii-imeyile ezibizwa ngokuba zobuqhetseba, imiyalezo etyholwa yibhanki yakho.

Amaphepha akhuselekileyo I-https: Yonke idilesi yewebhu kwisiphequluli yandulelwa ngumgaqo we-http. Isiqingatha sikhuselekile, unokuziva kuphela umthetho olandelwayo wokhuseleko. Kukho isixhobo https kuyo yonke indawo.

izilungiselelo browser: Ukuba ufuna ukhuseleke ngakumbi kwaye ungaziwa kwinethiwekhi, yenyusa inqanaba lokhuseleko kuseto lwenkqubo. Oku kunokuthetha ukuba ayiyiyo yonke imisebenzi enokusetyenziswa kwi-Intanethi. Isenokuba luncedo ukukhubaza ukwamkelwa kwekhukhi kunye neJavascript.

amagama Test: Ku ip-check.info unokuvavanya ukuba loluphi ulwazi oluqhagamshelwa kwi-Intanethi lwangoku. okanye apho ikho imingcipheko yokhuseleko.

Izixhobo zokungazichazi igama: ke awaziwa

Nceda ujonge kwimiyalelo ecetyiswayo yokuziphatha ngokuchanekileyo ngokudibeneyo nezi zixhobo. Ukuba ubhalisela ukungaziwa kwi-Facebook, izigqibo malunga nomntu wakho zingenziwa. Ngokufanayo, ukwabiwa kwefayile eTor akuvumelekanga.

unompilo: I-Tor kulula ukuyisebenzisa, inethiwekhi yokungaziwa kweenkcukacha zonxibelelwano. Apha unokukhuphela kwaye usebenze eyakho i-TorBrowser kwaye sele zingaziwayo. Ngelishwa, uqhagamshelo nguTor lunciphisa isantya se-surfing. Indawo yethu yayikrokrelwa eSwitzerland. www.torproject.org

JonDo: UJonDo kukungaziwa kwewebhu esebenza ngokungqinelana nenkqubo ekhethekileyo, umxube wecascade, kwaye usebenza ngempumelelo ngokubhekiselele kubizo. Ngomrhumo wenyanga, le nkqubo ikhawuleza kakhulu-nangaphezulu kwayo konke ukungaziwa. www.anonym-surfen.de

VPN: Inethiwekhi yabucala ebonakalayo ngofikelelo oluhlawulelwayo lokufikelela kwinethiwekhi engazisiyo. Umsebenzisi ubhalisela enye inethiwekhi - ngokufikelela ngokuthe ngqo, ngokungathi ikhompyuter yakhe iqhagamshelwe ngokuthe ngqo kwenye inethiwekhi. Izantya zihlala zingaguqukanga ngokukhawuleza. Enye into enokuthi yenzeke: ngenxa yokuba bengekho (eguqukayo) indawo eUnited States, umzekelo, unokufumana nokunikezelwa okunokuthi kuvalwe kwilizwe lakho. Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa unikezo lwendawo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukhethe umboneleli ngeeseva e-Austria ukuze ungaziwa. Ukuthelekisa ababoneleli beVPN, yabona www.vpnvergleich.net/land/osterreich

I-Steganos kwi-Shield 365 kwi-Intanethi: Ikwafihla idilesi yakho ye-IP ngelixa usetywini kwaye ngoku uhlala ungaziwa. Inkqubo ikhusela iiphasiwedi zakho kunye nesazisi sakho. Inguqulelo yasimahla yeSteganos Online Shield 365 inomda wedatha ephezulu ye500 MB ngenyanga. www.steganos.com

Izixhobo zesikhangeli

Ghostery: Le iplagi yokhangelo olubaluleke kakhulu lokukhangela kwezinto zekhasi lesithathu (elibizwa ngokuba "zii-trackers") kwiiwebhusayithi ozindwendwelayo kwaye wazinqimba ngesicelo. Umkhweli umkhondo, umzekelo, amawijethi kunxibelelwano lwasentlalweni, iintengiso, ukulandela umkhondo ongabonakaliyo okanye iipikseli zohlalutyo, njl njl. Iindlela zokuthintela umkhondo zinokuthintela nakwimisebenzi oyifunayo. ghostery.com

noscript: Le iplagi yeFirefox ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise iJavaScript, iJava (kunye nezinye ii plugins) kwimimandla ethembekileyo ekhethiweyo. noscript.net

I-https ikuyo yonke indawoI-plugin eyilelwe ukubethela ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokucela ngokukhuselekileyo amakhonkco kumaphepha ewebhu. eff.org/https-everywhere

Ibhodi yokutshintsha ye-HTTP: Esi sixhobo kunokuba nzima ukulawula zonke izicelo ezivela kwisikhangeli ngenqaku elilula kwaye ucofe kwaye uvimbe izikripthi, IFrames, iintengiso, uFacebook njl.njl.

Adblocker: Iplagi yokukhangela efihla intengiso nje. Iibhloko zeAdblock Plus kunye nentengiso ecaphukisayo yevidiyo kwi youtube. adblockplus.org

DuckDuckGoInjini yokukhangela engafaniyo neGoogle kunye neNkampani, ayigcini idatha. duckduckgo.com

Ifowuni ephathekayo kunye nethebhulethi: iziseko

Apps. Isoftware nganye kufuneka inikwe izabelo ezithile ukuze ikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Ezi zabelo azenzi mngcipheko wokhuseleko, kodwa kunjalo ziyaxhaphazwa kubathengisi. Ngokukodwa, ii-apps zasimahla zithanda ukujonga idatha eyahlukeneyo yeefowuni eziphathwayo okanye iitafile. Nika ingqalelo ukuba zeziphi iinkqubo ezikunika amalungelo.

Root. Olu lutshintsho kuyo yonke inkqubo yokusebenza ukuba baqonde, ukuze bakwazi ukulawula yonke imisebenzi kunye nolawulo lwabo. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ususe ngokuthe ngqo izabelo ezithile kusetyenziso oluthile. Kukho iihukugwe ezininzi: I Rooten ayikho lula kwaye igcinelwe abanobuchule. Ukucuthwa kweengcambu kunokuphula izikhokelo zewaranti yomenzi. Ukongeza, kuya kufuneka wenze ngaphandle kwemisebenzi yesixhobo sakho.

SIM LockIfowuni nganye inesitshixo se-SIM. Ungayitshintsha ikhowudi ngendlela othanda ngayo, ukuze kungabikho mntu ulifumanayo ifowuni.

isikriniKuya kufuneka ubenawo amandla okukhusela idatha yakho kubusela nakwinto enjalo. Ukhuseleko oluphezulu luthembisa i-PIN yamanani okanye iphasiwedi (amanani kunye neeleta).

encodeIdatha evakalayo okanye umxholo wesixhobo sonke unokufihlwa. Izixhobo ezininzi sele zikuxhasa oku kuseto lokhuseleko. Kodwa kukwakho neeapps zayo.

iinkonzo ezenziwaNika ingqalelo useto olusisiseko kwisixhobo sakho. Ngaba ufuna ngokwenene ukubhengeza isikhundla sakho? Malunga nokusebenzisa ukukhangela okanye ezinye izinto, awunakukhetha.

Iifowuni eziphathwayo kunye neetafile: izixhobo

aSpotCatNgaba uyafuna ukwazi ukuba zeziphi izabelo ezisebenzayo? Le app iyakuxelela kwaye ihlela umngcipheko wokhuseleko olufanayo. Uya kuqaphela: Kuphela ngumnxeba weselfowuni ngaphandle kwesixhobo esiyifowuni esikhuselekileyo.

Orbot, Ibhrawuza yesoftware ye-Tor yokusebenzisa umnatha ngokungaziwa ngokungathi kunokwenzeka.

RedPhone: Ukuthetha kwifowuni ekuthiwa yipompo-ubungqina, ungasebenzisa le app. Inika isongezo-sokuphetha sokupheliswa, esifuna amacala omabini asebenzise usetyenziso.

K-9: Le imeyile yokuguqulela ye-imeyile

TextSecure: I-TextSecure ye-app encrypts imiyalezo ebhaliweyo ngexesha lokuhambisa kunye nesixhobo. Iphantse yafana nesicelo esiqhelekileyo seSMS-kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa.

encoding

Ngelishwa, le ndawo igcinelwe abasebenzisi beekhompyuter ze-savvy, njengoko ukuphunyezwa kobugcisa kuyinkimbinkimbi.

Enigmail: Olu lwengeziso lwee-imeyile zenkqubo ye-Thunderbird kunye neSeamonkey isetyenziselwa ukubethela kunye nokusayina iifayile. www.enigmail.net

IGP4winNalu ipakeji yonke yeposi kunye nenkqubo yedatha enikezelwayo. I-GnuPG okanye i-GPG (i-GNU yaBucala yaBucala) yinkqubo ye-cryptographic yasimahla, oko kukuthi, isetyenziselwa ukubethela kunye nokuguqula idatha kunye nokwenza kunye nokungqinisisa ukusayinwa kombane. Izinto ezidityaniswayo zikwandiswa kwe-Outlook kunye ne-Explorer. gpg4win.org

Ubumfihlo obuhle yinkqubo yokufihla idatha kunye nokusayina idatha. Kukho ne-PGPdisk yokufihla iidrive nzima kunye ne-PGPfone ukwenza iifowuni ezikhuselekileyo ngemodem. www.pgpi.org

iposi

Ezinye iindlela zokujonga ngaphandleKukho, iindlela ezizezinye. Ukukhankanya ikakhulu ziileyile zemiqhafazo kunye neThunderbird.

Trash-imeyile: Idilesi ye-imeyile enokulahlwa yobhaliso phakathi, ukuze ungabhengezi eyakho idilesi ye-imeyile. Iimeyile ezifunyenweyo zinokujongwa apha iiyure ezintandathu, emva koko ziya kucinywa. Kuyenzeka ukuba ufumane idatha ukuya kwi-MB enye. Ukuhanjiswa kweposi akunakwenzeka apha. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iiwebhusayithi azizamkeli ezi dilesi. trash-mail.com

Photo / Ividiyo: ngoku.