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Sithetha ukuthini i-GPI yeNkqubela phambili eyiNgeniso?

Yintoni i-GPI yeNkcubeko eyiNgenene?

ISalathi seNkqubela eyiNgqondo silinganisa ukusebenza koqoqosho lwamazwe. Ngelixa i-gross yasekhaya (i-GDP) njengesalathisi sezoqoqosho singayinaki imiphumo yentlalo kunye nendalo yophuhliso loqoqosho, i-Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) iphinda ithathele ingqalelo iindleko zabo ezivulekileyo nezifihlakeleyo, ezifana umonakalo wokusingqongileyo, ulwaphulo-mthetho okanye ukuwohloka kwempilo yabemi.

I-GPI isekelwe kwi-Index ye-Sustainable Economic Welfare eyaphuhliswa kwi-1989, isifinyezo sayo esithi ISEW sivela kwisiNgesi "I-Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare". Ukususela phakathi koo-1990, iGPI yaziseka njengomlandeli osebenzayo. Ngo-2006, i-GPI, ngesiJamani "isalathisi senkqubela phambili", yahlaziywa kwakhona kwaye ilungelelaniswe nophuhliso lwangoku.

I-GPI izoba ibhalansi eshiyekileyo

I-GPI isekwe kuqikelelo losetyenziso lwabucala olulinganiswa ngesalathiso sokungalingani kwemivuzo. Iindleko zentlalo yokungalingani nazo zithathelwa ingqalelo. Ngokuchaseneyo ne-GDP, isalathiso senkqubela phambili sikwaxabisa izibonelelo zomsebenzi wokuzithandela ongahlawulwanga, ubuzali kunye nomsebenzi wasekhaya, kunye neziseko zoluntu. Iindleko ezikhuselayo, umzekelo, ngokunxulumene nokungcoliseka kwendalo, iingozi zendlela, ukuphulukana nexesha lokuphumla, kodwa nangokuguga okanye ukutshabalalisa imali eyinkunzi yendalo. I-GPI ngoko yenza intsalela yeendleko kunye nenzuzo kuqoqosho lwengingqi.

GPI: Ukukhula akufani nokuchuma

Ngokwembali, i-GPI isekwe "kwi-hypothesis eqingqiweyo" ye UManfred Max-Neef. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngaphezu kwexabiso elithile kwi-threshold value kwinkqubo ye-macroeconomic, inzuzo yokukhula koqoqosho ilahlekile okanye iyancipha ngumonakalo obangelwayo - indlela ekwaxhasa iimfuno kunye neengcamango ze Ubuncwane-Inkxaso yentshukumo. Oku kugxeka ingcamango yokukhula okungenamkhawulo kwaye ikhuthaza uluntu lwasemva kokukhula.
Ingcali yezoqoqosho ithathwa ngokuba ngumqambi “wesalathisi sokwenyani”. Phillip Lawn. Uphuhlise isakhelo sethiyori sokubala iindleko/inzuzo yemisebenzi yezoqoqosho kwiGPI.

Ubume be-GPI

Okwangoku, i-GPI yamanye amazwe kwihlabathi jikelele ibaliwe. Ukuthelekiswa ne-GDP kunomdla kakhulu: i-GDP ye-USA, umzekelo, ibonisa ukuba ukuchuma kuphindwe kabini phakathi kwe-1950 kunye ne-1995. Nangona kunjalo, i-GPI yexesha le-1975 ukuya ku-1995 ibonisa ukuhla okubukhali kwama-45 ekhulwini e-USA.

I-Austria, iJamani, i-Itali, iNetherlands, iSweden kunye ne-Australia nazo zibonisa ukukhula kwimpumelelo ngokwezibalo ze-GPI, kodwa oku kubuthathaka kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nophuhliso lwe-GDP. Iziko le-Impulse for Sustainable Economics (ImzuWi) libona ukubaluleka kwezalathisi zokuvavanya imisebenzi yezoqoqosho, efana neGPI, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: “I-GDP isabambelele ngokuqinileyo kwisali. Iinzame, ezinye zazo zimashumi eminyaka ubudala, okubonisa ukuxhomekeka kunye nefuthe loqoqosho lwethu ebantwini nakwindalo ngokwenyani ziphulukene nobukhulu kunye nokungxamiseka kancinane ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje. (...) Ukutshintshwa nje kwe-GDP ngenye isalathisi esibalulekileyo akuyi kuba sisisombululo. Kunoko, siyibona ngolu hlobo: RIP BIP. Phila ixesha elide iyantlukwano yezoqoqosho!”

Photo / Ividiyo: Shutterstock.

Ibhalwe ngu option

Inketho yinto enqwenelekayo, ezimeleyo ngokupheleleyo kunye neqonga leendaba zentlalo yehlabathi ngokuzinzileyo kunye noluntu lwasekuhlaleni, olusekelwe kwi-2014 nguHelmut Melzer. Sisonke sibonisa ezinye iindlela ezilungileyo kuzo zonke iinkalo kwaye sixhasa iinguqulelo ezinentsingiselo kunye nemibono ejonge phambili - eyakhayo-ebalulekileyo, enethemba, phantsi emhlabeni. Ukhetho loluntu luzinikele kuphela kwiindaba ezifanelekileyo kunye namaxwebhu enkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo eyenziwe luluntu lwethu.

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