IJinrg Hinners
UPhilip uneminyaka eyi-30, imitha enye anamashumi asibhozo, iphakethe lemisipha lokwenyani kwaye enekratshi ngomzimba wakhe. Ukongeza kwimidlalo kunye noqeqesho olunzima, inyama etyebileyo yeprotheyini incedisile ukwenza iPhilipp ibonakala njengembaleki eyimodeli. Ngomhla wokuqala kuJanuwari emva koko iyonke iyonke inguqu. Vega!
Ukususela kusuku olunye ukuya kolunye. Kwenzeke ntoni? Njengencwadi yentatheli, ngakumbi emhlabeni, iingxelo ezivela kwifama kunye nengxelo zangasemva kwezolimo ziyinxalenye yeshishini lakhe lemihla ngemihla. Kodwa ayisiyiyo yonke into ayibonayo, unokubonisa ababukeli bakamabonwakude. Yigazi kakhulu, imifanekiso evela kumhlaba oxhelwayo, iphinda inyibilike, ukukhala kwezilwanyana ezixheliweyo, zinzima kakhulu, intlanzi ivela emazantsi oMantla noLwandle lweBaltic. Kodwa imifanekiso ihlala isentloko. Ezingqondweni. Isizathu esaneleyo sokuba vegan?
Akufanele ubulale
Umthetho wesihlanu usebenza ngokuqinisekileyo, abathandi bezilwanyana vegan kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo, hayi ebantwini kuphela. Kwaneemveliso ekubonakala ngathi akufuneki zibulawe, ezinje ngamaqanda kunye nobisi, azisaveli kwimenyu ye-vegan. Ngokwenene ukwenza ngaphandle kwemveliso yezilwanyana kuthetha ukusebenzisa lo mthetho-siseko kwezinye iindawo ezinje ngempahla kunye nezithambiso. Izihlangu ezenziwe ngofele ziyanqanqatheka, uboya buyathintelwa kunye nezithambiso ezivavanyiweyo kwizilwanyana okanye ezinezithako zezilwanyana ziyaliwa. Yiyo kuphela eyi-vegan ngokupheleleyo.
Alithandabuzeki elokuba, i-vegan ephilayo ayincedi izilwanyana kuphela, kodwa iplanethi yethu xa iyonke. Ukutyhoboza uluntu, ukuyeka ukusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana, umhlaba wethu unokuphefumla ngokoqobo. Kunzima ukucinga nge-65 yezigidi zezigidi zemfuyo eveliswa minyaka le emhlabeni wonke. Ziyayihlafuna kwaye ziyigaye kwaye zivelisa iitoni zemethane, igesi eyonakalisayo ekhusela imozulu. Xa sisonke sidibene, zonke ezi zinto zithetha ukuba umthwalo emhlabeni wenyama kunye nokusetyenziswa kwentlanzi kuphakama kakhulu kunolo lweendlela zelizwe jikelele.
Kuyinyani ukuba ukubala kuyahluka ngepesenti yegesi eluhlaza ekhupha imveliso yenyama yehlabathi ekugqibeleni. Kwabanye yi-12,8, abanye beza kwi-18 okanye bangaphezulu kweepesenti ze-40.
Ukukhula komnqweno wenyama
Imiphunga yomhlaba, iAmazon, ibiya kuba nethuba ukuba ukucekiswa kwamadlelo kumisiwe. Kodwa iinkomo ezininzi ngakumbi zifuna umhlaba ongaphezulu. E-Brazil kuphela, inani leenkomo phakathi kwe-1961 kunye ne-2011 liphindwe kabini ngaphezulu kwesigidi se-200.
Njengoko ubutyebi bukhula, umdla wokudla inyama uyakhula: Ukusetyenziswa kwenyama ye-1990 kwakuyitoni yesigidi se-150, i-2003 sele ilinganiselwa kwiitoni ze-250 yezigidi, kunye ne-2050 itotali eyi-450 yezigidi zeetoni, kunye nefuthe elibi kulungiselelo lokutya lwehlabathi. Kuba i-16 yezigidi zeenkukhu, i-1,5 yezigidi zeenkomo kunye neebhiliyoni enye zeehagu, ezikumhlaba wethu okwexeshana nje ukuba zityiwe, zifuna ukutya, ukutya okuninzi. Sele ingaphezulu kwesinye kwisithathu sazo zonke iinkozo emhlabeni ezondlayo. Ukongeza, utshintsho lwemozulu lukhokelela kwiimbalela kwimimandla enexabiso eliphakamileyo ye-US. Ukuba bonke abantu batya inyama eninzi njengama-Austrian namaJamani kwihlabathi liphela, ngesele sifuna iiplanethi ezininzi zondawo neendawo zokutyisa.
UVegan: Unomthwalo omncinci kwaye usempilweni
Ukuyekisa ukufuya imfuyo kunokuphelisa ukuqhambuka kwezifo ezinqamleza umkhuhlane njengengulube yehagu kunye ne-BSE (isifo se-bovine spongiform encephalopathy okanye isifo senkomo esisemadolweni) kwaye kunokunciphisa usulelo lwebhaktheriya lokutya. Kwakhona, usulelo olwenzakalisayo lwe-EHEC (i-enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli, ibangela isifo seengcongconi ezinegazi) kwiminyaka emibini eyadlulayo eJamani, nto leyo ebiza abantu be-53 ubomi babo bonke, kungenxa ye-viehexkremente yeza njenge isichumiso emasimini. Kwizithili ezininzi zaseJamani, ungcoliseko lwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba ane-nitrate sele eyoyikisayo. Kodwa ukuchumisa ngaphezulu kwamasimi ngomgquba kuya kuqhubeka kusanda.
Ukuphathwa kwezilwanyana kukwanxulunyaniswa nenkunkuma enkulu yeekhalori, iiproteni kunye nezinye izondlo. Isizathu kukuba izilwanyana zitshisa uninzi lwezondlo zazo ngokwazo. Ukuveliswa kwekhalori yesilwanyana okwangoku kuxabisa ngaphezulu kwekhalori ezintathu zemifuno. Ubumdaka yintshabalalo yobomi bezilwanyana nkqu apho abaninzi bengayikrokri ekuqaleni; umzekelo, kwimveliso yeqanda. Yinzala yababhinqileyo kuphela abalalela amaqanda, hayi abantakwabo. Banemisipha emincinci kakhulu ukuba inomdla kwezorhwebo njengomthengisi wenyama kubafuyi. Ke banqanyulwe baphila, okanye bapeyinta. Kuwo wonke lo mngxunya uza, usenguye umzalwana ofileyo. Kwaye eJamani kuphela kukho i-36 yezigidi zee-hens zokubeka.
Iintlobo zeentlanzi ezisengozini yokuphela
Ukuhlala kweVegan kuzisa okuninzi kubahlali bamanzi: iilwandlekazi kunye neelwandlekazi zinokuphinda zibuye xa singenakukwazi ukuvelisa kwakhona izilwanyana. Iitoni ezizizigidi ze-100 zeentlanzi zithathwa elwandle minyaka le, ngokusebenza nangokusebenza, ngeziphumo ezibulalayo. Uluhlu lweentlobo ezisongelweyo lide: I-Alaskan salmon, i-salmon yolwandle, i-halibut, i-lobster, i-cod, i-salmon, i-mackerel, i-redfish, isardine, i-plaice kunye ne-haddock, i-sole, i-buffalo, i-tuna, i-bass yolwandle kunye ne-walleye. Kwaye oku kukhutshiwe kuluhlu olubomvu. Phantse zonke iintlobo zinokukhula kabini okanye kathathu ubungakanani bomhlaba kwiiplate zethu, kodwa bakhutshwa emanzini kwakudala ngaphambi kokuba bakhule ngokupheleleyo. Ngokwokubalwa kwenkqubo ye-UN yendalo esingqongileyo, i-2050 iya kuba yeyokugqibela yokukuphelisa oku, kuba ke akukho ntlanzi ithengiswayo iya kubakho. Umdlalo ngaphezulu, ngaphandle kokuba sinciphise ukutya kwethu, okanye sitshintshele kwivenkile yokutya.
Ubuncinci i-EU igqibe ekubeni ukususela kunyaka olandelayo kuye phambili, abalobi bavunyelwe "ukubambisa" iipesenti ezintlanu zokubambisa kwabo. Ke yiza nezilwanyana zaselwandle ngomgangatho, zingafuni nokuzibulala. Isenokuba ngaphezulu kwe-30 yepesenti. Ngokutsho kweengcali, phantse zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana ziya kululama kwiminyaka embalwa xa kuqeshiswa ukuloba. I-Flora kunye nezilwanyana zolwandle nazo ziya kuxhamla kuba akukho mafutha asezantsi atyalwe emanzini olwandle kwaye ngaloo ndlela atshabalalise indlela yokuphila yezilwanyana ezininzi ezincinci, eziguqula umthombo wokutya weentlanzi ezininzi.
Iziphumo zokuphuma ngokugqibeleleyo
Singayiguqula kwaye sijike ngendlela esithanda ngayo, ukufuya izilwanyana kunye nokuloba kuya kutshabalalisa konke okuphilayo ukuba siqhubeka nokuvela kweminyaka ye50 edluleyo. Kodwa ukutshintsha ngokupheleleyo kwi-vegan kuthetha ukuba kukufutshane. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphuma okukhulu kule nkqubo kuya kuba neziphumo ezisisiseko zoqoqosho. Ngaphezulu kwayo yonke into, iinkampani zeefama zeenkukhu kunye neefesi zijonge esiphelweni. Abahambi bezilwanyana, iindawo zokuxhela ziya kufuneka zivaliwe. Kwishishini lokuphanda inyama eJamani kuphela, ngokwezibalo ezisusela kunyaka we-2011, ngaphezulu kwemisebenzi ye-80.000 ngeniso yonyaka ye-31,4 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi yalahleka.
Endaweni yoko, imveliso yemichiza iya kuvuthwa. Kwilizwe le-vegan-ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izilwanyana - ikhemistri ibaluleke ngakumbi kunokuba injalo namhlanje. Apho kungasetyenziswanga ulusu kunye noboya, kufuneka kusetyenziswe ulusu kunye nemicrofibil, kuba ikotoni ayizukuthatha indawo. Sisityalo esinxaniweyo kakhulu esityalwa ukulima apho amanzi sele enqabile, njengaseYiputa.
Abagxeki beVegan bayaphikisa ukuba ukutya okusekwe kwizityalo kuphela kufuneka kukhusele abantu kwiimpawu zokusilela. Kukho isisongelo sokuxhaswa kwe-vitamin B12 ebalulekileyo. Kuba le vithamini inokufumaneka phantse kwimveliso yezilwanyana, ii-vegans ezingqongqo kufuneka ziyisebenzise ngokutya.
Kurt Schmidinger of Ukutya kweXesha elizayo ubonakalise kwisifundo ngendlela enokuthi kube lula ukuyihlela. Eyona nto iphambili koku iya kuba kukuba ilizwe kunye nomzi mveliso bayabandakanyeka. Kuyafana nokuphuculwa kwetyuwa iodine, emva koko kwenziwe iivithamini ezenziwe ngobuchule kunye neeminerali kokunye ukutya. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba, umzekelo, ukuveliswa kwemveliso yevithamini B12 yenzeka ikakhulu ngoncedo lweeMorganorganisms eziguqulwe ngokwemvelo. Asinguye wonke umntu oya kuyamkela loo nto.
Kwelinye icala, bekuya kukhululwa ukuphuculwa komntu ngamnye ukuba aqhubeke nokunaka ingqalelo yokufumana ukutya okuninzi kwezi vithamini kunye neeminerals. Ngenxa yoko, abantu abaninzi banokuthi bayeke iimveliso zezilwanyana kwaye batshintshele kwindawo yogcino lwe-vegan, eya kuthi ikhuthaze ishishini lokutya ukuba linikezele nangoluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso kwiqela elithagethiweyo. Ukunyuka kwesidingo kunye nokunikezelwa okungcono kwe-vegan kukhokelela kumaxabiso asezantsi, athi emva koko akhuthaze imfuno. Umjikelo wokuziqinisa. Ngamaxesha athile, ukuba sonke besingama-vegan, izibhedlele zethu beziya kuba zingenanto, kuba izifo ezinjengezifo zentliziyo, uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile, ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, isifo samathambo, isifo samathambo kunye neendlulamthi zinokuba yinto ephantsi kakhulu kule ndlela yokutya.
"Ukuba iindawo zokuxhela bezineendonga zeglasi, wonke umntu ebeya kuba yimifuno."
UPaul McCartney
Lihlabathi elitsha
Kodwa sifika njani apho? Ukuvalwa kwesimo sokuthengiswa kweemveliso zezilwanyana akukho mbuzo. Kakhulu amandla emveliso yokutya, inkulu kakhulu uloyiko lokuphelelwa ngumsebenzi. Ukongeza, isibhengezo siya kudala ngokukhawuleza intengiso emnyama yeentlanzi, inyama, amaqanda kunye noshizi.
Uyacotha. Kwaye kuqala ngabantwana. "Ukutya okunempilo" kufuneka ngokwenene ibe sisifundo esisinyanzelo kwaye ube nexabiso elifanayo kunye nemathematics kunye ne-physics. UPaul McCartney uqambe eli binzana, "Ukuba izindlu zokuxhela zineendonga zeglasi, zonke zingangama-imifuno." Ukuthathela ingqalelo oku, abantwana kufuneka bathathe uhambo lwesikolo ukuya kuxhela, ewe, kuphela ngengqondo. Kuba kuphela xa befumana indlela izilwanyana ezibulewe ngayo, banokuthatha isigqibo sokuba ngaba bafuna ukutya izilwanyana ngokwenene.
Izifo ezinxulumene nokutya zinoxanduva ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye kwisibini esithathwini sabo bonke abantu abaswelekayo eNtshona. Ngapha koko, iSebe lezeMpilo lase-Federal kufuneka liqale iphulo elibanzi lokuthengisa isondlo se-vegan. Ngale ndlela, indawo enkulu engaphezulu kweshumi elinanye leebhiliyoni zeerandi kwiindleko zonyango eAustria zinokugcinwa.
Andiqondi ukuba kufanelekile ukugweba abantu ngento abayityayo. Iepesenti ze-52 zabantu base-Austria bazama ukunciphisa ukutya kwabo inyama. Ewe kunjalo, oko kuyandonwabisa ngoba kulungile imeko-bume kunye nentlalo-ntle yezilwanyana. "
UFeliksi Hnat, uVegan Society eOstriya
Amazwe aseNtshona atya oko kutyiwa lihlabathi
Ukusetyenziswa kwenyama kusakhula. Hayi eYurophu okanye eNyakatho Melika, apho uzinza kwinqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu, kodwa kumazwe asakhasayo, ngakumbi e-Asia, i-steaks kunye ne-burger yindlela yobomi abantu abaninzi ababonakala beyifumana inqweneleka kakhulu. Abantu kufuneka bacengelwe ukuba batshintshe indlela yabo yokutya ngokusebenzisa iimpikiswano kunye nabantu abayimodeli. UFeliksi Hnat, usihlalo we Umbutho waseVegan Umbutho weOstriya ukuzama ukuba ngomnye. Uxhomekeke kwizenzo ezichwayitileyo kunye nomzekelo wobomi bangaphambili. "Kwiminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo bendikunqwenela kakhulu ukutya inyama. Kwaye, uninzi lwabahlobo bam abasenyongweni kunye namalungu osapho atya inyama. Andiqondi ukuba kufanelekile ukugweba abantu ngento abayityayo. Iepesenti ze-52 zabantu base-Austria bazama ukunciphisa ukutya kwabo inyama. Ewe kunjalo, oko kuyandonwabisa ngoba kulungile imeko-bume kunye nentlalo-ntle yezilwanyana. "
Imeko yezoqoqosho yeVegan
Kwaye amanye amashishini amakhulu axhuma kwi-vegan kunye neendlela zezempilo zezilwanyana. Umzekelo, inkampani yabathengi ye-Unilever yabhengeza ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba ukuba iya ikhula ngokujonga ezinye iindlela zeqanda. Ukuphuhliswa kokufunyanwa kwangoko kwiqanda kufuna ukuxhasa inkampani yaseBritane-Dutch ngokwamkelwa kwayo. Ukuba i-Unilever ithetha oko ngokwenene, akufuneki ukuba ijonge kude ezinye iindlela zonyango ezinamaqanda enkukhu. Ku-Kufstein, iMyEy inekomkhulu layo, elenza imveliso emele ukutshintshwa amaqanda enkukhu. Imveliso ye vegan ikakhulu ine-starch yombona, i-potato kunye neprotey yepea, kunye nomgubo we lupup. Inikezelwa kwi-200 gran cans ye-9,90 Euro. Ibhokisi kufuneka ihambelana neeqanda ze24. Ke, umgubo olinganayo wexabiso ungaphezulu kweesenti ze-41 ngeqanda ngalinye - elibiza kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso. Kodwa ngale mveliso izigidi zobomi yenkukhu zinokusindiswa.
Ukusukela ngeyeSilimela, i-Starbucks iye yathambisa inyama, abathengi be-vegan ngesipho esikhethekileyo: i-veabat ye-ciabatta ene cream yeavokhado. Kwaye kwaMcDonald's uhlengahlengisa imeko kwaye wavula indawo yayo yokutyela yemifuno eParis ngo-2011. Ukuba abantu abaninzi eNtshona baguqukela kwezinye iindlela ze-vegan, le meko inokuthi ngenye imini ijikeleze umhlaba.
Photo / Ividiyo: Shutterstock.
