Helmut Melzer
Izikrelemnqa zezopolitiko, ezomthetho ezinefuthe, imithombo yeendaba engenankathalo, uzinzo olungahoywanga- uluhlu lwezikhalazo lide kakhulu. Kwaye kwakhokelela kwinto yokuba ukuthembela kumaziko axhasa urhulumente kuyaqhubeka ukuzika.
Ngaba uyawazi umthetho-siseko wokuthenjwa kwindlela yezithuthi? Ngokuchanekileyo, ithi unokuxhomekeka kwindlela yokuziphatha yabanye abasebenzisi bendlela. Kodwa kuthekani ukuba lelinye lawona maziko abaluleke kakhulu inkampani awusenakuthenjwa na?
Imeko yokuzithemba nangaphambi koCorona
Itrust ichaza ukuzithemba okuqinisekileyo kokuchaneka, ukunyaniseka kwezenzo, ukuqonda kunye neenkcazo okanye ukuthembeka kwabantu. Ngexesha elithile akukho nto isebenza ngaphandle kokuthenjwa.
Ubhubhane wecorona ubonakalisa: Ayisiyiyo kuphela iAustria eyahluliweyo kumba wokugonywa kwecorona, nangaphambi kokuba kubekho ukwahlukahlukana okukhulu kwimicimbi yezopolitiko. Kwiminyaka emithandathu eyadlulayo, yi-16 yepesenti kuphela yabemi be-EU (i-Austria: 26, uphando lweKhomishini ye-EU) ababeke ithemba labo kumaqela ezopolitiko. Isalathiso sokuzithemba se-APA kunye ne-OGM ngo-2021 sikwiqondo eliphantsi kakhulu kwintlekele yokuzithemba: Phakathi kwezopolitiko ezithembakeleyo, uMongameli we-Federal u-Alexander Van der Bellen uphezulu nge-43 yeepesenti ebuthathaka, elandelwa ngu-Kurz (20 pesenti) kunye UAlma Zadic (ipesenti ezili-16). Uvavanyo olungameliyo lokufunda abafundi kumaziko asekhaya lukwabonakalise ukungabathembi kakhulu abezopolitiko ngokubanzi (iipesenti ezingama-86), urhulumente (iipesenti ezingama-71), abeendaba (iipesenti ezingama-77) kunye neshishini (iipesenti ezingama-79). Kodwa uphando kufuneka luphathwe ngononophelo, ngakumbi kumaxesha eCorona.
Ulonwabo kunye nenkqubela phambili
Nangona kunjalo, izinto zahlukile kwamanye amazwe, njengeDenmark: Ngaphezulu kwesinye kwisibini (iipesenti ezingama-55,7) bayamthemba urhulumente wabo. Iminyaka emininzi, abantu baseDanes bebekwisikhundla esiphezulu kwiNgxelo yeHlabathi yoLonwabo kunye ne Inkqubela phambili yoLuntu. UChristian Bjornskov osuka kwiYunivesithi yaseAarhus uchaza isizathu soko esithi: “IDenmark neNorway ngawona mazwe athembekileyo kakhulu kwabanye abantu.” Ngokuchanekileyo: Kuwo omabini la mazwe, iipesenti ezingama-70 zabantu ekuye kwenziwa uphando kubo bathi uninzi lwabantu lunokuthenjwa Umhlaba wonke ngama-30 epesenti kuphela.
Kungakho izizathu ezibini zoku: "IKhowudi yokuZiphatha yaseJante" ngokuqinisekileyo idlala indima, efuna ukuthozama kunye nokuzibamba njengobuninzi. Ukuthi unokwenza ngaphezulu okanye ubengcono kunomnye umntu omkelweyo eDenmark. Okwesibini, u-Bjornskov uyacacisa: "Ithemba yinto oyifundayo kwasekuzalweni, isithethe senkcubeko." Imithetho yenziwe ngokucacileyo kwaye iyalandelwa, ulawulo lusebenza kakuhle nangokusekuhleni, urhwaphilizo lunqabile. Kucingelwa ukuba wonke umntu wenza ngokuchanekileyo.
Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga i-Austrian iparadesi, kubonakala ngathi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uyakholelwa kwizalathiso esele zikhankanyiwe, i-Austria ayenzi kakubi ngokomndilili-nokuba amaxabiso asisiseko ngokuyinxalenye kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Ngaba singabantu base-alpine abagcwele ukungathembani?
Indima yoluntu
“Siphila kwixesha apho ukuthembana kuyeyona nto ixabisekileyo kuzo zonke iimali. Uluntu luhlala luthembekile ngaphezu koorhulumente, abameli bamashishini kunye namajelo eendaba, utshilo u-Ingrid Srinath, owayesakuba ngu-Nobhala Jikelele we-Alliance for Civic Participation CIVICUS. Imibutho yamanye amazwe iyanda ngokuthatha le nyani. Umzekelo, iQonga lezoQoqosho leHlabathi libhala kwingxelo yalo ngekamva loluntu: “Ukubaluleka nempembelelo yoluntu luyanda kwaye kufuneka lukhuthazwe ukuze kubuyiselwe ukuthembana. [...] Uluntu lwaseburhulumenteni akufuneki luphinde lubonwe "njengecandelo lesithathu", kodwa njengeglu ebambe iindawo zikarhulumente nezabucala kunye ".
Kwingcebiso yayo, iKomiti yabaPhathiswa yeBhunga laseYurophu ikwamkele "igalelo elibalulekileyo lemibutho engekho phantsi kukarhulumente kuphuhliso nasekumilisweni kwedemokhrasi namalungelo oluntu, ngakumbi ngokukhuthaza ukwazisa uluntu, ukuthatha inxaxheba kubomi boluntu kunye nokuqinisekisa ukwenziwa kwezinto elubala. noxanduva lokuphendula phakathi kwabasemagunyeni ". Iqela elicebisa kakhulu laseYurophu i-BEPA likwabeka indima ebalulekileyo ekuthatheni inxaxheba koluntu kwikamva leYurophu: “Akusekho malunga nokubonisana okanye ukuxoxa nabemi noluntu. Namhlanje kungokunika abemi ilungelo lokuncedisa ekubumbeni izigqibo ze-EU, ukubanika ithuba lokubamba ezopolitiko kunye norhulumente, "itsho ingxelo ngendima yoluntu.
Ukungabonakali
Ubuncinci amanyathelo athatyathwa elubala athathiwe kule minyaka idlulileyo. Kudala sihlala kwihlabathi apho kungakhange kubekho nto ifihlakeleyo. Nangona kunjalo, umbuzo uhleli ukuba ukungabonakali ngokucacileyo kudala ukuthembela. Kukho izinto ezibonisa ukuba oku kuqala kubangela urhano. UToby Mendel, uMlawuli oPhetheyo weZiko lezoMthetho kunye neDemokhrasi ucacisa oku ngale ndlela ilandelayo: “Kwelinye icala, ukwenza izinto elubala kuyanda ukuveza ulwazi malunga nezikhalazo zoluntu, eziqala zibangele urhano phakathi kwabantu. Kwelinye icala, umthetho olungileyo (wokungafihli nto) awuthethi ngokuzenzekelayo kwinkcubeko nakwinkqubo yezopolitiko esekuhleni ”.
Abezopolitiko kudala baphendula: Ubugcisa bokungatsho nto buyaqhubeka, izigqibo zopolitiko zenziwa ngaphandle kwemibutho yezopolitiko.
Ngapha koko, amazwi amaninzi ngoku ayakhutshwa ukuba alumkise ngokuchasene neziphumo ebezingafunekiyo zecala elibonakalayo. Unjingalwazi wezopolitiko u-Ivan Krastev, uMfo osisigxina kwiZiko lezeNzululwazi yoBuntu (i-IMF) eVienna ude athethe "ngokubonisa okucacileyo" kwaye uhambisa athi: "Ukugqobhoza abantu ngolwazi kuyindlela eqinisekisiweyo yokuzigcina ungazi". Ukwabona ingozi yokuba "ukudibanisa inani elikhulu lolwazi kwingxoxo-mpikiswano yoluntu kuya kubenza bathathe inxaxheba ngakumbi kwaye batshintshe ukugxila kubuchule bokuziphatha kubemi babo kubuchwephesha babo kwindawo enye okanye kwenye yomgaqo-nkqubo".
Ngokombono wenjingalwazi yefilosofi u-Byung-Chul Han, ukungafihli nto kunye nokuthembela akunakulungelelaniswa, kuba “ukuthembana kunokwenzeka kuphela kwimeko phakathi kokwazi nokungazi. Ukuthembana kuthetha ukwakha ubudlelwane obuhle nomnye umntu nangona ungazi. [...] Apho kukho ukungafihli, akukho ndawo yokuthemba. Endaweni yokuba 'ukwenza elubala kudala ukuthembela' kufanelekile ukuba kufundwe: "Ukungafihlisi kudala intembeko".
Ukungathembani njengeyona nto iphambili yedemokhrasi
KuVladimir Gligorov, isithandi sobulumko nesazi ngezoqoqosho eVienna Institute for International Economic Study (wiiw), idemokhrasi ngokusisiseko zisekwe kukungathembani: “Ukuzilawula okanye ulawulo lwasebukhosini lusekwe kukuthembana - kukungazingci kokumkani okanye isimilo esihle seengcungcu. Nangona kunjalo, isigwebo esingokwembali sikukuba le ntembeko isetyenziswe gwenxa. Kwaye ke inkqubo yoorhulumente abanyulwe okwethutyana yeza ngokuba siyibize idemokhrasi. "
Mhlawumbi umntu kufuneka akhumbule umgaqo osisiseko wedemokhrasi yethu kule meko: leyo "yokujonga kunye nezikali". Ukulawulwa ngokufanayo kwamalungu omgaqo-siseko wombuso kwelinye icala, kunye nabemi batyelele urhulumente wabo kwelinye - umzekelo ngokwamandla okubavota. Ngaphandle kwalo mgaqo wedemokhrasi, oye wenza indlela yawo ukusuka kumaxesha amandulo ukuya ekuKhanyeni kwimigaqo-siseko yaseNtshona, ukwahlulwa kwamagunya akunakho ukusebenza. Ukungathembani okuphilayo ngenxa yoko akuyonto ingaqhelekanga kwidemokhrasi, kodwa itywina lomgangatho. Kodwa idemokhrasi ikwafuna ukuphuhliswa ngakumbi. Kwaye ukungabikho kokuthenjwa kufuneka kube neziphumo.
Photo / Ividiyo: Shutterstock.
