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Iinkampani ezimbini zebhayoloji iCorteva kunye neBayer ziqokelele amakhulu ezicelo zelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza kwizityalo kwiminyaka yakutshanje. I-Corteva ifake iipatent ezili-1.430 - ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na enye inkampani - kwizityalo ezisebenzisa iindlela ezintsha. Ubunjineli bemfuza zasetyenziswa. Uphando lwamazwe ngamazwe oludibeneyo lwe-GLOBAL 2000, i-Friends of the Earth Europe, i-Corporate Europe Observatory (i-CEO), i-ARCHE NOAH, i-IG Saatgut - iqela elinomdla lomsebenzi wembewu ye-GMO-free kunye ne-Vienna Chamber of Labor ivavanya lo mkhukula wamalungelo omenzi ngokuchasene nemvelaphi ye ngoku kuxoxwe ngokurhoxiswa komthetho we-EU wobunjineli bemfuza kunye neNqaku esele ikufuphi yobuNjineli beGenetic eNtsha (NGT). "Inani elikhulayo lezicelo ze-patent zokwandisa inzuzo yezi ndlela ze-NGT zityhila ukudlala kabini kweenkampani," bathi ababhali bengxelo epapashwe namhlanje. "Iinkampani zamachiza kunye nembewu zifuna ukufikelela lula kwimarike ye-EU kwizityalo zabo ze-NGT kunye nembewu ye-NGT kwaye ngaloo ndlela zifumana ulawulo olukhulu ngakumbi kumafama, ukuzala kwezityalo kunye nenkqubo yethu yokutya."
ICorteva kunye neBayer zilawula ishishini lepatent kwezolimo
Iinkampani zeBiotech ezifana neCorteva kunye neBayer zincoma iinkqubo ezintsha zobunjineli bemfuza njengeenkqubo 'zendalo' ezingenakubonwa kwaye ke ngoko kufuneka zingabikho kulawulo lokhuseleko lweManyano yaseYurophu kunye nemimiselo yokuleyibhelishwa kokutya okutshintshwe ngokwemfuza. Ngaxeshanye, balungiselela usetyenziso lwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza we-NGT ukukhusela iinguqulelo zabo zobuchwephesha kwaye ngokwenza njalo bandise imingxuma kumthetho welungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza.
Ilayisenisi yobugcisa bebhayoloji yezolimo lishishini elinengeniso, elikhulayo. UCorteva (owayesakuba yiDow, iDuPont kunye noVulindlela) kunye neBayer (umnini weMonsanto) sele elawula Ipesenti ye-40 kwimarike yembewu yemveliso yehlabathi. I-Corteva ifake malunga ne-1.430 amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza kwizityalo ze-NGT kwihlabathi jikelele, i-Bayer/Monsanto 119. Zombini iinkampani zikwaqukumbele izivumelwano zelayisensi ezifikelela kude kunye namaziko ophando athe aphuhlisa ubuchwephesha. I-Corteva ayilawulanga kuphela i-patent landscape yezityalo ze-NGT, kodwa ikwayinkampani yokuqala eneplanti ye-NGT kwinkqubo yokuvunywa kwe-EU. Ngale patented ngaphezulu, echasene ne-herbicide ethile, indlela ye-NGT ye-CRISPR / Cas yayisetyenziswe kwinkqubo yokongeza kubunjineli bemfuza obudala.
Patent kwiZityalo kunye neePropati
Amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza angasetyenziselwa kwi-EU kwiimveliso kunye/okanye iinkqubo. Amaqumrhu eBiotech, umzekelo, afaka izicelo zamalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza okubavumela ukuba babange iinkqubo zobunjineli bemfuza ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu ezithile zofuzo ezenziwe zezi nkqubo. Umzekelo, uCorteva uphethe i-EP 2893023 ye-patent yendlela yokuguqula i-genome yeseli (ekwasebenzisa isicelo se-NGT) kwaye ibango lamalungelo epropathi yengqondo kuzo zonke iiseli, imbewu kunye nezityalo eziqulethe "ukuveliswa" okufanayo, nokuba kwi-broccoli, umbona, iimbotyi zesoya, irayisi, ingqolowa, umqhaphu, ibhali okanye ujongilanga (“amabango emveliso ngenkqubo”). Ngobunjineli bezofuzo, phantse akunakwenzeka ukwazi kanye ukuba yintoni na ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza, njengoko izicelo zihlala zibanzi ngabom ukuze kufumaneke 'ukhuseleko' olubanzi. Iinkampani zembewu ziwufiphalisa ngabom umahluko phakathi kokuzalana okuqhelekileyo, i-random mutagenesis kunye nobunjineli obudala kunye nobutsha bemfuzo. Kuba ulwazi malunga nokuqulathwe kumalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza lunqabile, kunzima ukufumanisa ukuba zeziphi izityalo okanye iimpawu ezinelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza. Abafuyi, amafama okanye abavelisi bajongana nokungaqiniseki okumandla okusemthethweni malunga nokuba bangenza ntoni ngezityalo abasebenza ngazo yonke imihla, ukuba zeziphi iintlawulo ezifanele ukuhlawulwa kwaye yintoni enokuthi ikhokelele ekumangaleleni. IMonsanto, ngoku edityaniswe neBayer, yazisa amatyala ali-1997 okunyhashwa kwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza ngokuchasene namafama e-United States phakathi kwe-2011 kunye ne-144.
Iimfuno zezolimo ezohlukeneyo, ezivumelana nemozulu
Ukugxila kwimarike yembewu eqhutywa ngamalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza kuya kukhokelela kwiyantlukwano encinci. Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki yemozulu iyasinyanzela ukuba sitshintshele kwiinkqubo zokulima ezikwazi ukumelana nemozulu, ezifuna hayi ngaphantsi, kodwa iyantlukwano engakumbi. Amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza anika amaqumrhu ehlabathi ulawulo phezu kwezityalo nembewu, athintele ufikelelo kwiyantlukwano yemfuza kwaye isoyikise ukhuseleko lokutya.
“Ukwanda kwamalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza kwizityalo kukusetyenziswa kakubi kwamalungelo awodwa kwaye kubeka emngciphekweni ufikelelo kwizibonelelo ezisisiseko kwezolimo nemveliso yokutya. Sifuna ukuba imikroba kumthetho welungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza kwinkalo ye-biotechnology kunye nokuzala kwezityalo kuvalwe ngokungxamisekileyo kwaye makwenziwe imigaqo ecacileyo engabandakanyi ukufuya okuqhelekileyo kwilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza. UKatherine Dolan ovela kuMKHOMBA KANOWA. Abavelisi bezityalo badinga ukufikelela kwimathiriyeli yemfuza ukuze baphuhlise izityalo ezivumelana nemozulu. Umlimi ilungelo kwimbewu kufuneka kuqinisekiswe.
“Injineli entsha yemfuzo kwezolimo kufuneka iqhubeke nokulawulwa ngokuhambelana nomgaqo wokhuseleko. Izityalo ze-NGT kufuneka zilawulwe ngokufanelekileyo, nge uphawu kunye nolawulo lokhuseleko ukukhusela impilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo ukuqinisekisa ukungafihli kunye nokulandeleka kulo lonke ikhonkco lokubonelela abathengi kunye namafama. " UBrigitte Reisenberger, isithethi seGLOBAL 2000 yobunjineli bofuzo.
Photo / Ividiyo: IGLOBAL 2000 / uChristopher Glanzl.
