Isicwangciso sikaLucas: iiinjini zomoya kunye neempompo zobushushu endaweni yokuveliswa kwezixhobo S4F AT

nguMartin Auer

Phantse kwiminyaka engama-50 eyadlulayo, abasebenzi bendibano yaseBritane uLucas Aerospace bazoba isicwangciso esineenkcukacha zokutshintsha ukusuka kwimveliso yasemkhosini ukuya kwimveliso ehambelana nemozulu, ehambelana nokusingqongileyo kunye neemveliso ezilungele abantu. Bafuna ilungelo “lomsebenzi oluncedo ekuhlaleni”. Umzekelo ubonisa ukuba intshukumo yemozulu inokufikelela ngempumelelo kubasebenzi abakwimizi-mveliso engathathi ntweni.

Uluntu lwethu luvelisa iimveliso ezininzi ezinobungozi kwindalo kwaye ngoko ke nakubantu. Eyona mizekelo ixhaphakileyo ziinjini zokutsha, iimveliso zeplastiki ezininzi okanye iikhemikhali kwizinto ezininzi zokucoca kunye nezinto zokuthambisa. Ezinye iimveliso ziveliswa ngendlela eyingozi kwindalo esingqongileyo, ngokuyintloko ngokusebenzisa amandla avela kumafutha efosili ukuzivelisa, okanye ngokukhupha umsi, ilindle okanye inkunkuma eqinileyo kwindawo engqongileyo. Ezinye iimveliso zenziwe kakhulu kakhulu, cinga nje ngefashoni ekhawulezayo kunye nezinye iimveliso ezilahlayo kunye nazo zonke ezo mveliso ukusuka kwiilaptops ukuya kwiiteki ezinokuhlala ixesha elide ukuba azizange ziyilwe kwasekuqaleni ukuba zingasebenzi ngokukhawuleza okanye zophuka (oku kukwenza. ebizwa ngokuba kukungafezeki okucwangcisiweyo). Okanye cinga ngeemveliso zezolimo eziyingozi kwimekobume xa ziveliswa yaye ziyingozi empilweni xa (ngokugqith’ emgceni) zisetyenzisiwe, njengezixa ezikhulu zemveliso yenyama evela kumzi-mveliso okanye iimveliso zecuba.

Kodwa imisebenzi ixhomekeke kuzo zonke ezi mveliso. Kwaye umvuzo wabantu abaninzi uxhomekeke kule misebenzi nakulo mvuzo impilo-ntle yabo neyeentsapho zabo.

Abasebenzi abaninzi bangathanda ukuba nelizwi elithe chatha ukuze benze inkampani yabo ikhuseleke ngakumbi kokusingqongileyo kunye nentlalontle

Abantu abaninzi bayayibona ingozi yentlekele yemozulu kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kokusingqongileyo, abaninzi bayazi ukuba umsebenzi wabo ayisiyiyo eyona mozulu ilungileyo kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ngokutsho kophando lwakutsha nje lwabasebenzi be-2.000 e-US kunye nabaninzi base-UK, isibini kwisithathu salabo babuzwayo bacinga ukuba inkampani abasebenza kuyo "ayenzi imizamo eyaneleyo yokujongana nemiba yendalo kunye nentlalontle". I-45% (e-UK) kunye ne-39% (e-US) ikholelwa ukuba abaphathi abaphezulu abanandaba nale nkxalabo kwaye baphuma kuphela ngenxa yenzuzo yabo. Uninzi lunokukhetha ukusebenza kwinkampani “enempembelelo entle kwihlabathi” kwaye malunga nesiqingatha siya kuqwalasela ukutshintsha imisebenzi ukuba ixabiso lenkampani alihambelani nezabo iinqobo. Kwabo bangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40, phantse isiqingatha siya kuncama umvuzo wokwenza oko, kwaye isibini kwisithathu singathanda ukuba nefuthe elingakumbi lokubona amashishini abo “etshintsha abe ngcono”1.

Ungayigcina njani imisebenzi ngexesha lobunzima?

I "Lucas Plan" edumileyo inika umzekelo wendlela abasebenzi banokuzama ngayo ukusebenzisa impembelelo yabo ngendlela ebambekayo.

Ngeminyaka yee-1970, ishishini laseBritani lalikwingxaki enkulu. Ngokubhekiselele kwimveliso yaye ngaloo ndlela ukukhuphisana, lalisele lisemva kwamanye amazwe amashishini. Iinkampani zisabele ngamanyathelo okulungelelaniswa, ukudityaniswa kweenkampani kunye nokuncitshiswa kwemisebenzi.2 Abasebenzi kwinkampani yezixhobo iLucas Aerospace nabo bazibona besongelwa liza lokudendwa. Kwelinye icala, oku kwakunxulumene nengxaki jikelele kushishino kwaye, kwelinye icala, kwinto yokuba urhulumente wezaBasebenzi ngelo xesha wayeceba ukunciphisa inkcitho yezixhobo. ULucas Aerospace uvelise amacandelo kwiinkampani ezinkulu zeenqwelomoya zasemkhosini e-UK. Inkampani yenza malunga nesiqingatha sentengiso yayo kwicandelo lomkhosi. Ukususela ngowe-1970 ukuya kutsho kowe-1975, uLucas Aerospace wayeka imisebenzi engama-5.000 kwi-18.000 yokuqala, yaye abasebenzi abaninzi bazifumanisa bengasebenzi ngobusuku nje obunye.3

Amagosa asebenza ngokubambisana

Kwimeko yonxunguphalo, abaphathi beevenkile kwiindawo ezili-13 zemveliso baseka iKomiti eHlanganisiweyo. Igama elithi "shop steward" lingatolikwa kuphela ngokuthi "amabhunga emisebenzi". Abaphathi beevenkile baseBritane babengenalo ukhuselo ekugxothweni kwaye akukho malungelo asemthethweni okuba nelizwi kwinkampani. Banyulwe ngokuthe ngqo ngabalingane babo kwaye babenoxanduva ngokuthe ngqo kubo. Basenokuvotelwa ukuba baphume nangaliphi na ixesha ngesininzi esilula. Bamele oogxa babo kubaphathi nakwimibutho. Ishop steward ibingabotshelelwanga yimiyalelo yemibutho, koko bebeyimela koogxa babo baze baqokelele imali yobulungu, umzekelo.4

Eyona nto yayingaqhelekanga ngeLucas Combine yayikukuba yayidibanisa abasebenzi abanobuchule nabangaqeqeshelwanga umsebenzi, kunye nabaphathi beevenkile babakhi nabayili, ababeququzelelwe kwiimanyano ezahlukeneyo.

Kwinkqubo yalo yonyulo phambi kowe-1974, uMbutho wabaSebenzi wawuzibekele usukelo lokunciphisa inkcitho yezixhobo. I-Lucas Combine yamkele le njongo, nangona kwakuthetha ukuba iiprojekthi eziqhubekayo zeLucas Aerospace zazisengozini. Izicwangciso zikarhulumente zomeleza umnqweno wabasebenzi baseLucas wokuvelisa iimveliso zasekuhlaleni endaweni yoko. Xa abaSebenzi babuyela kurhulumente ngoFebruwari 1974, iNdibano yonyusa ubutshantliziyo kwaye yafumana intlanganiso kunye noNobhala wezoShishino uTony Benn, owayechukumisekile ziingxoxo zabo. Nangona kunjalo, iQela lezaBasebenzi lalifuna ukwenza ishishini lezophapho libe phantsi kweli lizwe. Abasebenzi bakaLucas babekuthandabuza oku. Urhulumente akufanele abe nolawulo kwimveliso, kodwa abasebenzi ngokwabo.5

Uluhlu lolwazi, izakhono kunye nezibonelelo kwinkampani

Omnye wabaphathi beevenkile yayiyinjineli yoyilo uMike Cooley (1934-2020). Kwincwadi yakhe ethi Architect or Bee? Ixabiso loLuntu lobuChwepheshe, "utshilo, "sabhala ileta echaza ukubunjwa kwabasebenzi ngokweminyaka kunye neseti yezakhono, izixhobo zoomatshini, izixhobo kunye neelabhoratri esinazo, kunye nabasebenzi besayensi kunye nobuchule babo bokuyila. ” Le leta yathunyelwa kumagunya aphambili ali-180, amaziko, iiyunivesithi, imibutho yabasebenzi neminye imibutho eyayikhe yathetha ngokuphandle ngemibandela yokusetyenziswa kobugcisa ngokufanelekileyo ekuhlaleni, ibuza oku: “Yintoni enokwenziwa ngabasebenzi abanezi zakhono nezi zixhobo? kumdla woluntu ngokubanzi?”. Kwaphendula bane kuphela.6

Kufuneka sibuze abasebenzi

“Senze ke into ebekufanele ukuba siyenze kwasekuqaleni: sabuza abasebenzi bethu ukuba bacinga ukuba mabavelise ntoni na.” Ngokwenza oko, abaphenduli kufuneka bathathele ingqalelo kungekuphela nje indima yabo njengabavelisi kodwa nanjengabathengi. Ingcamango yeprojekthi yasiwa kwiindawo zokuvelisa umntu ngamnye ngabaphathi beevenkile kwaye yanikezelwa kubasebenzi “kwii-teach-ins” nakwiintlanganiso ezininzi.

Kwiiveki ezine, iingcebiso ze-150 zathunyelwa ngabasebenzi bakaLucas. Ezi zindululo zavavanywa kwaye ezinye zakhokelela kwizicwangciso zokwakha ezibambekayo, ukubalwa kweendleko kunye nengeniso kunye neeprototypes ezithile. NgoJanuwari 1976, iLucas Plan yanikezelwa eluntwini. I-Financial Times iyichaze njengenye "yezona zicwangciso zinzima zabasebenzi abakhe baqulunqa inkampani yabo."7

Isicwangciso

Olu cwangciso lwalunemiqulu emithandathu, ngamnye unamaphepha angama-200. I-Lucas Combine ifune umxube weemveliso: iimveliso ezinokuveliswa ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu kunye nezo zifuna ukuphuhliswa kwexesha elide. Iimveliso ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe kwiGlobal North (ngoko: "metropolis") kunye nezo ziya kulungelelaniswa neemfuno zeGlobal South (ngoko: "ihlabathi lesithathu"). Kwaye ekugqibeleni, kufuneka kubekho umxube weemveliso eziya kuba nenzuzo ngokwemiqathango yoqoqosho lwemarike kunye nezo zingayi kuba nenzuzo kodwa ziya kuba luncedo olukhulu kuluntu.8

Iimveliso zonyango

Ngaphambi kweSicwangciso sikaLucas, abasebenzi bakaLucas baphuhlise "iHobcart" kubantwana abane-spina bifida, i-congenital defect of the spinal cord. Ingcamango yayikukuba isitulo esinamavili siya kwenza abantwana bahluke kwabanye. I-hobcart, ebonakala ngathi yinqwelo yokuhamba, yayifanele ukubavumela ukuba badlale ngokulinganayo kunye noontanga babo. I-Australia Spina Bifida Association yayifuna uku-odola i-2.000 yezi, kodwa uLucas wala ukwenza imveliso ibe yinyani. Ulwakhiwo lweHobcart lwalulula kangangokuba kamva lunokuveliswa lulutsha kwindawo yokugcinwa kwabantwana, kunye nenzuzo eyongezelelweyo yokubethelela ulwazi lwengqesho enentsingiselo ekukhubekiseni ulutsha.9

Ezinye iingcebiso ezibambekayo kwiimveliso zonyango zezi: inkqubo yokuxhasa ubomi enokuthuthwa yabantu abahlaselwe sisifo sentliziyo, enokusetyenziswa ukuvala ixesha de bafike esibhedlele, okanye umatshini wokucofa igazi wasekhaya olungiselelwe abantu abanezintso ezingasebenzi kakuhle. ibavumela ukuba bandwendwele ikliniki amaxesha amaninzi ngeveki. Ngelo xesha, iGreat Britain yayingabonelelwanga kakhulu ngoomatshini be-dialysis, ngokukaCooley, abantu abangama-3.000 bafa minyaka le ngenxa yayo. Kwindawo yaseBirmingham, wabhala, awukwazi ukufumana indawo kwiklinikhi ye-dialysis ukuba ungaphantsi kwe-15 okanye ngaphezulu kwe-45.10 I-subsidiary kaLucas yenze oomatshini bokucofa i-dialysis esibhedlele ababebonwa njengeyona nto ifumanekayo eBritani.11 U-Lucas wayefuna ukuthengisa inkampani kwinkampani yaseSwitzerland, kodwa abasebenzi banqanda oku ngokusongela ukuqhankqalaza kwaye ngexesha elifanayo libiza amanye amapalamente. I-Lucas Plan yabiza i-40% yokwanda kwemveliso yomatshini we-dialysis. “Sicinga ukuba lihlazo into yokuba abantu basweleke ngenxa yokuba bengenabo oomatshini bokucofa amanzi, ngelixa abo banokuvelisa oomatshini basemngciphekweni wokungaphangeli.12

Amandla ahlaziyekayo

Iqela elikhulu lemveliso elichaphazelekayo kwiinkqubo zamandla ahlaziyekayo. Ulwazi lwe-aerodynamic oluvela kwimveliso yeenqwelo-moya kufuneka lusetyenziswe kulwakhiwo lweeinjini zomoya. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeepaneli zelanga ziye zaphuhliswa kwaye intsimi yavavanywa kwikhaya eliphantsi kwamandla ngumyili uClive Latimer. Le ndlu yayilungiselelwe ukuba yakhiwe ngabanini ngokwabo ngenkxaso yabasebenzi abanobuchule.13 Kwiprojekthi edibeneyo kunye neBhunga leMilton Keynes, iimpompo zokufudumala ziphuhlisiwe kunye neeprototypes ezifakwe kwamanye amakhaya ebhunga. Iimpompo zobushushu zaziqhutywa ngokuthe ngqo ngegesi yendalo endaweni yombane oveliswe yigesi yendalo, nto leyo ebangele ulungelelwaniso lwamandla oluphuculweyo.14

ukuhamba-hamba

Kwindawo yokuhamba, abasebenzi bakaLucas baphuhlise injini ye-petroli yombane. Umgaqo (owathi, ngendlela, waphuhliswa nguFerdinand Porsche emva kowe-1902): i-injini yokutsha encinci ehamba ngesantya esiphezulu inika i-motor yombane ngombane. Ngenxa yoko, kufuneka kusetyenziswe amafutha amancinci kune-injini yokutsha kwaye iibhetri ezincinci ziya kufuneka kunemoto yombane kuphela. Iprototype yakhiwa kwaye yavavanywa ngempumelelo kwiKholeji yaseQueen Mary, eLondon, kwikota yenkulungwane ngaphambi kokuba iToyota isungule iPrius.15

Omnye umsebenzi yayiyibhasi eyayinokusebenzisa uthungelwano lukaloliwe nothungelwano lweendlela. Amavili erabha ayeyenza ikwazi ukukhwela umnqantsa ngaphezu kwelocomotive enamavili entsimbi. Oku kufuneka kwenze ukuba kube nokwenzeka ukulungelelanisa iindlela zikaloliwe kwinkangeleko yomhlaba endaweni yokunqumla iinduli kunye nokuvala iintlambo ngeebhulorho. Ingenza ukuba kungabizi mali ininzi ukwakha oololiwe abatsha kuMzantsi weHlabathi. Kuphela ngamavili amancinane okukhokela intsimbi ayegcina isithuthi kwiintsimbi. Oku kunokurhoxiswa xa isithuthi sisuka kumzila kaloliwe sisiya kwindlela. Iprototype yavavanywa ngempumelelo kuloliwe wase-East Kent.16

Ufumene Ulwazi Oluthuleyo

Olunye ugxininiso yayizizixhobo "ze-telechiric", oko kukuthi izixhobo ezilawulwa kude ezihambisa iintshukumo zesandla somntu kwii-grippers. Ngokomzekelo, zifanele zisetyenziselwe umsebenzi wokulungisa ngaphantsi kwamanzi ukunciphisa umngcipheko weengozi kubasebenzi. Ukucwangcisa irobhothi esebenza ngeendlela ezininzi kulo msebenzi kuye kwabonakala ngathi akunakwenzeka. Ukuqaphela intloko ye-screw ene-hexagonal, ukukhetha i-wrench elungileyo kunye nokusebenzisa amandla afanelekileyo kufuna isixa esikhulu senkqubo. Kodwa umsebénzi onobuchule unokuwenza lo msebenzi “ngaphandle kokucinga ngawo.” UCooley ulubize olu lwazi “lulwazi olufihlakeleyo.” Abo babandakanyekayo kwisiCwangciso sikaLucas bakwaxhalele ukugcinwa kolu lwazi lunamandla kubasebenzi endaweni yokulususa ngokusebenzisa idijithali.17

Iimveliso zeGlobal South

Iprojekthi yomatshini wamandla ojikelezayo osetyenziswa kwiGlobal South yayifana nendlela yokucinga yabasebenzi bakaLucas. “Okwangoku, urhwebo lwethu nala mazwe luneo-colonial,” wabhala uCooley. "Sizama ukwazisa iindlela zobuchwepheshe ezenza ukuba zixhomekeke kuthi." Umatshini wamandla ojikelezayo kufuneka ukwazi ukusebenzisa amafutha ahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwiplanga ukuya kwigesi ye-methane. Yayiza kuxhotyiswa ngebhokisi yegiya ekhethekileyo eyayiza kuvumela izantya zokuphuma eziguquguqukayo: ngesantya esiphezulu inokuqhuba ijenereyitha yokukhanyisa ebusuku, ngesantya esisezantsi inokuqhuba icompressor yezixhobo zomoya okanye izixhobo zokuphakamisa, kwaye ngesantya esiphantsi kakhulu iyakwazi. qhuba impompo yokunkcenkceshela . Amacandelo ayeyilelwe ubomi benkonzo yeminyaka engama-20, kwaye le ncwadana yenzelwe ukuba abasebenzisi bakwazi ukuzilungisa ngokwabo.18

Yintoni eluncedo ekuhlaleni?

Abasebenzi bakaLucas abakhange banike ngcaciso yezemfundo “yomsebenzi oluncedo ekuhlaleni,” kodwa izimvo zabo zahluke ngokuphawulekayo kwezabaphathi. Abaphathi babhala ukuba “abanakuvuma ukuba iinqwelo-moya [ze-sic], ezasekuhlaleni nezomkhosi, akufuneki zibe luncedo ekuhlaleni. Iinqwelomoya zoluntu zisetyenziselwa ishishini kunye nolonwabo, kwaye kuyafuneka ukugcina iinqwelomoya zomkhosi ngeenjongo zokuzikhusela. (…) Sinyanzelisa ukuba [sic] zonke iimveliso zeLucas Aerospace ziluncedo ekuhlaleni. "19

Isiqubulo sabasebenzi bakaLucas, kwelinye icala, sasisithi: "Akukho bhombu okanye isitampu, guqula nje!"20

Ezinye iimpawu eziphambili zeemveliso eziluncedo eluntwini ziye zavela:

• Ulwakhiwo, ukusebenza kunye nesiphumo seemveliso kufuneka kuqondwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
• Kufuneka zilungiswe, zibe lula kwaye zomelele kangangoko kwaye ziyilelwe ukuhlala ixesha elide.
• Ukuveliswa, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokulungiswa kufuneka kugcinwe umbane, ukugcinwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokuzinza kwendalo.
• Imveliso kufuneka ikhuthaze intsebenziswano phakathi kwabantu njengabavelisi kunye nabathengi, kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwezizwe kunye namazwe.
• Iimveliso kufuneka zibe luncedo kubantu abancinci kunye nabantu abahlelelekileyo.
• Iimveliso ze "Ihlabathi Lesithathu" (i-Global South) kufuneka yenze ubudlelwane obulinganayo.
• Iimveliso kufuneka zixatyiswe ngexabiso labo lokusetyenziswa kunexabiso labo lokutshintshiselana.
• Kwimveliso, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokulungiswa, ingqwalasela akufanele ihlawulwe kuphela kwimpumelelo enkulu kakhulu, kodwa kunye nokugcina nokudlulisa izakhono nolwazi.

Abaphathi bayala

Isicwangciso sikaLucas asiphumelelanga kwelinye icala ngenxa yokuchaswa kwabaphathi benkampani kunye nokwala kwabo ukuqaphela iKomidi edibeneyo njengeqabane lothethathethwano. Ulawulo lwenkampani lugatyile ukuveliswa kweempompo zobushushu kuba zazingenangeniso. Kulapho abasebenzi bakaLucas bafunda ukuba inkampani igunyazise inkampani yokubonisana yaseMelika ukuba yenze ingxelo, kwaye loo ngxelo yathi imarike yeempompo zobushushu kwinto eyayiyi-European Union yayiza kuba yi-£ 1980 yebhiliyoni ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-XNUMX. "Ngoko uLucas wayezimisele ukuyeka imarike enjalo nje ukubonisa ukuba uLucas, kwaye uLucas kuphela, wayenamandla okugqiba oko kwaveliswayo, indlela eveliswe ngayo, kunye neminqweno kabani."21

Inkxaso yomanyano ixutyiwe

Inkxaso yemanyano yase-UK yeCombine yayixubene kakhulu. Umbutho wabasebenzi bezoThutho (TGWU) usixhase esi sicwangciso. Ngokujonga ukucuthwa okulindelekileyo kwinkcitho yokhuselo, ukhuthaze amagosa evenkile kwezinye iinkampani ukuba athathe izimvo zesicwangciso sikaLucas. Ngelixa umbutho omkhulu, i-Trade Union Congress (TUC), iqale yabonisa inkxaso, imibutho emincinci eyahlukeneyo yabona ukuba i-Combine ishiye ilungelo labo lokumelwa. Umbutho oneendawo ezininzi, ezinqamlezileyo ezifana neNdibaniselwano ayizange ingene kubume obucandekileyo bemibutho yomanyano ngokwahlulwa kunye nommandla wejografi. Owona mqobo ubonise ukuba sisimo sengqondo seManyano yoLwakhiwo lweenqanawa nobuNjineli (CSEU), eyagxininisa ekulawuleni lonke unxibelelwano phakathi kweemanyano zabasebenzi kunye namagosa karhulumente. IManyano yabona umsebenzi wayo kuphela njengokugcina imisebenzi, nokuba zithini na iimveliso.

Urhulumente unezinye izinto anomdla kuzo

Urhulumente wabaSebenzi ngokwakhe wayenomdla ngakumbi kubunkokeli beBritane kushishino lwezixhobo kunenye imveliso. Emva kokuba iLabour ibhukuqiwe kunye neqela likaMargaret Thatcher Conservative Party lathatha amandla, amathuba esi sicwangciso ayengekho.22

ILifa leSicwangciso sikaLucas

Nangona kunjalo, iSicwangciso sikaLucas sishiye ilifa elisaxoxwa ngoxolo, indalo kunye nemibutho yabasebenzi namhlanje. Esi sicwangciso sikwaphembelele ukusekwa kweZiko leeNdlela eziManyeneyo zoShishino kunye neeNkqubo zeTekhnoloji (CAITS) eNortheast London Polytechnic (ngoku eyiYunivesithi yoMntla Monti) kunye neYunithi yoPhuhliso lweeMveliso ezizezinye (UDAP) eCoventry Polytechnic. UMike Cooley, omnye wabaphathi beevenkile zokuqhuba, wawongwa "Ilungelo lokuphila elifanelekileyo' (ekwaziwa ngokuba 'yiMvuzo yeNobel engenye').23 Ngaloo nyaka wapheliswa nguLucas Aerospace. NjengoMlawuli weTekhnoloji kwiBhodi yoShishino eNkulu yaseLondon, wakwazi ukuqhubela phambili ukuphuhlisa itekhnoloji yabantu.

Ifilimu: Akukho mntu ufuna ukwazi?

Ngo-1978 iYunivesithi eVulekileyo, eyona yunivesithi inkulu kawonke-wonke e-Great Britain, yagunyazisa umboniso bhanya-bhanya othi “Ngaba akukho mntu ufuna ukwazi?”, apho amagosa evenkile, iinjineli, abasebenzi abanezakhono nabangenabuchule bathi: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0pgQqfpub-c

Ukuveliswa kokusingqongileyo kunye nabantu abanokuyilwa kunye nabasebenzi kuphela

Umzekelo weSicwangciso sikaLucas kufuneka ukhuthaze intshukumo yobulungisa bemozulu ukuba inxibelelane nabasebenzi kumashishini kunye neemveliso "ezingezizo imozulu" ngakumbi. Ingxelo ekhethekileyo ye-APCC "Izakhiwo zobomi obulungele imozulu" ithi: "Iinkqubo zokutshintsha kwindawo yokufumana umsebenzi ngokubhekiselele kubomi obunobuhlobo bemozulu zinokuququzelelwa ngokuthatha inxaxheba ngokusebenzayo kwabasebenzi ngenkxaso yokusebenza kunye nezopolitiko kunye nokujoliswe kwimozulu. -ubomi obunobuhlobo".24

Kwacaca kubasebenzi bakaLucas kwasekuqaleni ukuba isicwangciso sabo asiyi kuguqula yonke indawo yoshishino yaseBrithani: "Iinjongo zethu zilinganiswe kakhulu: sifuna umngeni kwiingcamango ezisisiseko zoluntu lwethu kwaye senze igalelo elincinci kuyo. ngokubonisa ukuba abasebenzi bakulungele ukulwela ilungelo lokusebenza kwiimveliso ezicombulula ngokwenene iingxaki zabantu, kunokuba bazidalele ngokwabo.”25

Quellen

Cooley, Mike (1987): Architect okanye Bee? Ixabiso loLuntu lobuChwephesha. eLondon.

I-APCC (2023): Isishwankathelo sabenzi bezigqibo Kwi: Ingxelo eKhethekileyo: Ubume bokuphila obulungele imozulu. Berlin/Heidelberg.: Springer Spectrum. Kwi-intanethi: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4225480

Löw-Beer, Peter (1981): Ishishini kunye nolonwabo: Isicwangciso esisesinye se-Lucas Aerospace. Ngegalelo lika-Alfred Sohn-Rethel: ingqiqo yemveliso ngokuchasene nezopolitiko zolwabiwo. eBerlin.

UMc Loughlin, uKeith (2017): Imveliso eluncedo kwintlalontle kwishishini lokukhusela: i-Lucas Aerospace ikomiti yokudibanisa kunye norhulumente we-Labour, i-1974-1979. Kwi: Contemporary British History 31 (4), iphepha 524-545. I-DOI: 10.1080/13619462.2017.1401470.

Umgca wedole okanye iiprojekthi eziluncedo? Kwi: New Scientist, vol 67, 3.7.1975:10-12.

Salesbury, uBrian (oJ): Ibali leSicwangciso sikaLucas. https://lucasplan.org.uk/story-of-the-lucas-plan/

Wainwright, Hilary/Elliot, Dave (2018 [1982]): Isicwangciso sikaLucas: Imanyano yabasebenzi entsha ekwenzeni? nottingham

Okuphawulweyo: IiPlas zamaKristu
Ifoto yeqweqwe: Iifilimu zeWorcester Radical

Umbhalo osemazantsi

1 2023 Net Positive Employee Barometer: https://www.paulpolman.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/MC_Paul-Polman_Net-Positive-Employee-Barometer_Final_web.pdf

2 Löw-Beer 1981: 20-25

3 McLoughlin 2017: 4th

4 Löw-Beer 1981: 34

5 McLoughlin 2017: 6

6 Cooley 1987:118

7 IFinancial Times, kaJanuwari 23.1.1976, XNUMX, icatshulwe kuyo https://notesfrombelow.org/article/bringing-back-the-lucas-plan

8 Cooley 1987:119

9 New Scientist 1975, vol 67:11.

10 Cooley 1987: 127.

11 Wainwright/Elliot 2018:40.

12 Wainwright/Elliot 2018: 101.

13 Cooley 1987:121

14 Cooley 1982: 121-122

15 Cooley 1987: 122-124.

16 Cooley 1987: 126-127

17 Cooley 1987: 128-129

18 Cooley 1987: 126-127

19 Löw-Beer 1981: 120

20 McLoughlin 2017: 10th

21 Cooley 1987:140

22 McLoughlin 2017: 11-14

23 Salesbury nd

24 I-APCC 2023: 17.

25 ULucas Aerospace Combine Plan, ecatshulwe kuLöw-Beer (1982): 104