Helmut Melzer
Ikamva lagqitywa ekuqaqanjeni kwamehlo: Phambi kweminyaka eyi-4,6 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, umhlaba wenziwa ngerhasi nothuli, kumashumi nje ambalwa eminyaka ukupheliswa kwabo - kunye nabemi babo - baya kutywinwa. Kwaye, yintoni irony, njengentlekele yamaGrike: "yindoda yokucinga", ecingelwa ukuba iphezulu kwindalo, isongela uMama wendalo kunye nobukho bayo. -Kodwa iyatshintsha.
"Imalunga nembono entsha yehlabathi. Sisesikhundleni sokuzisa inkqubo yomhlaba kwiindlela ezahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo, "uDirk Messner
Iplanethi iya kusindiswa-UDirk Messner naye uqinisekile ngale nto. Ingcali yaseJamani kuphuhliso lwehlabathi ngomnye wabo bantu bajonge kwikamva ngokuzithemba nangona ikhona imiceli mngeni. Kwaye ungummeli wabo basibona ekudibaneni kweendlela ukuya kwixesha elitsha. Ekuqaleni kwelona xesha lelona libalulekileyo kulutsha. Imalunga nembono entsha. Sikwimeko yokuthatha inkqubo yomhlaba ihambe ngeendlela ezahluke mpela, ”utshilo uMessner, ebonisa indlela - eya ekuqondeni umbono jikelele wehlabathi kunye nozinzo oluyimfuneko. Kwaye angangqina: Ngesifundo "sekhontrakthi yoLuntu yoTshintsho olukhulu. Indlela eya kuqoqosho lwemozulu enobuntu "kunye noogxa bakhe babangele uvakalelo kwihlabathi liphela.
Imbono yehlabathi elitsha
Umhlaba yidiski kwaye usembindini wendalo iphela. -Iinkumbulo zethu ezidibeneyo ziyazi ngcono. Kodwa, ngaba uluntu lwethu, olukhokelwa yingqondo kunye nesizathu, lubekeka phi ubuntwana balo? Uphengululo lwehlabathi lonke UPhononongo lweenqobo zehlabathi lingqina utshintsho kutshintsho lwehlabathi elitsha. Kwiminyaka edlulileyo ye-30, idatha iqokelelwe kumazwe e-97 kuzo zonke iinkcubeko kunye nemimandla yehlabathi, edibeneyo yenza ngaphezulu kweepesenti ze-88 zabemi behlabathi. Isiphumo sibonisa umbono oguqukayo wehlabathi: Abantu kuwo onke amazwe ehlabathi ngoku banesivumelwano esikhulu: Ukutshintsha kwemozulu yingxaki enkulu, yendalo esingqongileyo (89,3 ipesenti yabaphendulileyo kumazwe e-49, n = 62.684). Uninzi lwamazwe, ukubaluleka kokukhuselwa kwendalo kudlula kwaleyo yokukhula koqoqosho nemisebenzi. Kwaye: Iipesenti ze-65,8 zabaphenduli (n = 68.123) banokuvuma ukuyeka enye ingeniso yabo ukuba imali ibisetyenziselwa ukulwa ungcoliseko.
Inguquko ethe cwaka
Inzululwazi yezopolitiko yase-US URonald Inglehart Ithetha "ngenguquko ethe cwaka" ejongene nemeko yokusingqongileyo kunye nozinzo, umbono omtsha wehlabathi. Ingcinga yakhe yotshintsho kumaxabiso icaciswe ngokufutshane: Ukuba inqanaba elithile lempumelelo linokufikelelwa, uluntu luyasuka "kwiimfuno zezinto eziphathekayo" luye "kwiimfuno zasemva kokuthanda izinto". Imbali ibonakala iyakuqinisekisa oku. Emva kweMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, kwabakho ukulandelwa ngokubanzi kukhuseleko lomzimba, uzinzo kwezoqoqosho kunye nocwangco. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu, nangona kunjalo, ukubaluleka "kweemfuno zasemva kwempahla" kuye kwanda. Ukuzazisa, ukuthatha inxaxheba kurhulumente kunye nenkululeko yokuthetha kunye nokunyamezelana kuza phambili kwaye ngoku kunwenwe ngokubanzi. Kananjalo ubuninzi bokuzinza. Ukongeza kumbono omtsha wehlabathi, kuyanda abameli bale nkqubo yangoku yeHolocene yomhlaba ukuze ithathelwe indawo yiAnthropocene. Isizathu esivakalayo: impembelelo yabantu kudala ingamandla okumisela umhlaba kunye nomhlaba. "Nabani na ofuna ukujonga ukukhula kwamalwandle kwiinkulungwane zonke kufuneka ajonge ukusetyenziswa kwabantu," utshilo uDirk Messner, ethetha ngamandla onke endalo, elingana "nenkqubo ye-geoengineering engacetywanga". Ke ngoko, imigaqo, iikhonsepthi kunye nefilosofi ziyafuneka ezinika amandla ombono wehlabathi omtsha. "Njengamalungelo oluntu okanye umthetho wamazwe aphesheya kwindawo yabo, kufuneka sithathe uxanduva ngenkqubo yomhlaba nakwizizukulwana ezizayo," inyani yozinzo ifuna njalo.
Inguqu enkulu iyeza
Inye into esele iqinisekile: okubizwa ngokuba "yinguqu enkulu" ayizukuba kudala. Ngaphandle kotshintsho kumbono wehlabathi, alunakuvinjwa ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Oku sele kungqinwe ziingcali ze-US UMichael SpenceI-2050 iya kuba likhaya kubantu abamalunga neebhiliyoni ezilithoba kumhlaba oyiPlanethi. Utshintsho lwemozulu luya kuqhubeka ukuqhubela phambili. Amazwe asakhulayo nasakhulayo ekugqibeleni ayabanjwa ngamazwe ahambele phambili kwezoqoqosho. Isinikezeli: "Amandla oqoqosho kufuneka aguqulwe. Ngokuqinisekileyo siya kufumana utshintsho olukhulu. Umbuzo ngulo: Ngaba singakwazi ukubakhokelela kuzinzo? Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba uguquko lubalulekile kwezemali kuqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye nokuvuselelwa ngokutsha koluntu sele kuqalile. Owona mceli mngeni mkhulu lixesha lesiseko ".
Iindlela ezine kwikamva
Abaqhubi abane abanokubangela utshintsho kwiqondo lehlabathi. Ingxaki: zintathu kuphela ezinokuhlawuleka. Imibono-efana naleyo ekhokelele ekusekweni kwe-European Union-isekwe kwiinjongo nakwisizathu. Itekhnoloji kunye nezinto ezintsha zivelise inguqu ye-IT. Umqhubi oqhutywa lulwazi kuphela olufuna ulwazi malunga neengxaki. Yakhokelela ekuqondeni komngxuma we-ozone. Nangona kunjalo, iingxaki kufuneka zithathwe njengezona zibalulekileyo zokuqhuba: Zenza utshintsho kwiingxaki ezinkulu, akunakulawuleka kwaye zinokukhokelela kwiindlela eziphosakeleyo. Uthungela ukuba urhwebo lothintelo lubaluleke kakhulu kutshintsho oluya kuzinza, kuba xa imeko yemozulu kunye nehlabathi itshintsha kuqala kwiingxwabangxwaba zomhlaba, oku kunokuba neziphumo ezingenakuphikiswa.
Yintoni ekufuneka uyenze?
Ukwenza isigqibo ngekamva elizinzileyo kukuhlengahlengiswa kweendawo ezintathu ngokukodwa: amandla, ukufudukela edolophini kunye nokusetyenziswa komhlaba. Ukuguqulwa kwezinto ezingafakwanga zinto zefosili yinto enokwenza isigqibo. Kwaye, ngokutsho kukaDirk Messner: "Ukusebenza kwe-eneji kubaluleke kakhulu. Iyonke imfuno kufuneka yenziwe ncam kwaye izinziswe. Kungenxa yoko le nto kufuneka kwenziwe uguquko kumandla ahlaziyekayo afikelelekayo. "Ukuziphatha kokusetyenziswa kwabahlali besixeko, ngaphezulu kwayo yonke imbonakalo enkulu ebakhoyo e-Asia, ibaluleke kakhulu apha. "Isixeko kufuneka siphinde sibuyiselwe," yintsingiselo kaMessenger. Kodwa ingcali ikwanethemba ngokwembono yamandla: Ngesabelo sehlabathi se-20 ukuya kwi-30 yepesenti yamandla ahlaziyiweyo okungena kwindawo yokufikelela, nto leyo ebangela ukuguqulelwa kwamaxabiso kumafutha. Kodwa inguquko inokholo: I-US ivumela iYurophu ukuba ikhokele kuphuhliso lwamandla ahlaziyekileyo kwaye bafuna ukungena ngexabiso elifanelekileyo. Kodwa ingaba impumelelo yoqoqosho kwinguqu yamandla izakuzisa izibonelelo zoqoqosho eYurophu azikaphendulwa. Oko kucacisa ukuthandabuza okukhulu.
Iindleko ezinikezelweyo
Ngayiphi na imeko, iindleko zokutshintsha malunga neepesenti ezimbini zemveliso yelizwe liphela inokuncitshiswa kwezemali. Njengenxalenye yokumanyaniswa kwakhona kweJamani, phakathi kwamathandathu anesibhozo eepesenti ze-GNP kutyalwe imali kwi-GDR yangaphambili. Ngamanye amaxesha ingxaki ebalulekileyo: i-500 yezigidigidi zeedola- phantsi nje kwepesenti enye yemveliso yelizwe liphela- isabekwa imali kunyaka ngamnye kwinkxaso-mali yamandla afosileyo.
Ipolitiki yehlabathi iba nzima ngakumbi
Kodwa kwezopolitiko nje, uguquko kuzinzo luya luba nzima ngakumbi, njengoko iinkomfa zemozulu zibonisa. Ipolitiki yehlabathi itshintshile, amandla ayatshintsha ngokubonakalayo kwezoqoqosho ezinkulu ezivelayo njenge China neIndiya. Isilayezi: "Ngelixa amazwe ahambele phambili kwezoqoqosho ebeya kukwazi ukwenza eyawo imigaqo-nkqubo yokuzigcinisa kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka eyadlulayo, utshintsho lwanamhlanje alusenakuphinda lwenziwe lodwa. Kuza kuba nzima: sididekile, kodwa abanye kufuneka bahlawule ngoku. "(Helmut Melzer)
Photo / Ividiyo: Yeko Photo Studio, Shutterstock.
