Ukhuseleko lwemozulu: Ababuyekezi bayawathenga amalungelo ongcoliseko kushishino

Ukubhabha, ukufudumeza, ukuqhuba, ukuthenga. Phantse kuyo yonke into esiyenzayo, sivelisa iigesi zegreenhouse. Ezi ziphembelela ukufudumala kwehlabathi. Nabani na ofuna ukuchasa oku "unokuphelisa" ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse kunye nomnikelo kwiiprojekthi zokukhusela okanye zokwenene zokukhusela imozulu. Kodwa uninzi lwezi zinto kuthiwa yimbuyekezo azizigcini izithembiso zazo. Ngokomzekelo, akukho mntu waziyo ukuba amahlathi amade avela kwiminikelo kwi-CO₂-Imbuyekezo kufuneka ixhaswe ngemali. Impembelelo yezinye iiprojekthi kwindawo ethile "kwiGlobal South" ayinakulawulwa. Yiyo loo nto abanye ababoneleli bekhetha ukusebenzisa iminikelo ukuthenga amalungelo ongcoliseko kwinkqubo yokurhweba ngokukhutshwa kwe-EU kwaye barhoxise kwimarike. 

Iinkampani zemizi-mveliso, abaqhubi bemizi-mveliso yamandla, iinkampani zeenqwelo moya kunye nezinye iinkampani zaseYurophu kufuneka zithenge amalungelo ongcoliseko ngaphambi kokuba zivuthele emoyeni iigesi ezitshabalalisayo ezonakalise imozulu. Ngokuthe ngcembe, le mbopheleleko isebenza kumashishini amaninzi nangakumbi. Ukususela kwi-2027 kutshanje, ngokwezicwangciso ze-EU, iinkampani kwishishini lokwakha, ukuthutha kunye nokuthutha kwendlela, njengabathumeli bempahla, kufuneka kwakhona bafumane amalungelo anjalo okukhutshwa. Ngokuthe ngcembe, le European Emissions Trading System (ETS) igubungela ukuya kutsho kuma-70 ekhulwini azo zonke iigesi ezikhutshwa kwigreenhouse.

Isibonelelo sokukhutshwa kwetoni enye yeCO₂ okwangoku sixabisa ngaphezulu kwe-90 euros. Ekuqaleni konyaka bebesengama-80. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iinkampani zifumene umlinganiselo omkhulu wezi ziqinisekiso ngaphandle kwentlawulo. Unyaka nonyaka, iKomishoni ye-EU ngoku inika amalungelo ambalwa kula malungelo ongcoliseko. Ukususela ngo-2034 akusayi kuphinda kubekho abakhululekileyo. 

Urhwebo olukhutshwayo: imarike yamalungelo ongcoliseko

Abo bangazisebenzisiyo izibonelelo ngenxa yokuba bekhupha iigesi ezimbalwa ze-greenhouse banokuzithengisa kwakhona. Ngaloo ndlela imarike yamalungelo ongcoliseko iye yasekwa. Okukhona zibiza kakhulu ezi zatifiketi, kokukhona kunenzuzo ngakumbi utyalo-mali kukhuseleko lwemozulu.

imibutho enjalo Abaxhasi gxeka ukuba i-EU ikhuphe amaninzi kakhulu kula malungelo ongcoliseko. Ixabiso liphantsi kakhulu ukukhuthaza ukutshintshela kubuchwepheshe obulungele imozulu. “Thina bantu baseYurophu soze sizifezekise iinjongo zethu zemozulu ngolu hlobo,” kubhala iCompensators kwiwebhusayithi yabo. 

Yiyo loo nto benika ukhuseleko lwemozulu isandla sokunceda: baqokelela iminikelo kwaye basebenzise imali ukuthenga amalungelo ongcoliseko, olu shishino lungenakuphinda lusetyenziswe. Ilungu lebhodi yembuyekezo uHendrik Schuldt uthembisa ukuba la malungelo akhutshwayo “akasayi kubuyela emarikeni”. Ekupheleni kukaFebruwari, umbutho wakhe wawufumene iminikelo ye-835.000 ye-euro, izatifikethi malunga ne-12.400 yeetoni ze-CO2. Lo myinge usemncinci kakhulu ukuba ube nefuthe elibonakalayo kwixabiso.

Ukunyusa ixabiso longcoliseko lwemozulu

Okukhona amalungelo ongcoliseko angakumbi abahlawulisi berhoxa kwimarike, kokukhona ixabiso linyuka ngokukhawuleza. Oku kusebenza okoko nje i-EU ingaphosi izatifikethi ezitsha emarikeni ngexabiso eliphantsi okanye simahla. Nangona kunjalo, uSchuldt ucinga ukuba oku akunakwenzeka kakhulu. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, i-EU ithathela ingqalelo iinjongo zayo zemozulu. Enyanisweni, nangoku, kule ngxaki yangoku yamandla, iyekile kuphela ukunyuka kwexabiso lezatifikethi, kodwa ayizange ikhuphe nayiphi na izibonelelo ezongezelelweyo zamahhala okanye ezincitshisiweyo zokukhutshwa kwexabiso.

UMichael Pahle usebenza kurhwebo olukhutshwayo kwiPotsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research PIK. Naye uqinisekiswa yingcamango yababuyekezi. Nangona kunjalo, abatyali-zimali abaninzi bezemali bebeza kuthenga amalungelo ongcoliseko ngo-2021 ukuze baxhamle ekunyukeni kwamaxabiso. Ngebebenyuse amaxabiso kakhulu kangangokuba abezopolitiko bafuna ukuzisa izatifikethi ezongezelelweyo emarikeni ukucothisa ukonyuka kwamaxabiso. UPahle naye uyayibona le ngozi xa “abantu abaninzi abaneembono ezintle bethenga izatifikethi ezininzi kwaye amaxabiso enyuka kakhulu ngenxa yoko”.

Bonisa abezopolitiko ukuba sihlawula ngokuzithandela ukukhuselwa kwemozulu

U-Pahle naye uncoma indlela ye-Compensators ngesinye isizathu: iminikelo ibonise abezopolitiko ukuba abantu bazimisele ukuhlawula ngakumbi ukhuseleko lwemozulu - kwaye nangona ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kumalungelo okukhutshwa.

Ukongeza kubabuyekezi, eminye imibutho iphinda ithenge amalungelo okukhutshwa kwiminikelo abayiqokelelayo: Nangona kunjalo, iCap2 ayijoliswanga kubasebenzisi bokugqibela, kodwa kubatyali-mali abakhulu kwiimarike zemali. Aba banokusebenzisa iCap2 "ukulungelelanisa" izinto ezikhutshwayo ezibangelwa ziiakhawunti zabo zokhuseleko ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo.  

Yahlukile kwi Ingcaciso okanye Ngomso ababuyekezi basebenza ngokuzithandela kumbutho wabo ongenzi nzuzo. Bathembisa ukuba baya kusebenzisa i-98 ekhulwini yeminikelo ukuthenga amalungelo ongcoliseko kunye neepesenti ezi-XNUMX kuphela kwiindleko zolawulo.

Qaphela: Umbhali weli nqaku woyisiwe ngumbono wembuyekezo. Wajoyina iklabhu.

Masiqhubeke singayenza ngcono?

Nabani na ofuna ukwenza into yokukhuselwa kwemozulu ngaphaya kokuphepha, ukunciphisa kunye nokuhlawulela unokubandakanyeka kwiiprojekthi ezininzi. Iminikelo yamkelekile, umzekelo kwi-ZNU ihamba Zero ukusuka kwiYunivesithi yaseWitten-Herdecke okanye i Isiseko seKlimaschutz Plus. Esikhundleni sembuyekezo ye-CO₂, i-offshoot Climate Fair yayo inika ithuba lokuhlawula imali kwiimali zoluntu ezikhuthaza iiprojekthi zokulondoloza amandla kunye nokwandiswa "kokuhlaziywa" eJamani. Ingeniso evela koku ibuyela kwiiprojekthi ezintsha zokukhusela imozulu. Abaxhasi bathatha isigqibo malunga nendlela iimali ezisetyenziswa ngayo.