Elizabeth Oberzaucher
Yintoni isiseko sokubuyela umva naphambili phakathi kwezi zinto zimbini zibekekileyo? Ngaba kufuneka sikhethe enye kwezi zimbini okanye ngaba indlela ethembisayo isembindini? Kwinqanaba lemfuzo, inkcubeko kunye nobugcisa, isiko kunye nezinto ezintsha zisebenza njengabachasi. Iingcali zemveli zizama ukunciphisa umngcipheko ngesicwangciso esincinci esivelisayo ngokuhamba ngomendo ohamba kakuhle kwabo sele benze ngempumelelo. Esi sicwangciso sithembisa ngokuthembisa ukuba iimeko zihlala zifana. Nangona kunjalo, imeko eguqulweyo inokwenza izicwangciso ezizame ukuvavanywa zingenamsebenzi kwaphela.
Ubunzima bemozulu bufuna ukucinga kwakhona
Ngengxaki yemozulu, lonke uluntu lujamelene nengxaki enokuthi isonjululwe kuphela ngezisombululo ezitsha, okanye ubuncinci imiphumo emibi ingathintelwa. Nangona abantu abaninzi beqonda le ngxaki ixesha elide, akukho naluphi na olunzulu nolusebenzayo ukujongana nengxaki sele luphuhlisiwe kwaye lwenziwe. Ingxaki yemozulu ifuna ukucingisisa kwakhona kwaye iphambuke kwizithethe ezibangele uluntu lwethu amaxesha ngamaxesha: ukubaluleka kokukhula, ukuqhelisela inzuzo yexesha elifutshane, ukugxila kumaxabiso ezibonakalayo. Zonke ezi zizikhokelo ezingalunganga ukuba sifuna ukuthintela ezona ziphumo zibi zitshintsho lwemozulu olwenziwe ngabantu.
Isiko vs. I-Innovation = inkwenkwe vs. Mdala?
Kudala kusaziwa ukuba utshintsho olwenziwe ngumntu lwemozulu lunemiphumo emibi kuyo yonke iplanethi. Nangona kunjalo, iqala nje ukushukuma. Imigaqo-nkqubo engqingqwa yemozulu iyaziswa kwamanye amazwe, kodwa umbandela uye wafikelela kuluntu ngokubanzi. Eyona nto iphawuleka kakhulu yophuhliso lwangoku ngokuqinisekileyo NgoLwesihlanu ngeKamva Intshukumo ezisa isizukulwana ezitalatweni zentshukumo yezopolitiko engazange yakholelwa ukuba inokwenzeka. Abantu abancinci benza imeko yemozulu ibe ngumxholo wabo, bathathe isizukulwana esidala kwiimbophelelo zabo ukuba bangonakalisi iplanethi yomhlaba. Ukuguqula amandla adalwe yile ntshukumo ukuba enze amanyathelo afanelekileyo anokucothisa ukutshintsha kwemozulu ngoku ngumceli mngeni omkhulu. Ngokungafaniyo nezenzeli zekhompyutha, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwisenzo kunomvuzo ngokwako kwaye kukunika imvakalelo elungileyo yokuba unegalelo. Unonophelo olukhulu kufuneka luthathelwe apha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ubutshantliziyo abujiki esiphelweni ngokwalo, ngokuzolisa isazela somntu, kwaye emva koko umntu uziva elungile xa ekhwela inqwelomoya uhambo lwangeempelaveki kuba umntu wakhawuleza wabonakalisa.
Intshukumo ihlala iqala ngokunyanzelwa kolwazi, olukhokelela kwingxaki yokuqonda. Xa sele yamkelwe into yokuba kukho ingxaki efuna ukusonjululwa, inyathelo elilandelayo kukucebisa ngezisombululo ezinokuthi ziqwalaselwe ngokubanzi. Nangona ulwazi malunga nengxaki lubonakala lukhona, ukuzimisela ukuthatha inyathelo kuwo onke amanqanaba, ukusuka kwezopolitiko kuye emntwini, kuyathandabuza. Inani leziganeko zengqondo zinoxanduva lokuqinisekisa ukuba amanyathelo aneempembelelo awenziwa kakuhle.
Intshukumo eyodwa yesisa
Oku kuthiwa "Intshukumo eyodwa yesisa”Kukhokelela kwinto yokuba abantu banesidingo sokwenza into, kodwa le mfuno sele yanelisiwe sisenzo. Ke ngoko, sithenga isazela esicocekileyo ngokutshintsha isimilo endaweni enye, sibe nemvakalelo yokuba senze igalelo, kwaye ke sizithethelele ukuba siqhubeke nokuziphatha okonakalisa imozulu kweminye imicimbi.
Indlela nganye abantu abacebisa ukuba bacetyise ngayo ayinakho, ukuzisa umva imeko yophuhliso lwemozulu. Endaweni yoko, imeko ifuna isicwangciso esibanzi esidibanisa amanyathelo amaninzi. Ubunzima bomsebenzi buza kunye nomnye umqobo wokuphunyezwa: Ngenxa yokuba izisombululo ezilula azisebenzi apha, ukuqonda kwethu kuyakhawuleziswa, okukhokelela kukungakwazi ukwenza izigqibo kunye nesiphumo sokungasebenzi.
Ipolitiki yeBunny
Kwezobupolitika, ukujikisa ngamandla ekusebenziseni inkunkuma kunye nokungabinamdla kwezixhobo zeplanethi yinto enobungozi yexesha lethutyana: iindleko ezikhoyo kunye nemfuno yokufumana inzuzo kunye nentuthuzelo yomntu ngamnye inokubeka emngciphekweni ukuvunywa komgaqo-nkqubo onjalo. Nokuba yeyiphi na into ethembisa ukuphuculwa kwexesha elide ngokuthothisa ixesha elifutshane kunokuba yinto enobulumko, kodwa imvakalelo yethu yesisu inyanzelisa ukuxabisa ngokukhawuleza ngaphezulu kwengeniso ezayo.
Akuyi kuba nakwanela ukuxhomekeka kuphela kwiindlela zokomoya zokuzisa utshintsho olungapheliyo. Iimvakalelo ngoku zinokusebenzela ukungcungcuthekisa abantu kwaye zibakhuphe bangasebenzi. Isihloko kufuneka emva koko siziswe kwinqanaba elinengqondo ngokusebenzisa ulwazi olubanzi ukuze ukuvuma kwabantu ukufaka igalelo kungangqinelani namanyathelo okucoca.
Umzekelo webhayoloji-yokudlala
I-Biology ibonakaliswa ngumxube wakudala kunye nomtsha. Ngelifa, ukuvavanywa kwaye kwavavanywa kudluliselwa kwisizukulwana esilandelayo, kwaye ngakumbi into ethile iye yazibonakalisa, kokukhona ulwazi oluhambelanayo luya kufunyanwa kwisizukulwana esilandelayo kuba lube nefuthe elihle ekuvelisweni kwakhona. Nangona kunjalo, asizukujongana nokudluliselwa kolwazi olufanayo apha: Kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo, inkcubeko yolwazi lwendalo ichasene nemithombo eyahlukeneyo yokuguquguquka: ngakwelinye icala, kukho iimpazamo ukukopa, i.e. into esiyaziyo njengotshintsho. Ezi zinokuba neziphumo ezihle okanye ezimbi okanye zingenampembelelo emzimbeni. Ngapha koko, ulwazi esele lukhona lungasebenza luze lusebenze - iindlela ezimiselweyo zomgaqo azitshintshi ulwazi lwendalo, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo zinokukhokelela kwiinguqu kwinto ephilayo. Ke oku ayisiyonyani yokwenyani.
Umthombo wesithathu wokungeniswa kwemfuza kukutshintshiselana ngolwazi lwemfuzo kwimeko yokuzala, i.e. ngesondo. Ngokuthetha ngokungqongqo, akukho nto intsha enziwe apha, kodwa ukudityaniswa kolwazi oluhlukileyo oluvela kubazali kudala indibaniselwano entsha, ethi yona iguqule iipatheni zesiko.
Into ebangela umdla kukuba kukho izinto eziphilayo ezinokuzala ngokutsha ngokwesini nangokwesini. Sele eyilixesha likaDarwin UAntoinette brown-Blackwell yamkelwe impendulo kumceli mngeni wendalo esingqongileyo: Isini kuphela siyenzeka xa iimeko zemo engqongileyo zintshintsha kakhulu kwaye ubuchule ke ngoko bufuneka kakhulu. Ngokumalunga noku, wayeqonda ngcono ngakumbi kuneDarwin ukuba unxibelelwano phakathi kwesiko kunye nokudala lusebenza njani kwibhayiloji. KaDarwin imfundiso yokuzivelela kwezinto yinto yesiko lesiko. I-Innovation ayinandawo ifanelekileyo kwindlela yayo yethiyori. Kungenxa yoko wayengazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba wenzeni ngokwesondo- emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ukuphambuka kwimodeli engqiniweyo yebaleka yaya kwisigqibo sakhe sokuziqhelanisa.
Izisombululo ezilula azikho
Kwimijikelezo emininzi, ukubuyela kwamandla enyukliya kunye ne-geoengineering zibonwa njengezisombululo kwingxaki yemozulu. Olu lwalathiso lolunye olusuka kwisakhiwo sombali wendabuko, kwaye sithembisa ukuba singayishiya le ngxaki siye kwisayensi nakwiteknoloji. Ukuthandwa kwezi nzame zetekhnoloji zokufumana utshintsho lwemozulu ziphantsi kolawulo kungenxa yokuba utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha ayonwabisi ngokubhekiselele kuzinzo. Ukulinda kuyaphikisana nembono yokukhula kwaye akubonwa njengexabiso.
Ngapha koko, i-geoengineering inokuthelekiswa nokulwa sisifo esibuhlungu kakhulu se-epinephrine. Esona sizathu sihlala singafumaneki kwaye ke sisetyenziswa kuphela kwimeko yokoqobo. Ungenelelo olukhulu kangaka luhlala luneziphumo ezintsonkothileyo kunye ezikude esingazaziyo kwimeko ye-geoengineering.
Isijikelezi-langa somhlaba yinkqubo entsonkothileyo ebonwa kukunxibelelana okuninzi, ezinye ezingakaziwa, kwaye ezinye zazo zingenakuxelwa kwangaphambili ngokuthembekileyo ngenxa yobunzima bazo. Nakuphi na ukungenelela kwinkqubo eguquguqukayo enamandla kungakhokelela kwimiphumo engalindelekanga. Amanyathelo e-geoengineering anokuyiphucula imeko, kodwa ikhawuleze indlela yentlekele.
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