Elisabeth Oberzaucher
Zamoyo zomwe nyama zambiri zimachita ndizoti zitha kupeza zofunikira pa moyo wawo, koma sizichulukitsidwa zomwe zingachitike, zomwe zitha kupangitsa kuti pakhale zinthu zambiri zofunikira. Komabe, mwayi wopezeka ndi zinthu sizagawidwe moyenerera, ndipo anthu ena ali ndi zochulukirapo chifukwa cha magawo awo kapena pamalo awo: magawo ambiri azakudya, abwenzi ochulukirapo, obala ambiri. Kodi izi ndi zapamwamba kale?
Malire a zomwe timafotokoza ngati zapamwamba ndi amadzimadzi. Gwero la mawu akuti mwanaalirenji limachokera ku Chilatini, komwe "chosiyidwa "chi chikuyenera kumvetsedwa ngati kupatuka kuchoka pazachikhalidwe, ndikuyimira kuchuluka ndi kutaya. Chifukwa chake zapamwamba ndi kuchoka pazofunikira, zomwe zimasangalatsa. Komabe, zapamwamba zimatanthauzanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu mwachisawawa, osaganizira za kupezeka komanso kukhazikika.
Mbali imodzi, pali malo ambiri achisangalalo, zosangalatsa zambiri, kuposa kale. Komanso, ngakhale munyengo zathu zokomera anthu, mphuno ya munthu imadzitukumula pamene wina amadzipereka yekha kusangalala. Kukongola komwe timafuna ndi komwe tapeza ngati mphotho yakugwira ntchito molimbika, osati yomwe imagwera m'manja mwathu. Zakalezi zimatengedwa ngati chindapusa chofunikira chifukwa moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku nthawi zambiri umakhala wopanda chisangalalo, ndipo umatilimbikitsira kupereka ntchito zomwe moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku amafuna kwa ife.
Chifukwa chiyani Luxury ndi Sexy
Zinthu zapamwamba zimakhalanso ngati zizindikilo zaudindo. Ngati tingakwanitse kugula zapamwamba, timangosonyeza kuti sitingakwaniritse zofunikira zathu zokha, koma kupanga zochuluka zomwe titha kugwiritsa ntchito mopanda ulemu. Ngakhale kuwongolera zochulukirapo ndizowoneka bwino, izi ndizochepa pazomwe azigwiritsa mwankhanza. M'mbiri yakusinthika kwa anthu, zida sizinali zofunikira zokha, komanso zidasankha ngati ndizotheka kubereka bwino. Chifukwa chake, kuyang'anira chuma kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri pakusankha wokwatirana, koma nthawi zonse kumakhala kofunitsitsa kugawana zinthuzi. Mu malingaliro osinthika, kufunitsitsa kwa amuna kwaudindo kumafotokozedwa ndikuwonjezera chiyembekezo cha kubereka kwa makolo athu achimuna. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti pali mgwirizano pakati pa ulemu pakati pa amuna ndi abambo opambana. Malinga ndi lingaliro ili, munthu angaganize kuti zizindikiritso zaumoyo sizabwino kwambiri, koma zimafunikira chofunikira: amathandiza abambo kuwonjezera phindu la msika wa anzawo. Komabe, amagwira ntchito iyi ndikaphatikizidwa ndi zomwe zimangotanthauza kuchita mosangalatsa komanso kothandizirana, monga kuvomerezedwa pagulu komanso kuwolowa manja.
Zapamwamba ngati kuyendetsa
Ndizosadabwitsa kuti "kukhazikika mu china chake" kumabweretsa gawo lalikulu mdera lomwe anthu ambiri sapeza ntchito yopindulitsa, koma monga njira yofikira kumapeto. Khalidwe lachilengedwe pazochita zathu ndizovuta zathu. Kulimbikitsidwa kumatitsogolera munjira yeniyeni, kumatipatsa chidwi kuti tisunthire, kuyesetsa mwamphamvu kuchita ndipo nthawi zina kuchita zinthu zosasangalatsa komanso zosasangalatsa. Mwa anthu, kuthekera kudikirira mphotho, kukwaniritsa cholinga chake, kumamveka kuposa nyama ina iliyonse. Kwa mitundu yambiri, sipayenera kukhala nthawi yochulukirapo pakati pamakhalidwe ndi mphotho - kapena chilango - chifukwa, ngati sichoncho zimadziwika kuti ndizodalirika. Komabe, mwa anthu, mphotho yomwe yachedwa imeneyi imagwira ntchito modabwitsa komanso nthawi yayitali. Timapirira moyo wosasangalatsa wa chaka chonse bwino ndikuwona tchuthi chosangalatsa. Timayika zoletsa pazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku kuti tipeze ndalama zambiri. Komanso zotsatila zopita ku masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena kukadya kumakhala ndi mizu yolipirira mtsogolo.
"Miyoyo ikamakula, zinthu zimayamba kudziwonekeranso zomwe zidasungidwa kwakanthawi kochepa m'badwo wapitawu."
Elisabeth Oberzaucher, University of Vienna
Kukometsera kwapamwamba
Zomwe timawona kuti zapamwamba ndizosafunika koma zosafunikira zimatengera kwambiri moyo wathu. Kodi zizindikilo zakutani ndi zomwe tili nazo zomwe talolera kusiya china chake? Momwe miyezo yamoyo ikukwerera, zinthu zimadziwoneka zokha zomwe zidasungidwa kwakanthawi kwapadera m'badwo wam'mbuyomu. Pamodzi ndi kukwera kwapamwamba, kufunikira kwa zinthu izi kumachepa. Zakudya zapamwamba ndizodabwitsa kwambiri, sizipezeka nthawi zonse, komanso zotsika mtengo. Zomwe zilipo kwa aliyense zimataya khalidwe lapaderali. Chifukwa chake kumene timawongolera zokhumba zathu zimadalira zochepa pa zosowa zenizeni kuposa zomwe zimawonedwa ngati zosafunikira komanso zamtengo wapatali.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, magalimoto anali kuonedwa kuti ndi opambana chifukwa anthu ambiri amayenda mosavuta pongogwiritsa ntchito njira zina. Mtengo womwe wagawidwa ndi mawilo anayi ungathe kuwonekeranso mu maupronologies otsatirawa: mosiyana ndi katundu waogula, kuchuluka kwa VAT pamagalimoto kumakhalabe 32 peresenti m'malo mwa 20 peresenti. Misonkho yowonjezeka imeneyi siziyenda mwa njira iliyonse pansi pa dzina loti "msonkho wapamwamba". Pakugulira anthu galimoto ali ndi mlandu womwe kusunthika kwawo kungapangidwenso popanda galimoto yawo. Makamaka m'mizinda yayikulu, kukhala ndi galimoto ya anthu ambiri kumatanthauza kukhala ndi choyimilira m'malo mwagalimoto, poganizira momwe chimayendetsedwera nthawi zambiri. Apa, komabe, kusintha kukuchitika pano: kuchuluka kwa achinyamata opanda layisensi yoyendetsa galimoto akuwonjezeka. M'madera akulu, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto kumadera kumatsika. Magalimoto asinthidwa ndi katundu watsopano wapamwamba.
Zizindikiro zakhamu
Popeza kutha kwa zizindikilo zaudindo kumadalira ngati ena angayembekezere kuwononga keke, zosankha zitseguka zithandizira kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu mwadongosolo. Chilichonse chimatha kukhala chizindikiro chaudindo, icho chimayenera kumazindikiridwa motero. Izi zachitika, mwachitsanzo, m'gawo lazakudya: Posachedwa, kumwa kwambiri kwa anthu apamwamba kwambiri kwamkalasi kwapakatikati kumakhala kofunika kwambiri. Sikuti ndalama zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa iwo, zimafotokozedwanso mozama za izo. Pokhapokha ngati ndalama zogwirizana, ndizotheka kulipira ndalama zapadera za alimi okhala ndi mafinya komanso mabotolo otchuka a m'chivinyo. Kuphatikiza pa kusangalala, kupezeka nthawi zonse kumanenanso kulimbikitsa monga chofunikira chogwiritsira ntchito khalidweli. Kukhazikika kwa zakudya zopatsa thanzi kumatanthauza kuti kwasungidwa osankhika, koma kumaipanga kukhala chizindikiro chosakira, motero kungathandize anthu ambiri kuyeserera. Chomwe chinalimbikitsa izi pakuyimilira adafunsidwa ndi wasayansi wodziwa kusinthika a Bobbi Low ndipo adatenga gawo lazachuma. Kutsutsana kwamalingaliro kumachitika chifukwa chakuti maudindo amatenga nawo mbali posankha wokwatirana naye. Chifukwa chake ngati njira zosinthika zopangidwa ndi zizindikilo zaumwini, zimatsatiridwa monga zofunika.
Teremuyo "Nudging”Zadziwika kuyambira pomwe Richard Thaler adapatsidwa mphotho ya Nobel chaka chino mu Economics. M'malo mokangana, njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito momwe akumvera komanso mosazindikira kuti athandize anthu kusankha njira zina zodalirika.
Chifukwa chake, zapamwamba ndizotheka kosangalatsa: tikapambana pophatikiza mawonekedwe ndi zinthu zoyenera ndi chithunzi cha mwanaalirenji komanso ulemu, timapangitsa chilengedwe kukhala chidziwitso komanso chamunthu wofunika kukhala wokongola komanso wokongola. Ngati tisankha njirayi kuchokera pagalimoto yamkati, tikhala odalirika m'njira iyi kwa dziko lonse kuposa momwe lingaliro labwino lingatithandizire ndi chala chathu chokwezera.
Kuyembekezera phindu
Kuchepetsa mphoto kumafuna kudziletsa. Momwe timatha kuchita izi tili ana tidawerengera zaka za 1970 pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a marshmallow. Apa, mwana adapatsidwa marshmallow ndikupereka njira ziwiri: mwina akhoza kudya marshmallow yomweyo, kapena amatha kudziletsa ndikudikirira kwakanthawi kuti woyesayo abwererenso. Mwana akanakhala kuti sanadye marshmowow nthawiyo, amapeza wina. Kuyesa uku kunawonetsa kuti anawo anali ndi vuto lalikulu kukaniza ziyeso; ambiri adadya maswiti munthu woyesererayo asanabwerenso. Kafukufuku waposachedwa akuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha ana omwe adakhazikika. Komabe, izi zitha kukhala ndi chochita chifukwa chakuti masiku ano ana ali ndi mwayi woletsa maswiti.
Khalidwe la achikulire limawonekeranso kuti sitili bwino poganiza zamtsogolo ndikuyembekezera mphoto. Kaya ndi ndalama kapena kukonzekera penshoni, sitimapanga chisankho chachuma kwambiri. Kukhazikika kwachuma kumapereka chidziwitso pazomwe tikufuna kusankha pambuyo pake, koma zapamwamba, zopindulitsa: mphotho yake iyenera kukhala yochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi phindu lomwe lingachitike mtsogolo, ndipo siyiyenera kukhala m'tsogolo kwambiri. Pomaliza, tiyenera kukhala ndi chidaliro kuti kugulitsa kwathu mtsogolo kuli m'manja otetezeka. Kutalikirana ndekha nthawi kuyambitsa kale kusatsimikiza.
Photo / Video: Shutterstock.
