Veronika Janyrova
Ichi sichinthu chachilendo kwa omaliza maphunziro oyendetsa bizinesi, popeza muphunzira za nkhondo wamba mu semesters ochepa oyamba. Kwa zaluso zenizeni, adasonkhanitsidwa ndi akatswiri azachuma aku US Carl Shapiro ndi Hal Ronald Varian m'nkhani yawo yopweteketsa ya "The art of standard Wars," yomwe idawoneka mu California Management Review mchaka cha 1999. Mmenemo, amafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zovuta zomwe amabweretsa ku kampani pomwe mfundo zaukadaulo zimapangidwa mokomera iwo ndipo amalimbikitsa njira zingapo zomwe oyang'anira ayenera kutsatira. Chimodzi mwazinthuzi ndikung'ung'udza m'makomiti oyimilira kuti agwirizane momwe angathere ndi zomwe amapanga kapena momwe amapangira. Ngati wina akwanitsa kukankha zinthu za omwe akuchita nawo mpikisano popanda njira imodzi, wina amakhala ndi mwayi wopikisana nawo.
"Ndinganene kuti kukopa miyezo yaukadaulo ndi bizinesi yayikulu kwa otetezera, chifukwa imawalola kuwongolera misika yonse, kukhazikitsa njira zawo zopangira komanso kuwonetsetsa kuti omwe akuchita nawo mpikisano awoneke."
Katswiri wazopanda masewera Martin Pigeon
Ene mene muh ...
Njira zoyimilira sizongokhudza magwiridwe antchito ndi chitetezo. Zimakhudzanso kukula kwa msika. Ngakhale miyezo imangokhala malingaliro odzifunira, nthawi zambiri amakhala osakwaniritsidwa. Ngati malonda kapena njira igwera kunja kwa kampani yake, kampaniyo imakumana ndi zovuta zopikisana nazo. Sikuti timayandikira lamulo lililonse lomwe limalozera muyezo wovomerezeka.
“Sindingagwire ntchito ndi kampani yomwe sizimapanga malinga ndi mfundo kapena sizivomereza zoyenera. Chifukwa mapangano onse ali ndi mawu akuti 'malinga ndi mfundo'. Mukamamanga, mutha kupatuka kale. Koma pakakhala mikangano yalamulo, ife monga omanga nyumba tili ndi chindapusa - kaya kuwonongeka kwa nyumba kukugwirizana ndi chiyani. Malinga ndi malamulo, onsewa amagwirizana ndi kutsatira miyezo, ”akutero a Bernd Pflüger a ku BUS Architects.
... ndipo mwatuluka!
Monica Nicoloso, mwini wake ndi woyang'anira wamkulu wa zomangamanga ku Pottenbrunn, akudziwa zomwe mtengo wopanga amatanthauza ngati malonda ake sanapezeke muyezo uliwonse. Kwa zaka makumi ambiri, kampani yokhala ndi banjayi idatulutsa makina a chimney ndikuigulitsa ndi Austrian Technical Approval (ÖTZ). Mpaka mchaka cha 2012 m'malo mwa ÖTZ a BTZ (kuvomerezedwa kwaukadaulo) kudayambitsidwa. Kampani yaying'onoyi, komabe, kupeza ndalamazo kumakhala ndi ndalama zambiri ndikuyika moyo wawo pachiwopsezo. Zotsatira zake: "Sitikutulutsanso lero. Popanda layisensi palibe wowononga chimney amene angachotse malo athu amoto. Ndipo mgwirizano pa kusasinthika sitingathe chifukwa cha nthawi komanso mtengo wake, "atero Nicoloso. Mbiri ya kampani zana limodzi makumi asanu idatha.
Martin Galler, Wogwirizira Partner wa Progal, amadziwanso kuti makomiti a miyezo amatha kusankha pakubwera ndi kuwonongeka kwa matekinoloje ndi makampani. Kampaniyo imakhazikika pamakoma oyala pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamagetsi. Mu chaka cha 2014, Galler adaphunzira mwangozi kuti Önorm B3355, yomwe imayang'anira chonyowa chonyowa ngalande, iyenera kusinthidwa. Kenako adalumikizana ndi Mfundo za ku Austrian, komwe adalangizidwa kuti azitsutsa muyezo. Adachita izi ndikufunsanso nthawi yomweyo kuti aziphatikizidwa ndi gulu la AG 207.03, lomwe adapatsidwa udindo kuti asinthe. Izi zinatsatiridwa ndi kukumana kwa chaka chimodzi ndi theka ndi mamembala ena ogwira ntchito omwe ayesayesa kupatula njira yake yamagetsi pazomwe zimachitika. Zowunikira zenizeni sizinakhalepo ndi gawo, monga momwe komiti yolumikizirana ya ASI imanenera. Maola mazana a ntchito ndi malipoti a akatswiri ambiri, malipoti okangana nawo, misonkhano ndi zikalata pambuyo pake, zinali zowonekeratu kuti njira yake yodziyipirabe ikadali yofanana. Mapeto ake: "Zingakhale zomveka kuti mabungwe aboma azisamalira kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mabungwe okhazikika ndikuwongolera kulumikizana. Pamapeto pake, ndidangozindikira kuti njira zathu zamagetsi zili pachiwopsezo chothamangitsidwa mumsika. "
Kuwona kapangidwe ka gulu logwiritsa ntchito 207.03 likuwonetsa bwino lomwe zovuta zomwe zimasowa komiti yayitali. Momwemo, opanga khumi aliyense amakumana ndi ogwiritsa ntchito awiri, mabungwe aboma ndi mabungwe ofufuza. Mu gulu lomwe likugwira ntchito 207.02, lomwe limayang'anira mayendedwe a screeds, pulasitala ndi matope, ubalewo umadabwitsa kwambiri. Pamenepo, opanga khumi samayang'ana wogwiritsa ntchito, katswiri wodziimira payekha komanso mabungwe awiri aboma kuti agamule zogulitsa kapena zosagulitsa.
Zotsatira zosafunikira
Ernst Nöbl, injala wopuma pantchito ndi chilengedwe wazaka zambiri m'makomiti oyimilira, amatha kufotokoza za zosafunikira zachilengedwe zomwe ambiri amachita. Mwachitsanzo, akuwonetsa muyezo waku Europe wazomera zothirira zonyansa, zomwe mwa zina mwazinthu zomwe zimayang'anira kuchuluka kwa madzi abwino: "Muyezo umangowonetsa zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kufalikira. Zotsatira zake ndikuti ku Austria zomera zam'madzi zothimbirira zimagulitsidwa popanda mavuto, zomwe nitrogen ndi phosphate zili pamwambapa kuposa mtengo wovomerezeka ".
M'mawonedwe ake, uinjiniya uyenera kupatsidwa kulemera kwamitundu yayitali ndi zofunikira zomwe zimabwezeretsedwa kuntchito yawo ngati mabungwe odzipereka. "Makampaniwo akudzitchingira okha m'makomiti oyimira. Izi zingakupatseni mwayi wopikisana. Okonza ndi mainjiniya, komabe, ochepa. Nthawi yofunikira sikulipira zambiri kwa iwo, "akutero Nöbl.
Maonekedwe a Brussels
Popeza pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya miyezo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Austria ndi yaku Europe kapena yapadziko lonse lapansi, munthu sangapewe kuyang'ana komwe aku Brussels. Makampani opitilira 11.000 ochulukitsa, nthawi zonse timakhala okonzeka kudziwa momwe tingathandizire "mwanzeru", mwachitsanzo, lamulo la mankhwala ophera tizilombo, EU malangizo kapena chitetezo chaulere cha TTIP.
Mosiyana ndi izi, pali - padziko lonse lapansi - mgwirizano umodzi wamabungwe 40 oteteza zachilengedwe omwe amayesa kuyanjana kwachilengedwe ndi miyambo yapadziko lonse lapansi. ECOS (European Environmental Citizens Organisation for Standardization) imayimiridwa m'makomiti 60 aukadaulo kuti awonetsetse kuti kuwonongeka kwa magetsi kukucheperachepera komanso kuti magwiridwe antchito ndi mphamvu zimayikidwa mwadongosolo. "Ku EU, ndife amodzi mwa magulu anayi odziwika ovomerezeka omwe kutenga nawo mbali mu njira zokhazikitsira ku Europe kumathandizidwanso ndi EU. Izi zikugwirizana ndi EU kuti magulu achitaganya komanso mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono komanso ochepa sazichita nawo machitidwe a dziko, ”ikutero ECOS.
Chifukwa chake, Corporate Europe Observatory ndi bungwe la Brussels-based, lomwe limayang'anira ndikuwunika mwadongosolo ntchito ya otsamira. Pothirira ndemanga zakufunika kwa miyezo yaukadaulo, katswiri wofikira alendo Martin Pigeon akuyankha: "Ndinganene kuti kukopa miyezo yaukadaulo ndi imodzi mwamabizinesi oyambira, popeza imawalola kuwongolera misika yonse, kukhazikitsa njira zawo zopangira ndikupikisana ndi omwe akupikisana nawo Kusunga chess [...] Ngati mupita mwatsatanetsatane, mumazindikira kuti nkhondo zolimbikitsa anthu kuti azilamulidwa ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri lazamalonda lapadziko lonse lapansi komanso kuti pali ndale zambiri zomwe zikuchitika mdzina la miyezo. "
Kuwonekera kwambiri
M'malo mwake, miyezo yaukadaulo ndi zikhalidwe zimayang'anira 80 peresenti yamalonda apadziko lonse lapansi ndikuwongolera mwayi wopezeka m'misika yambiri. Amathandizira kapangidwe kake, magwiridwe ake, kapangidwe kazinthu ndi chilichonse chopangidwa. Koma mwatsatanetsatane momwe amafotokozera zamapangidwe azogulitsa ndi momwe amapangira, momwemonso sizikudziwika kuti zidayamba bwanji. Nthawi zambiri sizikumveka kuti ndani adatanthauzira muyezo uti ndi womwe umayimira zokonda zake. Chifukwa chake, njira zoyimilira zimayenera kukhala zotseguka komanso zowonekera kuti zikhale zovomerezeka.
Dongosolo lokhazikika kwa Austrian
• Zambiri, ku Austria, miyezo ya 23.000 (ÖNORMEN) imagwira ntchito.
• Miyezo ndi malingaliro omwe ntchito zawo nthawi zambiri zimakhala mwakufuna kwawo.
• Kupatula, nyumba yamalamulo ikalengeza kuti ikuyenera kukhala yomangiriza kapena kunena za malamulo, zigamulo, zidziwitso, ndi zina (pafupifupi 5 peresenti ya miyezo yonse).
• Pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya miyezo yomwe imagwira ntchito mdziko muno ndi ochokera ku Europe kapena mayiko ena.
• Miyezo imakhazikitsidwa ndi Miyezo ya ku Austrian, yomwe imapereka kuyang'anira kwa polojekiti ngati wogwira ntchito zandale.
• Mapulogalamu okuthandizira kukhazikitsa muyezo watsopano kapena kusinthanso kwa mulingo womwe ulipo kwaulere kwaulere kuyambira 2016.
• Kutenga nawo mbali m'makomiti oyimira okhazikika nawonso ndi aulere kuyambira 2016.
- Ndalama zomwe ophunzira adagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomwe amayenda, kupita, kukonzekera ndikutsatira magawo antchito.
• Mamembala onse a komiti amayenera kuvomereza mulingo wina kuti athe kugamula (mfundo mogwirizana).
• Kuwonekera bwino kwawongolero lazoyang'anira Austrian ndikuwonetsetsa, mwachitsanzo, ndi zofalitsa zaulere izi pa intaneti:
- zopempha zakukonza kapena kukonzanso miyezo - ndi mwayi wopereka ndemanga,
- Dongosolo labwino - ndi mwayi wopereka ndemanga,
Companies makampani ndi mabungwe omwe amatumiza otenga nawo mbali m'makomiti amodzi,
Tasks Ntchito ndi zomangamanga za komiti iliyonse,
- Ntchito yadziko lonse yowonetsa kuti ndi ziti polojekiti zomwe zaperekedwa pompano zomwe zikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zitheke.
• Kusamala kwa kayimidwe koyenera kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndikuti makomitiwa nthawi zonse amayimira magulu onse achidwi amalo apadera - mwachitsanzo opanga, olamulira, ogwiritsa ntchito, malo oyesera, asayansi, magulu achidwi, ndi zina zambiri.
• Kutseguka kuyenera kuthandizidwa pakulola kutenga nawo mbali mu matupi oyimilira kukhala omasuka kwa aliyense. Komabe, munthu ayenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso choyenera ndikudziwa machitidwe.
• Kufunika ndi kufunikira kwa miyezo kumawunikiridwa poyimilira kapena kufufuzidwa pagulu. Ndiwotseguka kwa aliyense kuti afotokoze malingaliro awo ndikupereka malingaliro osintha pakugwiritsa ntchito ntchitoyi.
• Komitiyo ikamaliza kulemba mfundo, izilengezedwa pa intaneti kuti anthu onse omwe ali ndi chidwi atchulepo.
Source: Miyezo ya Austrian, Meyi 2017
Photo / Video: Shutterstock.
