Zowonetsa - Zambiri

Nthawi ndi nthawi, pamabuka nkhani zomwe zimatembenuza chake momwe. Izi ndizomwe zidandichitikira, mwachitsanzo, nditazindikira kuti a John F. Kennedy adaphedwa ndi CIA ndi Princess Diana m'malo mwa MIT. Sindinadabwerenso kuti a ku America adakhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV m'ma labu a CIA ndikuti kutulutsa kwawo mwezi ndikungopeka mwaluso kwambiri ndi NASA. Koma nditazindikira kuti Michelle Obama ndi mwamuna weniweni - ngati kanema wa YouTube wodziwika bwino komanso wotsimikizira - dziko langa lidasinthiratu.

Ngakhale ntchito zaukazitape zaku Russia ndizaku America pachabe. Pomaliza, ku malo obisika ku Siberia, amaphunzitsa ana mu malingaliro owonjezera kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro awo kupha anthu kulikonse padziko lapansi.
Dziko lamisala, simungathe kungobwera ngati mufufuza pa intaneti kuti "malingaliro ankhondo".

Zowonongeka padziko lonse lapansi

Kuphatikiza pa zovuta zachuma, zimayang'anidwanso njira zodziwonera komanso njira zofalitsira mabungwe azandale omwe amapanga ma media ambiri pazolinga zawo ndikupanga ndale zadziko lapansi. Pochita izi, amaika mwanzeru nkhani zawo pa mutu winawake mawailesi atolankhani ambiri ndipo motero anthu amadziwa. Chifukwa chake, mikangano yayikulu masiku ano yasanduka nkhondo zowopsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azitha kuwerengera owerenga, komanso atolankhani. Disinfuction imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ambiri andale komanso azachuma omwe amayang'aniridwa kuti apeze chithandizo pazinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, mautumiki achinsinsi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nthambi zawo zokomera ndi kufalitsa chidziwitso.

Malingaliro pamachitidwe awa ndi mwachilengedwe. Kwambiri kuyenera lipoti laomwe anali kazembe wa Britain waku Carne Ross, yemwe anali ku 23. December 2015 adamasulidwa mu "nthawi". Zimayamba m'zaka za 1990 pomwe Ross adakambirana zaupangiri wolimbana ndi wolamulira mwankhanza waku Iraq Saddam Hussein ku United Nations m'malo mwa boma lake, ndipo dziko la Azungu lidamukakamiza kuti apereke umboni wosonyeza kuti analibe zida zowonongera anthu ambiri: "Tidachita izi, ngakhale boma langa lidachita zinali kuti zida za Saddam Hussein sizinakhale zoopsezanso ". Malinga ndi iye, zigawengazi zathandizira kuti Saddam asamangenso ku Kuwait atamuukira pomanganso gulu lake lankhondo ndi ndalama zogulitsa mafuta. "Takana umboni wa kuvutika kwa anthu wamba komanso tangokhala chete ndi aliyense amene amakayikira zalamuloli." Adayang'ananso ndemanga za Kofi Annan: "Ndidasinthira malipoti aofesi yake asanafalitsidwe. Annan "anati" zomwe tikufuna. "Pomaliza pamenepa:" Anawononga kwathunthu dziko lotukuka. "

Disinformation imafuna anthu ozunzidwa

Mwanjira imeneyi, zodziwikiratu zomwe zakonzedweratu zakwaniritsa kukopa anthu aku America, komanso US Congress ndi Allies, kuti Iraq ili ndi zida zowopsa zoononga anthu ambiri zomwe zimayambitsa ngozi yomwe ikubwera, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi gulu lankhondo. , Lero, US ikhoza kudzitengera nkhondo yopanda pake, yolimbana ndi 200.000 yakufa ndi mchira wa makoswe pakukula kwina. Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amwalira kuchokera ku "War on Terror" wotchuka ndikuyerekeza ndi bungwe lochita zachitetezo cha Iraq Body Count (IBC) pa 1,3 miliyoni. Akatswiri akukhulupiriranso kuti ana ena theka miliyoni osakwanitsa zaka zisanu afa chifukwa cha mavuto azachuma. Mwa zina, popeza kulowetsedwa kwa chlorine pakumwa madzi am'madzi kunakhudzidwa ndi zosowa. Zomwe ananena pankhani yatsoka lino sizikulankhulidwa.

Komabe, chidziwitso chonse chimapezeka pa intaneti komanso m'magulu ochezera. Popeza ndizofalitsa zonse komwe zimachokera, wotumiza, zidziwitso ndi chithunzi zimatha kusinthidwa mosavuta, ndipo zambiri ndi zomwe zili mu mauthenga omwe afalitsidwira pano sizotsika kokwanira kuti muyerekeze.
Zodabwitsazi zikuchititsanso chidwi ndi Public Relations Association Austria (PRVA): "Momwe machitidwe okayikitsa a PR akuchulukirachulukira, makamaka pankhani zapa media media, Khonsolo ya PRVA idavomereza mamembala atatu atsopano mu nthawi yophukira 2015 omwe adadzipereka pamutuwu. Bungwe la PR Ethics Council lasindikizanso mfundo zoyankhulirana zogwirira ntchito ndi malo ochezera - monga chithandizo chothandizira akatswiri a PR ", atero a Susanne Senft, Purezidenti wa PRVA. Komabe, zotsatira za chisokonezo chazidziwitsozi ndizochepa. Sikuti zimangododometsa anthu am'deralo, zimangopanga zithunzi za adani ndikuwononga anthu. Kusokoneza malingaliro.

Njira yokhala ndi mapiko am'manja

Pamwamba pa anthu onse okhala ndi mapiko kumanja amvekedwe mu luso ili. Woyimira chilankhulo Ruth Wodak amalankhula mu buku lake "The Politics of mantha. Zomwe Mapulogalamu Abwino a Mapiko a Mapiko a Mapulogalamu Amakhala Nazo "(Sage, London) wa otchedwa" Perpetuum mobile of mapiko akumanja ". Mwakutero akumvetsetsa njira inayake malinga ndi momwe andale akumapulogalamu olondola akumanja amathandizira mwanjira zawo ndikugwiritsira ntchito media: gawo loyamba ndikulimbikitsa. Wolemba akuwonekera pomwe mawu kapena mutu wake ukutanthauzidwa kuti wakhumudwitsa. Izi zimatsatiridwa ndi kusefukira kwa mkwiyo, komwe cholinga choyamba chimakwaniritsidwa: Chimodzi chili pamitu.

Kenako imalowa muchizungulira chachiwiri: Mkwiyo ukukulirakulira ndipo wina awulula kuti zomwe zanenedwa papepalo ndi zabodza. Gawo lachitatu lotsatirali: Olemba uthengawo amatembenuza magomewo ndikudziwoneka ngati owonedwa.Pomwepo pali opanga, kapena awachitira chiwembu.
Kenako mbali inayo ikatembenuka makhothi, wina amapepesa.

Cholinga cha njirayi, malinga ndi Pulofesa Wodak, komabe, ndikuti munthu amamangiriza mphamvu za ena: "M'malo mongoyika mitu yawo ndikupereka mapulogalamu awo, magulu ena amakakamizidwa ndi izi zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zikuwayankha. M'malo mochita ndale, amathamangitsa zomwe zachitika, "adatero Wodak m'magazini ya Germany yawa" Die Zeit ".

Kuchita bwino pandale chifukwa cha magawanidwe

Malingaliro awa akuwoneka kuti ali ponseponse komanso opambana kwambiri pamasamba ochezera. Malinga ndi politometer.at, nsanja ya intaneti yomwe imafufuza kukhalapo ndi magwiridwe azandale, magulu andale, ma NGO komanso atolankhani andale m'malo ochezera, ndale za FPÖ zikuwonekeratu. Ena mwa andale omwe akuchita bwino kwambiri pantchito za 5 mdziko muno ndi atatu (HC Strache, H. Vilimsky, Norbert Hofer) kupita ku FPÖ. Ndipo nthawi yomweyo gulu la Facebook "FPÖ Kulephera" likuvutika kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane malipoti abodza ambiri a FPÖ. Dera lotsekedwa, ndiye.

Anthu othawa kwawo: Zodabwitsazi zinkangolowa dala

M'malo mwake, lachita bwino motere, malingaliro othawa kwawo othawa kwawo ali ponseponse. Wolemba bukuli, mtolankhani komanso wolemba mabulogu, a Jakob Steinschaden, mwachitsanzo, adayang'anitsitsa za mbiri yazomwe anthu aku Austrian akuyamba nkhaniclash.com. Matadi awa amawunikira momwe Facebook imagwirira ntchito pama media komanso mabulogu onse aku Austria. Malinga ndi izi, zochitika zazikulu zakhala zikuchitika pa Facebook m'miyezi ingapo yapitayi zomwe zikuwonetsa kukhudzika kwa dziko la Austria: "Mu Juni, Julayi ndi August, 2015 idalandira zokonda kwambiri komanso magawo a iwo omwe ali ndi lingaliro labwino pankhani yanthawiyi. pepalalo lidatembenuka tsopano. Kuyambira Seputembala 2015 adalandira malipotiwo, omwe ali ndi vuto loipa pankhani yothawa kwawo, kutchuka kwambiri motero afika pa Facebook, "atero Steinschaden.

"Makina abodza"

Zitsanzo za malipoti abodza zimapezeka pagulu lapa ochezeka ku Masse ndipo nyumba yothawirako ndiyabwino pamenepa. Mwachitsanzo, mauthenga a Facebook monga "Anthu othawa kwawo amangogula ma iPhones okwera mtengo kwambiri chifukwa cha Caritas", kapena amapeza "3.355,96 Euro pamwezi chifukwa chosachita chilichonse", sangalalani ndi kutchuka kwapadera. Komanso milandu yotchuka ya "atolankhani abodza", malinga ndi milandu yomwe othawa kwawo amathawirako, ikhoza kuphimbidwa nthawi zonse ndi atolankhani komanso apolisi, iyenera kutchulidwa pano. Malipoti onsewa adakhala opanda chifukwa pofufuzira pafupipafupi.

Nsonga

Yassin Musharbash, mtolankhani komanso wolemba mabuku ku Germany, posachedwapa anati "Timalandila zambiri zomwe tili nazo zokhudzana ndi zomwe Islamic State ikuchita komanso kuwonongedwa kwa Islamic State." Njira zomwe angatsutse zophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda:
- Kafukufuku
- Kudzilamulira
- Ulesi

A Doris Christina Steiner, membala wa Austrian Public Relations Ethics Council posachedwa adawona kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kufalitsa nkhani kumatsimikiziridwa ndi bungwe la Facebook. Njira zawo zotsutsana ndi njira zopewera zotsalira pa chikhalidwe ndi izi:
- Chongani ngati iyi ndiyofalitsa yazofalitsa.
- Yang'anirani "akaunti zotsimikizika". Izi zimatsimikizira kuti uthengawo umachokeradi kwa munthu amene wasankhidwa kapena bungwe.
- Onani zomwe zikuchitika kuti muwone komwe wolemba adzagawire.
- Tumizani ku mapulogalamu azama media kuchokera pama media apamwamba ndikugwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji.

Udo Bachmeier, Purezidenti wa Association for Media Culture, akuti: "Aliyense amene sapempha gwero konse amalakwitsa choyamba. Ndani safunsa za gwero, wachiwiri ". Malangizo ake:
- Zambiri pazofalitsa nkhani ndizodalirika kuposa mawebusayiti ndi mabulogu.
- Zowonjezera Zowonjezera popanda kutchula gwero ziyenera kufufuzidwa mosamala.
- Kwenikweni, kufupi ndi komwe ndidachokera koyambira, ndibwino.

Masamba otsatsa "

Komabe, vuto ndi loti malo ochezera a pa Intaneti sakhalanso okhudzana ndi kucheza ndi anthu ena. Asanduka nsanja zamphamvu zakutsatsa komanso makanema azofalitsa. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa IAB, 73% ya ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti ku Austria akutsatira zochitika patsiku pa intaneti.

Unyamata muukonde

Achinyamata amakhala ndi mwayi wapadera pakudya pa intaneti: amatha pafupifupi maola asanu tsiku lililonse pa intaneti, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa bungwe la Media Server.
Walter Osztovics, Managing Partner wa Kovar & Partner, adayang'anitsitsa momwe media imagwiritsidwira ntchito aku Austrian ndipo adachita kafukufuku mtsogolo mwa atolankhani chaka chatha. M'malingaliro ake, achinyamata ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chofalitsa mabodza pa intaneti. Malinga ndi iye, momwe makanema amagwiritsira ntchito makanema ndi vuto makamaka m'kalasi: "Achinyamata ochokera kwa makolo omwe amakonda maphunziro amapitilizabe kudziwa zambiri pazosindikiza komanso manyuzipepala paintaneti. Achinyamata omwe anakula osaphunzira samakana kulandira zambiri kuchokera kuma media azikhalidwe ”. Zotsatira zake, Osztovics akuwona zowopsa kuti "m'badwo wonse ungataye chidwi chandale, malingaliro ndi luso lakulankhula", pokhapokha ngati pangakhale zokhumudwitsa pankhani ya maphunziro ndi maphunziro atolankhani.

Kutsitsa kwake

Kuphatikiza pa kuwongolera kwa chidziwitso, akatswiri amawonanso kusankhidwa kwa chidziwitso mu ochezera a pa intaneti kukhala kotsutsa kwambiri, Walter Osztovics amamaliza kuchokera ku kafukufuku wake: "Zimapangitsa kuti dziko liziwayandikira. Zomwe sizigwirizana ndi malingaliro ake kapena chidwi chake sizimadziwika. Pakugwiritsa ntchito wosuta, umabowamo utoto pomwe amangoona gawo lakelo lomwe limatsimikizira momwe ziliri ”.

Koma udindo wazachuma sungakhale wambiri. Malinga ndi a Ksenia Churkina kuchokera ku gulu lofufuzira Media Change ku University of Salzburg, kufalitsa chidziwitso munkhani zachitukuko kumatsatira malamulo azachuma makamaka: "Malo ochezera a pa Intaneti akupanga njira zatsopano zofalitsira chidziwitso ndikupanga malingaliro. Adziyambitsa okha ngati oyang'anira zipata zatsopano pofalitsa nkhani ndi malingaliro pagulu. Njira zawo zimakhazikitsa malire, mafomu ndi zomwe kulumikizana. Chifukwa chake, Facebook algorithm imawerengera malekezero, omwe mauthenga omwe munthu amagwiritsa ntchito amawona kudzera m'madilesi ake. "

Kodi mathero a chidziwitso chofala chamasiku ano ndi chiyani? "Musakhulupilire zonse zolembedwa," m'malingaliro athu, sizikupita mokwanira, chifukwa cha njira zoyipa komanso zobisika. Cholinga chathu ndikuti musunge misempha yanu komanso malingaliro wamba, kuti mumvere malangizo a Noam Chomsky a "Ten Best Manipulation Strategies" ndikutenga "Malangizo a Katswiri Otsutsa Kuwononga" mozama pakugwiritsa ntchito media.

Kudzimbidwa kwamankhwala

Malangizo Khumi a Noam Chomsky a Media Manipulation (otanthauziridwa ndi kufupikitsidwa)

1. Njira yosokoneza
Pachimake pakulamulira kwachikhalidwe. Nthawi yomweyo chidwi cha anthu chimasiyanitsidwa ndi mavuto azachikhalidwe ndi anthu chifukwa chodzadza ndi chidziwitso chopanda tanthauzo.

2. Pangani mavuto kenako ndikupereka mayankho
Zimayambitsa vuto lomwe limayambitsa kuchitapo kanthu mwa anthu. Mwachitsanzo, yambitsani mikangano yamagazi, kuti anthu azilandira malamulo achitetezo komanso njira zomwe zimachepetsa ufulu wawo. Kapena: zimayambitsa mavuto azachuma ndikupanga kuvomereza pakuchepetsa kofunikira kwa ufulu wamagulu ndi ntchito za boma.

3. Njira pang'onopang'ono
Pang'onopang'ono, pazaka zambiri, Landirani zovomerezeka. Mwanjira imeneyi chikhalidwe cha anthu pazachuma (neoliberalism) chinakhazikitsidwa mu zaka za 1980er ndi 1990er: "lean state", padera, zodziwikiratu komanso zogwira ntchito zolipira komanso zolipira, ntchito.

4. Njira yochedwetsa
Pangani zisankho zosakondedwa monga zowawa komanso zosapeweka. Popeza wokondedwa wamtsogolo savuta kuthana ndi zomwe zikuchitika posachedwa, zimapangitsa kuvomerezedwa kukonzekera kwake pambuyo pake.

5. Lankhulani ndi anthu akuluakulu ngati ana
Ma pemphero ambiri pagulu amagwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo, kukangana, anthu, ngakhale kutulutsa mawu, ngati kuti omvera anali ana aang'ono kapena opuwala nzeru. Chifukwa chiyani? Izi zikuwonetsanso kuchitapo kofanana ndi m'badwo uno ndipo sikumafunsidwa mafunso kovuta.

6. Gwiritsani ntchito momwe mukumvera m'malo mongoganizira
Kugwiritsa ntchito mopweteketsa mtima ndi njira yodutsa yopitilira apo kulingalira kosavuta ndi malingaliro abwinobwino a munthu. Kuphatikiza apo, mumatsegula chitseko chosazindikira munthu.

7. Sungani umbuli ndi kuwerengera anthu
Apa ndikuwongolera anthu komanso kulephera kwawo kumvetsetsa njira zowongolera izi, zisungidwe. Chifukwa chake, mtundu wa maphunziro ammagawo ocheperako ayenera kukhala ocheperako momwe kungathekere. Zotsatira zake, kusiyanasiyana pakati pa zigawozo sikungathe kuwonongeka.

8. Thandizani anthu kuti azitha kuyimira pakati
Tsimikizani pagulu kuti ndizosangalatsa kukhala wopusa, wamisala komanso wosaphunzira.

9. Limbitsani okayikira
Tsimikizani anthu kuti ali ndi mlandu chifukwa cha zovuta zawo komanso kuti zimachitika makamaka chifukwa chakusazindikira kwawo, luso kapena kulimbikira. M'malo mopandukira dongosolo lazachuma, amakhudzidwa ndi kudzikayikira, kudziimba mlandu ndi kukhumudwa.

10. Dziwani bwino anthu ena kuposa momwe amadzidziwira
Kudzera mu kuzindikira kwatsopano mu biology, neurobiology, ndikugwiritsa ntchito psychology, "dongosololi" lapeza luntha lamphamvu kwambiri lanyama ndi malingaliro a anthu. Zotsatira zake, zimathanso kukhala ndi mphamvu kwambiri pakulamulira anthu pawokha kuposa momwe amadzichitira.

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