Elisabeth Oberzaucher
Chifukwa chiyani tikuyang'ana kuledzera? Kuchokera pamalingaliro osinthika, sizotanthauza kwenikweni kupanga mokhazikika komwe mumatha kuwongolera mphamvu zanu ndipo simumatha kuzindikira vuto lililonse. Kuledzera, sitikhala opanda choletsa, timalephera kudziletsa, timachita zinthu zomwe timanong'oneza nazo bondo. Komabe, kuledzera komwe tikukuyang'ana, kaya ndi mowa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndiko kuthamanga komanso kosinthika.
Zalakwika pati? Kodi zingatheke bwanji kuti izi zisinthe?
Yankho lagona mu machitidwe omwe amapangitsa kuti chilengedwe chisinthike: sizinthu zina zilizonse koma ndi cholinga choganiza bwino. M'malo mwake, kusinthaku kumadziwika makamaka ndi zochitika zopanda pake, patchwork komanso kubwezeretsanso zinthu zambiri. Zomwe tili nazo monga zomaliza zathupi zamtunduwu munthawi ya zinthu zomwe zilipo ndizosakwanira. Ndife gulu la zinthu zomwe zakhala zothandiza (koma osafunikirabe) m'mbiri yathu yonse ya chisinthiko, machitidwe omwe sanali othandiza kwenikweni koma osavulaza mokwanira kuti atipangitse, ndipo sitingachotse zinthu zilizonse chifukwa akhazikika kwambiri m'malo athu, ngakhale atha kuyambitsa mavuto akulu.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, kupangitsa kumwa mwauchidakwa kumaonedwa ngati kakhalidwe ka anthu. Kaya ndife oledzera mwa kumeza kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zochitika zina, nthawi zonse amagwiritsa ntchito njira zina zolimbitsa thupi zomwe mwa izo zokha zimagwira ntchito yofunika m'thupi.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo ku Austria
Zochitika ndi ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osavomerezeka (kuchuluka kwa nthawi yayitali) ndizofala kwambiri ku Austria chifukwa cha anthu odwala cannabis kuyambira kuchuluka kwa pafupifupi 30 mpaka 40 peresenti mwa akulu achinyamata, malinga ndi lipoti la mankhwala la 2016. Maphunziro ambiri oimira amawonetsanso zochitika za ogula kuyambira pafupifupi 2 mpaka 4 peresenti ya "ecstasy", cocaine ndi amphetamine, kuyambira pafupifupi 1 mpaka 2 peresenti ya opioids.
Zotsatira za kafukufuku sizowonetsa kusintha kwakukulu pamakhalidwe a ogula, onse kwa achinyamata komanso achinyamata. Zakudya zamagetsi (makamaka cocaine) zimakhazikika pamalo otsika. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zatsopano zama psychoactive sikugwira ntchito. Zaka zaposachedwa, komabe, kukulira kwa mawonekedwe a zinthu amapezeka pakulawa ndikuyesera kumwa.
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa opioid kumaimira gawo lalikulu kwambiri logwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu Pakadali pano, anthu a 29.000 ndi 33.000 amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amaphatikizapo opioids. Zambiri zomwe zilipo zikuwonetsa kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa ogwiritsa ntchito opioid omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu mu gulu la azaka la 15 mpaka zaka za 24, chifukwa chake pali ena obwera kumene. Kaya izi zikutanthauza kuchepa kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mokwanira kapena kosunthira kwazinthu zina sizodziwikiratu.
Thupi limasinthira kuyang'ana
Thupi lathu limatulutsa ma opiates ngati ma pinkiller opanga tokha. Ngakhale ululu umakwaniritsa ntchito yofunikira pakusamalira chida chogwira ntchito, chifukwa chimaloza kuzinthu zomwe zimapatuka kuzabwino. Ntchito yothandizirana ndi zowawa ndikuti amatitsogolera ku zovuta zomwe thupi lathu limafunikira kuthana nazo. Tikangoyankha motsatana, ntchitoyo imakwaniritsidwa ndipo ululu suwafunikanso. Opiates amagawidwa kuti aletse.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, momwe thupi limagwirira ntchito komanso ma oporate a endorphin a thupi adafotokozedwa zaka zasayansi atangoyambitsa opiates ngati mankhwala a analgesic. Zotsatira zake sizimangochepetsa ululu, komanso zimapondereza njala, komanso kumasula mahomoni ogonana. Zotsatira zake zakukopa kwachilengedwe, ngati kuli kotheka, chidwi cha chamoyocho chimatha kupatutsidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zoyambira monga chakudya, kuti tikwaniritse magwiridwe ena. Izi ndizofunikira pakulimbikitsa monga gawo la yankho la kupsinjika.
Ngozi ngati chinthu chowonjezera
Nkhope ndi nkhope yaimfa pomwe kulumpha kwa bunge, kuthyola mayendedwe othamanga pa skis, kuyamba mpikisano wokhala ndi magalimoto olemera pa njinga yamoto - zonsezi ndi zochitika zowopsa kwambiri. Kodi nchiyani chimatipatsa ngozi zoterezi? Chifukwa chiyani sitingakane kukondweretsedwa?
Marvin Zuckerman adalongosola za umunthu "ofuna kudziwa", kutanthauza kusaka njira zosiyanasiyana komanso zokumana nazo zatsopano. Timakwaniritsa izi kudzera mu kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso zoopsa, komanso kudzera mu moyo wopanda tanthauzo, kudzera munzeru, kapena kupewa kutaya mtima. Sianthu onse omwe akuwonetsa mulingo wofanana wa "kufuna kumva".
Kodi maziko azikhalidwe izi ndi otani? M'mikhalidwe yowopsa, pamakhala kutulutsidwa kwakukulu kwa adrenaline. Kuthamanga kwa adrenaline kumeneku kumabweretsa chidwi chochulukirapo, timakondwera, mtima ukugunda mwachangu, kupumira kwamphamvu kumathamanga. Thupi limakonzekera kumenya nkhondo kapena kuthawa.
Zofanana ndi ma opiate, zomverera zina monga njala ndi ululu zimaponderezedwa. Ntchito yofunikira kwambiri iyi m'mbiri yathu ya chisinthiko - kulola kuti chiwalochi chizingoganizira zovuta zomwe zapezeka, osasokonezedwa ndi zosowa zokhala ndi moyo - ikhoza kukhala maziko azikhalidwe zowonjezera: zotsatira zowopsa za adrenaline ndizomwe omwe amafunafuna chiwopsezo oledzera, komanso zomwe zimawalimbikitsa kutenga zoopsa.
Ngati mulingo wa adrenaline umatsika, thupi loponderezedwa limachira pang'onopang'ono. Ululu, njala ndi malingaliro ena osasangalatsa omwe amatikumbutsa kuti tisamalire zofuna zathupi. Zizindikiro zochoka panjira zomwe sizimamveka bwino.
Kuchokera pa mphotho mpaka kuzolowera
Kuyesa ndi makoswe, komabe, kunawonetsa kuti awa alinso ndi kufooka kotchulidwa kwa zinthu za euphoric. Makoswe omwe angalimbikitse mwachindunji gawo la mphotho mu ubongo wawo mwa kuyambitsa wolumikizira, kuyambitsa kumasulidwa kwa opiates a thupi, kuwonetsa machitidwe enieni. Amagwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza mobwerezabwereza, ngakhale zitakhala kuti amayenera kudana ndi zakudya ndi zina zofunika.
Kafukufuku winanso adayang'ana momwe kudalira kumakhalira ndi makoswe akapatsidwa mwayi wodzibayira nokha. Makoswe amakula kudalira kwa heroin, cocaine, amphetamine, chikonga, mowa ndi THC pazinthu izi. Makoswe atayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo a heroin kapena cocaine, kusuta kwawo kumapita patali kwambiri kotero kuti sangathe kukana mankhalawo ngakhale kuphatikiza kwa cocaine kuphatikizidwa ndi kugwedezeka kwa magetsi ngati chilango.
"Zopanga"
Zokonda pa zinthu zomwe zimatipangitsa kukhala ndi moyo wabwino sizovuta kukhala tokha. M'malo mwake, zoyambira zimathandizira chamoyo. Komabe, njira zachilengedwe zotere sizinthu zomveka bwino.
Kudzera mu zikhalidwe zamitundu yatsopano timatha kutsatira zokonda izi kwamuyaya, zomwe zimatipangitsa kuti tisanyalanyaze zofunika zina zachilengedwe. Njira zopindulira zolimbitsa thupi, zomwe ntchito yake yoyambirira imakhala yopindulitsa machitidwe othandizira amoyo, imatha kutsogola kutsutsana ngati tingathe kuwalimbikitsa mwachindunji. Izi zimachitika ndi kuphatikiza kwazinthu zowonetsa, kapena kukopa kwa zigawo zogwirizana ndi ubongo.
Kubweza: sayansi kapena chikhalidwe?
Popeza tili ndi chizolowezi chomwa mowa mwauchidakwa, kufunafuna kwathu kuledzera, tili ndi maziko azikhalidwe, ndipo sikuti mwanjira yatsopano. Kutha kuyankha izi, komabe: kaya ndi kupezeka kwa zinthu zolimbikitsa, kapena kuthekera kwa chidwi, izi ndi zinthu zatsopano zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito kuti tiwonjezere kusangalala, ndikupitiliza mtengo wathu ndi zina mwazomwe tili.
Kuzindikiritsa nyama yanyama
Nyama zina zimatha kuchita bwino popanda kuthandizidwa: Njovu zimakonda kuonedwa zipatso zopatsa mphamvu. Komabe, kaganizidwe kawo ka zinthu ndi kagwiritsidwe kawo ka masewerawa sikuwoneka ngati kamakhala ndi vuto la mowa. Zomwezi ndizomwe zimachitika pamitundu yambiri ya zipatso: Zikuwoneka kuti zimalola mowa kuti zizitha kudya zipatso zopatsa mphamvu komanso timadzi tating'ono popanda kulephera kutuluka. Ochita masewera apadziko lonse lapansi olekerera zakumwa amawoneka kuti ndi Spitzhörnchen, yemwe amati amalephera tsiku lililonse lachitatu ndi miyezo ya anthu, koma akuwoneka kuti sangakhale ndi vuto lililonse pagalimoto zawo.
Nyani wa Rhesus ndi anyani ena, kumbali inayo, akuwonetsa zovuta zofananira monga ife, ndipo amawonedwa mobwerezabwereza kumwa mowa. Izi zikuwonetsetsa kuti nyamazo sizipangitsa kuti zinthu izi zichitike, kapena ngati zakudya zomwe zili ndi mphamvu zambiri zimangoleketsa mowa. Anyani obiriwira apanga khola la mowa, chifukwa minda yambiri ya nzimbe imapezeka m'malo awo. Amakonda kusakaniza kwa mowa ndi shuga kwa madzi abwino a shuga. Chifukwa chake zikuwoneka kuti ndizomwe zimayambitsa dala kumwa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito moledzera tanthauzo - ndiye kuti, monga gwero lamphamvu - mu metabolism kumawoneka ngati kwasintha kangapo m'kusintha. Zimakhudzana kwambiri ndi njira ya moyo: okhala m'mitengo, omwe amatha kudya zipatso zosapsa ndi zosapsa, samayenera kuthana ndi mowa, okhalitsa nthaka omwe magwero awo a zipatso adagwa, komabe, kale. Osangodalira shuga ngati gwero lamphamvu, mumakulitsa chiwonetsero chanu chazakudya, ndikuwonjezera mwayi wopulumuka. Zakuti mavuto osafunikira amabwera chifukwa chomwa mowa kwambiri sikucitika kunja chifukwa kupezeka kwa mowa kumakhala kochepa. M'munda, zabwino za kumwa mowa mopitilira muyeso zimawonjezera zovuta zake. Pokhapo kupezeka kwa mowa mopanda malire kudzera pazomwe zimachitika mwazikhalidwe zamtunduwu kumene izi zimapangitsa kukhala vuto lomwe lingakhalepo.
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