Stefan Tesch
Caca, makamashin nukiliya, makamai, taba da injiniyan dabi'a sune kawai aka cire daga jerin ka'idodin wariyarwar da Wiener Privatbank Schelhammer da Schattera ya sanya takunkumi game da ci gaba mai dorewa. Kamfanoni da ke aiki a waɗannan yankuna ba za su sami wuri a cikin ɗabi'ar ɗabi'a na wannan banki ba. Hakanan, jihohi suna fadawa cikin tashe, inda take hakkin ɗan adam, aikin yara da hukuncin kisa shine dokar yau da gobe ko kuma tauye 'yancin manema labarai.
Bankin da ke da alaka da coci na daya daga cikin wadanda ke kan gaba a fagen saka jari mai dorewa. "Lokacin da muka fara sanya ka'idojin da'a game da kudade shekaru 15 da suka gabata, an yi mana dariya," in ji Georg Lemmerer, Shugaban ci gaba. Koyaya, rikicin shekara ta 2008 ya haifar da sake tunani tsakanin masu saka hannun jari kuma mutane da yawa sun gane cewa ɗabi'a da ɗorewa ba cinikayyar kasuwanci bane gaba ɗaya. "Sa hannun jari mai dorewa a cikin kamfanoni yana guje wa haɗari," in ji Lemmerer. Misali, an dakatar da fatarar Girka, saboda jarin gwamnatin Hellenic ba za a tafi ba saboda yawan kudin makamai. Takardu daga kamfanin mai na BP ma haramun ne. Lemmerer ya ce "Idan har kamfanoni suke sabawa ka'idojin muhalli, lokaci ne kawai kafin ya yi mummunan tasiri ga nasarar tattalin arziki," Kodayake farashin kuɗaɗen ɗabi'a na Schelhammer sun durkushe yayin rikicin, sun murmure da sauri fiye da matsakaita.
TIPS don ciyarwa mai dorewa:
Dorewa vs. amfanin ƙasa
Ko wadatar kuɗi gabaɗaya suna ba da mafi girma ko ƙananan dawowa fiye da "al'ada" ba za'a iya amsa su akan farashi mai sauƙi ba. Amma a bayyane yake cewa "saka jari mai dorewa ba lallai ne ya zama sanadin dawowar ba," in ji Lemmerer. Idan aka kalli asusu na "3", wanda ya ƙunshi kashi 80 bisa ɗari na ma'aurata da kashi 20 cikin daidaito, ya nuna cewa tun lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da shi a cikin shekara ta 1991, farashinsa ya tashi a kan matsakaici ta hanyar shekara-shekara na kashi 4,3. Gabaɗaya, Schelhammer da Schattera suna gudanar da kuɗaɗen ɗabi'a guda shida tare da dabaru daban-daban a bayan sa.
Yankunan kayayyakin tallafi mai dorewa yana da yawa a cikin Austria har ma da na duniya. Koyaya, fassarar manufar dorewa tsakanin cibiyoyi ya sha bamban. Misali, yawancin kudade da keɓaɓɓen muhalli ɗaya a cikin fayil ana ɗauka mai dorewa. Ma'aikatar Muhalli ana bayar da ita ta hanyar jagora tare da Austinlia na Ecolabel don samfuran Kasuwancin Mai Dorewa. Kudaden da ke ɗauke da shi wani cikas ne ga ƙarfin makaman nukiliya, makamai, injiniyan ɗan adam da take hakkin ɗan adam. Za'a iya samun jerin a ƙarƙashin www.umweltzeichen.at.
Microcredit kamar taimakon cigaba
Don saka hannun jari mai ɗorewa, ba lallai bane a buƙaci bankunan gargajiya. Ofayan bambance-bambance daban-daban shine rancen kuɗi, bayar da ƙananan lamuni ga mutanen da ke fama da talauci a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa da masu tasowa. Ana ba su ta cibiyoyin microfinance (MFIs) na cikin gida ga mutanen da ba sa hannun jari, mutanen da ba za su sami rancen daga bankuna na al'ada ba. Dalilan wannan na iya zama ƙarar da tayi ƙasa da yawa ga bankuna ko kuma rashin wayewar abokan ciniki
"Biyan bashin suna taimaka wa mutane ta hanyar samun kudi su tsaya kan kafafunsu biyu kuma kada su jefa su cikin rikice-rikice na sharuddan bada lamuni ko kuma aikata laifi," in ji Helmut Berg, shugaban kungiyar. Oikocredit na Ostaria, An kafa shi a cikin Netherlands, wannan NUMungiyar Haɗin Gwiwar 1975 a yau tana aiki a cikin ƙasashe na 71. Ba ta ba da kanta ga microcredit ba, amma tana ba da babban jari zuwa tafkin MFIs na cikin gida (600 a cikin ƙasashe na 70 a duniya). Yin hakan, Oikocredit yana aiki ne kawai tare da waɗancan MFI waɗanda ke ba masu ba su bashi isasshen horarwa don kasuwancin su. Berg ya ce, "Suna haduwa da abokan cinikinsu daidai gwargwado kuma suna kula da su a matsayin abokan kasuwanci," in ji Berg. Adadin kuɗi na yau da kullun a Asiya da Kudancin Amurka yana tsakanin 100 da 500 Yuro don sharuɗɗan tsakanin watanni shida da shekara guda. Irin wannan rance yana da isasshen wadatarwa, wanda game da tela zai iya siyan sabon injin dinki don haka ya sami tushen samun kuɗi na dogon lokaci.
Dorewar Zuba Jari: Shiga cikin Microfinance
A matsayinka na mai zaman kansa zaka iya Oikocredit Zuba jari mai dorewa daga 200 Yuro a cikin nau'ikan Takaddun Shaida na Haɗin Kai ba tare da lokacin ɗauri ba. Ya danganta da nasarar kasuwancin, har zuwa kashi biyu cikin 100 na rabon da aka rarraba duk shekara, wanda aka samu tabbaci a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Babu kuɗin sayen kuɗi da siyarwa kuma babu kuɗin caji. Koyaya, kamfanin yana neman kuɗin memba na son rai daga 20 Yuro don rufe farashin bashin. A cikin wannan ƙasa, kusan mutane 5.200 suna ba da gudummawa tare da jituwa tare da matsakaita na 18.000 Yuro kowane. A taƙaice, wannan yana sanya babban jari na hannun jari na 93 miliyoyin, ɗayan yana ƙidaya duk rassan Oikocredit Tare, kun kusan kusan biliyan daya. Kimanin rabin adadin hannun jarin Oikocredit zai tafi Latin Amurka, kwata-kwata zuwa Asiya, da kuma wani yanki zuwa Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai. Kasashen da suke da mafi yawan kudade: India (kusan miliyan 95), Cambodia (miliyan 65) da Bolivia (60 miliyan).
Kuma yaya game da hadarin? "Matsayin tsoffin kudaden lamuni ya kusan kashi daya cikin dari. Amfanin mu shine babban tsarin samar da hannun jari, "in ji Berg. Koyaya, kamar yadda yake tare da sauran samfuran kuɗi, babban birnin masu saka hannun jari bashi da banbanci ga inshorar ajiya kuma, a akasarin haka, mai tsoho mai yiwuwa ne. Koyaya, babu mai saka jari da ya rasa kuɗi a Oikocredit.
Sa hannun jari dorewa: hannun jari a tashar wutar lantarki
Tsirran wutar lantarki, galibi tsirrai masu amfani da hasken rana, sun shahara sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Masu saka jari sun sayi bangarorin hasken rana na mutum mai sarrafa wutar lantarki kuma suna basu hayar mai aiki. Wannan yana samar da wutar lantarki kuma yana biyan ragi na shekara-shekara ga mai ba kwamitin. Sale-And-Lease-Back shine sunan wasan kuma an samu ci gaba ta hanyar Wien Energie tare da tsire-tsire masu ƙarfin 24, gami da hasken rana na 22 da kuma iska mai iska guda biyu, a cikin yankin Greater Vienna. Har zuwa yau, wasu masu saka hannun jari na 6.000 tare da jimillar Euro miliyan 27. Daraktan Gudanarwa na Kärntner ya ce "damar kasuwa don saka hannun jari na PV har yanzu tana da girma sosai, amma ribar ta dogara da tallafin da gwamnati ke bayarwa na samar da wutar lantarki ta zamani," in ji Günter Grabner, Daraktan Gudanar da Kärntner Plantarfin wutar mu na Naturstrom GmbH, Mai aiki da tsire-tsire na hasken rana na 20 a Austria. A halin yanzu, tallafin (jadawalin kuɗin jirgi) a cikin kuɗin 8,24 a kowane kilowatt-hour, 2012 19 Cent ya kasance fiye da sau biyu. Abubuwan da suka dawo kan irin wannan hannun jarin na iya raguwa cikin dogon lokaci. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, masu aikin samar da wutar lantarki suna ba da ƙayyadaddun rancen kuɗi tare da sharuɗɗa mara iyaka.
"Kamfanin samar da wutar lantarkinmu" ya bada tabbacin an daidaita kashi uku kuma kofofin masu saka jari a bude suke a halin yanzu, saboda Günter Grabner yana gina kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na 'yan kasa 12.000 a saman rufin wani wurin shakatawa na kasuwanci a Wernersdorf, Styria. Mutane masu zaman kansu ne kawai waɗanda ke iya siyan tsakanin bangarori ɗaya zuwa 48 a kan farashin Yuro 500 kowannensu - aƙalla Yuro dubu 24.000 aka ba su izinin saka hannun jari. "A matsakaici, mutum yana riƙe da alluna 20," in ji Grabner. Babu wani lokacin ɗaure, kodayake, idan aka siyar da bangarorin a cikin shekaru biyar na farko, ana biyan kuɗin Euro 50.
Kasancewa cikin Windkraft Simonsfeld AG, wanda ke aiki da gonakin iska guda goma a Austria da daya a Bulgaria, yana aiki daban. Masu saka hannun jari na iya shiga wurin ta hanyar hannun jarin da ba a lissafta ba, waɗanda kawai trad ne kai tsaye tsakanin masu hannun jari.
Hankali: Kasancewa a cikin ikon wutar lantarki na ƙasa ba su da karɓar haraji kuma dole ne a biya harajin dabam dabam ga harafin 730 na shekara ɗaya a shekara.
Sa hannun jari dorewa: madadin jama'a masu saka jari
2013 Wolfgang Deutschmann ya rigaya san cewa Crowdinvesting a yanzu yana canza yanayin kasuwar babban birni kuma ya kafa dandalin girke girke tare da abokin aikinsa Peter Gaber Roka Green, Yana maida hankali ne akan ra'ayoyin kasuwanci masu dorewa. Misali mafi kwanan nan shine ruwan lemo na ruwan 'ya'yan itace, wanda kwanan nan ya fitar da 150.000 Yuro daga cikin taron. "Ba kamar sauran dandamali ba, mun zabi bisa ga ka'idodi masu tsauri," in ji Deutschmann. Bai kamata tsarin kasuwanci ya dawwama ba, dole ne a manta da su. Wanda ya kirkiro kungiyar ya ce "kawai don ya zo mana da wani tunani ya yi nisa da wuri." Sakamakon wannan ƙaƙƙarfan manufar: Daga ayyukan 30, mutane biyu kawai ba su sami nasarar tallafawa taron ba.
Komawa ga masu hannun jari sune bangarorin biyu: Na farko, rabon ribar kamfani na shekara-shekara. Na biyu, daga karuwar darajar kasuwancin. Koyaya, wannan ya faru ne kawai a ƙarshen lokacin, yawanci bayan shekara takwas zuwa goma. Wadanda suka fice daga ciki zasu iya yin hakan, amma zasu yi asara akan hakan, galibi mafi yawa kaso na duka dawowar. Game da siyarwar kamfani (Fitowa), mutum ya shiga daidaituwa akan darajar tallan. Wasu kamfanoni har yanzu suna ba masu zuba jari jarin ƙimar shekara-shekara na tsakanin kashi ɗaya zuwa uku a matsayin alewa.
Zuba jari kawai a kamfani yana da matukar hadari, saboda yawan asarar hannun jarinsa ya yiwu. "Saboda haka, yadawa zuwa kusan goma yayi kyau. Sannan dawowar kashi goma zuwa kashi 15 zai yiwu, "in ji Deutschmann. A matsakaici, masu saka jari suna cikin ayyukan biyu zuwa uku tare da 1.000 Yuro kowane
Dorewar Zuba jari - Bunkasa Kasuwa
A Ostiryia, Jamus da Switzerland, ƙarar mai saka hannun jari ya karu har sau biyar daga 52 zuwa 257 biliyan a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata. Wannan ya nuna ta Rahoton Kasuwanci na Forum Nachhaltige Geldanlagen (FNG). A Ostiraliya, jarin da aka samar na 2015 ya bunkasa da kashi 14 bisa dari a cikin shekarar da ta gabata zuwa Yuro biliyan goma. Kimanin kashi ɗaya cikin huɗɗa ana ba da damar ga ɗaiɗaikun masu zaman kansu, sauran ga masu saka hannun jari na gwamnati, kamar kudaden fansho.
Wolfgang Pinner, shugaban FNG Austria ya ce "alama ce ta tabbatacciya cewa zuba jari mai dorewa a cikin Jamhuriyar Jamus ya yi daidai a cikin kasuwar gaba daya." "Wannan ya nuna a fili cewa wannan ya fi abin da ake yi a yanzu."
Photo / Video: Shutterstock.
