CO2 diyya: "Haɗari mai haɗari ga zirga-zirgar iska"

Shin zan iya daidaita abubuwan da nake fitarwa idan ba na son zaɓar tsakanin balaguron sama da kariyar yanayi? A'a, in ji Thomas Fatheuer, tsohon shugaban ofishin Gidauniyar Heinrich Böll a Brazil kuma ma'aikacin Cibiyar Bincike da Takaddun Bayanai na Chile-Latin Amurka (Farashin FDCL). A cikin hira da Pia Voelker, ya bayyana dalilin da ya sa.

Gudummawa ta Hoton Pia Voelker "Edita kuma kwararre na Gen-ethische Netzwerk eV da edita na mujallar yanar gizo ad hoc international"

Pia Voelker: Mista Fatheuer, biyan diyya yanzu ya bazu kuma ana amfani da shi a cikin zirga-zirgar jiragen sama. Yaya zaku yi la'akari da wannan ra'ayi?

Thomas Fatheuer: Manufar biyan diyya ta dogara ne akan zaton cewa CO2 yayi daidai da CO2. Dangane da wannan ma'anar, ana iya musayar hayakin CO2 daga konewar burbushin don ajiyar CO2 a cikin shuke-shuke. Misali, ana sake yin gandun daji tare da aikin biyan diyya. CO2 da aka adana an daidaita shi akan hayakin da iska ke fitarwa. Koyaya, wannan yana haɗuwa da hawan keke guda biyu waɗanda suke a zahiri daban.

Wata matsala ita ce cewa mun lalata yawancin gandun daji da mahalli na duniya baki ɗaya, kuma tare da su bambancin rayuwa. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa dole ne mu daina sare dazuzzuka ko dawo da gandun daji da mahalli. Ana gani a duniya, wannan ba ƙarin ƙarfi bane wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don ramawa.

Voelker: Shin akwai wasu ayyukan biyan diyya da suka fi wasu tasiri?

Fatheuer: Ayyuka na mutum na iya zama da tasiri sosai. Ko sun yi ma'ana da ma'ana wata tambaya ce. Misali, Atmosfair, tabbas tabbatacce ne kuma yana da suna don tallafawa ayyukan da ke fa'idantar da ƙananan masana'antu ta hanyar inganta tsarin gandun daji da kuma ilimin halittu.

Voelker: Yawancin waɗannan ayyukan ana aiwatar dasu a ƙasashe a cikin Global South. Idan aka duba a duk duniya, koyaya, yawancin hayaƙin CO2 ana haifar da su a cikin ƙasashe masu ci gaban masana'antu. Me yasa babu diyya a inda hayakin yake?

Fatheuer: Wannan shine ainihin ɓangaren matsalar. Amma dalili mai sauƙi ne: masu gabatarwa na yau da kullun sun fi rahusa a cikin Global South. Takaddun shaida daga ayyukan REDD (Rage gurɓataccen hayaki daga sare dazuzzuka a cikin ƙasashen Latin Amurka waɗanda ke mai da hankali kan rage sare dazuka sun fi rahusa fiye da takaddun shaida waɗanda ke inganta renaturation na moors a Jamus.

Voelker: Masu goyon bayan dabarun biyan diyya suna jayayya cewa manufofin da ke bayan ayyukan ba wai kawai kokarin ceton iskar gas ba ne, har ma da kokarin inganta yanayin rayuwar mazauna yankin. Me kuke tunani game da shi?

Fatheuer: Hakan na iya zama gaskiya dalla-dalla, amma shin ba zalunci ba ne don a inganta haɓakar yanayin rayuwar mutane a matsayin wani sakamako na illa? A cikin jargon fasaha ana kiransa "Ba Amfanon Carbon-Amfani" (NCB). Komai ya dogara da CO2!

Voelker: Me CO2 diyya zai iya yi don yaƙi da canjin yanayi?

Fatheuer: Ba a fitar da gram ɗaya na CO2 ƙasa kaɗan ta hanyar biyan diyya, wasa ne mai ƙididdiga. Biyan diyya ba ya aiki don ragewa, sai dai don kiyaye lokaci.

Ma'anar tana ba da mafarki mai haɗari cewa za mu ci gaba da farin ciki mu iya magance komai ta hanyar biyan diyya.

Voelker: Me kuke ganin ya kamata a yi?

Fatheuer: Dole ne zirga-zirgar jiragen sama ta ci gaba da haɓaka. Kalubalantar balaguron sama da inganta hanyoyin ya zama fifiko.

Waɗannan buƙatu masu zuwa, alal misali, za a iya tunaninsu don ajanda na gajeren lokaci a cikin EU.

• Duk jirage da ke ƙasa da kilomita 1000 ya kamata a dakatar da su, ko kuma aƙalla sun ƙara ƙaruwa a farashin.
• Ya kamata a inganta hanyar sadarwar jirgin kasa ta Turai tare da farashin da ke sa zirga-zirgar jiragen ƙasa yakai kilomita 2000 mai rahusa fiye da jirage.

A matsakaiciyar magana, dole ne manufar ta zama a hankali rage zirga-zirgar jiragen sama. Hakanan muna buƙatar ƙarfafa amfani da madadin makamashi. Koyaya, wannan bai kamata ya haɗa da “biofuels” ba, amma ya zama kerosene na roba, misali, wanda ake samarwa ta amfani da wutar lantarki daga makamashin iska.

Dangane da gaskiyar cewa hatta harajin kananzir ba za a iya aiwatar da siyasa ba a halin yanzu, irin wannan hangen nesan ba da ma'ana ba ce.

"Matukar zirga-zirgar jiragen sama ke karuwa, diyya ba daidai ba ce."

Abin sani kawai zan iya tunanin biyan diyya zuwa wani matsayi azaman bayar da gudummawa mai ma'ana idan aka saka ta a cikin wata dabarar ɓata hanya. A cikin yanayin yau, ba shi da fa'ida saboda yana ci gaba da tsarin haɓaka. Yayin da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama ke girma, diyya amsar ba daidai ba ce.

Karin Fatheuer Ya shugabanci ofishin Brazil na Gidauniyar Heinrich Böll a Rio de Janeiro. Ya zauna a Berlin a matsayin marubuci kuma mai ba da shawara tun daga 2010 kuma yana aiki a Cibiyar Bincike da Takaddun Bayanai na Chile-Latin Amurka.

Ganawar ta fara bayyana ne a cikin mujallar yanar gizo mai suna "ad hoc international": https://nefia.org/ad-hoc-international/co2-kompensation-gefaehrliche-illusionen-fuer-den-flugverkehr/