Detergent: Ukugeza okuluhlaza okotshani

Ekuqaleni kwama-1950s, kwakhiqizwa okokuhlanza izinto zokuqala ngemishini yokuwasha. Ngemuva nje kweminyaka embalwa, ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwalaba bantu abaphikelelayo, abangaguqukiyo kuholele ezintabeni ezinamachaphaza emanzini. Ngamunye wethu udla cishe ama-kilogremu we-7,8 wekhilogremu njalo ngonyaka. Cishe i-200 isamba sigeza minyaka yonke amakhilogremu we-550 Inhlangano yezemvelo i-Global 2000 iyaphawula: "kuma-1970s, imiphumela ye-phosphates yabonakala. Ukulingana kwamachibi kuphazamisekile kanti ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izilwane nezitshalo zafa ngenxa yokuxineka okuphezulu kakhulu. "Emashumini eminyaka alandelayo, okungenani ama-phosphates kanye nabanye ababesebenza ekuhlanzeni ngensimbi bavinjwa.

Okumhlophe kunokumhlophe

Izinto zokuhlanza ezivamile ziqukethe ama-surfactants njengesithako sabo esiyinhloko sokuwasha. Lokhu kukhulula ukungcola ezintanjeni zendwangu futhi kuvimbele ukungcola okusha ekungeneni kwezintambo. Izithambisi zamanzi zivimbela ukubalwa emshinini wokuwasha kanye ne-limescale deposits ezindwangu. Ukuwasha ama-alkalis nakho kwenza ukuthi imicu ivuvukale, kube lula ukususa ukungcola. Ama-enzyme athile ayengezwa ukususa amabala aqukethe amaprotheni, isitashi namafutha. Ukulungisa ama-ejenti kuvimbela ama-powder detergents ekuvuvukeni ngesikhathi sokugcinwa futhi asebenze njenge-extender. Ama-bleaching agents kanye nama-optical brighteners asusa amabala bese enza "okumhlophe" kubonakale kumhlophe qwa.

Akuyona yonke into enokonakala

Kuma-detergents ajwayelekile kuseyizinto ezingalimaza imvelo ngokuzinzile. Lokhu kungaba, ngokwesibonelo, ukukhanya okukhanyayo kokukhanya kwe-biodegradable noma i-ethoxylated surapyants ekhipha inani elincane lezinto ze-mutagenic ne-carcinogenic.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufakwa amakha, ama-dyes nezinto zokugcina ezingamakhambi zokwenziwa, ezingafani nhlobo noma ezinzima kuphela ze-biodegradable. Izimbumbulu eziguqulwe ngofuzo ziqukethe ama-enzyme enzelwe izakhi zofuzo omphumela wazo kubantu nakwimvelo awaziwa ngokuphelele futhi ungabangela ukungahambelani kahle komzimba.
Izithasiselo zamakhemikhali okunzima ukuzidicilela phansi zisuka kumanzi angcolile kuya kumanzi angaphansi komhlaba futhi zisuka lapho ziye emanzini okuphuza futhi ekugcineni ekudleni kwethu. Isibonelo, ama-nonylphenols, akhishwe kubaqambi bezokuhlanzwe okujwayelekile, asebenza njengama-hormonal, ubuthi obuphikelelayo obungapheli. Akuyona ingozi iziqholo ze-nitro-musk zokwenziwa, ezingenakonakaliswa, ezisebenza njengeDuftfixierer futhi ezinqwabelana emathanjeni anamanqatha abantu nawezilwane.

I-eco-ehlukile

Okokuhlanza kwemvelo kususelwa ezintweni zokuhlanza zemifino futhi akunazimbumbulu zokukhanya, odayi, ama-foam boosters noma ama-phosphates. Imikhiqizo yemvelo inomusa ngokukhethekile esikhunjeni futhi ilungele ikakhulukazi abanenkinga yokungezwani komzimba. Igama elithi "ebucayi" kumkhiqizo lingaba inkomba yokuthi isitholi asinawo amakha noma asinawo amandla okugcina. Ukuphehla uphethroli wamakhemikhali akunawo umthelela omubi kwesephulelo, ngokusho kwemiphumela yokuhlola evela ku-otkotest naseStiftung Warentest.

"Izinhlelo Modular"

Abakhiqizi abaningi be-eco banikeza okubizwa ngokuthi "ama-modular system". Izakhi eziyinhloko zomshini wokuhlanza zingahlanganiswa ngokuya ngezinga lokukhula, ukugeza nobunzima bamanzi. Okokuhlanza okuyisisekelo kuqukethe amafulethi wesepha, aqeda ukungcola okukhohlakele. Amanye amabhlogo wokwakha, njengamanzi ethambisa amanzi, asetshenziselwa amanzi alukhuni. Okokuhlanza okumhlophe, kukhona isitini esingeziwe esisebenza ngo-oksijini. Lapha, imvelo izuzisa, njengalapho isetshenziswa kahle, kusetshenziswa amakhemikhali amancane.
Inkampani Sonett ingenye yalaba bahlinzeki. I-Sonett ikhiqiza kuphela izithambisi ezingonakaliswa ngamaphesenti ayikhulu. "Ngaphezu kwensipho, sisebenzisa kuphela ushukela abasebenzisa ushukela ne-coconut oil alcohol sulfure ekuhlanzeni. Ngaphezu kwensipho, lezi zinto zokuhlanzeka kalula nezisusa imishini yokuhlanza imifino. Ikakhulu, ngokugeza ohlelweni olusetshenziswayo, lapho okokuhlanza okuyisisekelo, okuthambile kanye no-bleach kukhishwa ngokwahlukana, izinto ezingavuthiwe zingagcinwa futhi kungahlanzwa kahle nangezindlela ezilula. Uma ilondolo lingcole kancane, lizongenziwa ngensipho yenyongo noma nge-stain spray noma kufakwe isakhi esinezikhumba esine-sodium ne-sodium percarbonate esekelwe komoya.

Ngokwemvelo ngokuphelele

Amasepha, okungukuthi amagobolondo amaSepha amaNdiya noma aseNepalese, abhekane nengqinamba yangempela emakethe yaseYurophu iminyaka ethile manje. Izitsha ezomisiwe zigcwele emigqonyeni yezindwangu bese zibekwa kwisigubhu sokuwasha. Izitsha ziqukethe i-saponin ye-drug, efana ne-insipho. Amantongomane wensipho angasetshenziswa kaningana. Lapho ebuzwa ngomphumela, izipoki ziyahlukahluka.
Ngokufanayo, umbono lapho ugeza ngamathe esifubeni, i-ivy futhi uxutshwe ndawonye izimpuphu zensipho ne-wash yokuwasha. Mhlawumbe okulindelwe abathengi kuhluke kakhulu. Uma ucabanga ukuthi iphunga elijwayelekile (lamakhemikhali) elisha lizodumazeka futhi ukuphathwa kwalo kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho lapho usebenzisa umkhiqizo ophelile.

Geza kahle

Akubalulekile kuphela ukukhetha isithambisi esifanele, kodwa futhi nomthamo ofanele. UHarald Brugger (www.umweltberatung.at): "Umthamo kumele uguqulwe ngezinga lobunzima besilinganiso samanzi namanzi. I-overdose ayenzi mqondo, ngoba ngeke ihlanzeke kunokuhlanzeka. ”Ngaphezu komthamo, futhi kubalulekile ukusebenzisa umshini wokuwasha kahle futhi ukhethe amazinga okushisa afanele.

• Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezindlu zokuhlanza nokuvikela imvelo.

• Izinga lokushisa eliphansi: Umthamo omkhulu wokonga kakhulu ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa kusuka ku-90 ° C kuya ku-60 ° C noma i-40 ° C. Ekuhlanzeni okujwayelekile okungcolile, izinga lokushisa le-40 ° C lanele.

• Ukuxhaphaza ngokuphelele umshini wokuwasha: Ngokusho kocwaningo olwenziwe yiVienna Chamber of Labour, ngokwesilinganiso ama-Austrian agcwalisa kuphela umshini wokuwasha aze afinyelela kwamathathu. Isigubhu sigcwaliswa kahle lapho kusenobubanzi besandla phakathi kwelondolo kanye nomphetho wesigubhu.

• Ukomisa okubizayo: Okomisa abadli bamandla weqiniso futhi bangaphezulu kweshumi kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwendlu. Indlela engcono kakhulu futhi enomnotho yokuwasha izingubo emoyeni omusha.

• Umthamo uyenza: i-dosing eyiyo kungenzeka kuphela uma wazi izinga lobunzima bamanzi akho. (Inkampani yamanzi noma umasipala uhlinzeka ngemininingwane.) Lapho i-dosing isebenzisa izinsiza-dosing - ungalokothi uthathe isilinganiso ngokomzwelo. Gcwalisa izinkomishi zokulinganisa kuphela uphawu olufanele - ungalokothi ngokuphelele. Ama-detergents atholakalayo emakethe namuhla aqukethe ama-filler ambalwa kuneminyaka embalwa edlule. Ngakho-ke, imvamisa inani obekulokhu usetshenziselwa lona lingaphezulu kakhulu kokuhlanzeka kwezingubo zanamuhla.

• Hlunga isihlungi se-lint: Susa isihlungi senkemba nekhabethe lokuthambisa bese uhlanza njalo ngaphansi kwamanzi ampompo.

Engxoxweni nodokotela wezemvelo uProf DI Dr. med. UHans Peter Hutter.

Yiziphi izithako ezisebenza ngokuhlanzisisa ojwayelekile onendaba nazo?
UHans Peter Hutter: Ukusetshenziswa kwamakha amakha namafutha anamakha ngokuvamile akungabazeki, kungabangela ukubhebhetheka komzimba. Kunezinkulungwane zamakha, ambalwa kakhulu afundwe kakhulu. Akunangqondo ngombono wezokwelapha ukusetshenziswa kwama-disinfectants kanye nama-biocides. Okokuqala, lokhu kuyangabazeka kusebenza, ngoba akuzona zonke izidalwa ezincane ezibulewe noma kunjalo, kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho, nakho-ke ukumelana okunezifo ezenza ukuthi amagciwane athile aqine ngisho nangokwengeziwe.

Umthengi kufanele awukhethe kanjani umkhiqizo ofanele wokuwasha?
Umqondo ojwayelekile uyadingeka lapha. Ingabe okuthile kufanele kube mhlophe kunokumhlophe? Futhi iphunga lezinto ezihluke kakhulu? Inkinga eyisisekelo ukuthi, lapho isixuba ngokwengeziwe isibambiso, izinto ezengeziwe eziqukethe ezingaba yinkinga. Ama-eco-detergents awagcini ngokuthula kwemvelo kepha futhi ayinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, anobuhlobo obukhulu besikhumba.

Ngabe ucabangani ngezinye izindlela zokuhlanza ezifana ne-insipho nati?
Ngicabanga kanjalo. Umphumela wokuhlanza ulingana nazo zonke lezi zinto zemvelo awunawo umthelela omubi emvelweni. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kungaba ukuqwashisa ngokuthi ungayekisa kanjani imvelo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ezinye izinto zokuhlanza kodwa futhi nange-dosing efanele nokusingatha umshini wokuwasha.

Photo / Video: Ugogo.