Jörg Hinners
UPhilip uneminyaka engu-30, imitha elilodwa lamashumi ayisishiyagalombili, iphakethe lemisipha langempela futhi uyaziqhenya kakhulu ngomzimba wakhe. Ngaphezu kwezemidlalo nokuvivinya kakhulu isisindo, inyama enothe ngamaprotheni isize ukwenza okungenani uPhilipp ukuba ngumsubathi oyimodeli. NgoJanuwari wokuqala bese kuthi ukuguqulwa okuphelele. Vegan!
Kusuka kolunye usuku kuye kolunye. Kwenzekani? Njengentatheli, ikakhulukazi emhlabeni, imibiko evela emapulazini nemibiko yasemuva kwezolimo iyingxenye yebhizinisi lakhe lansuku zonke. Kepha hhayi konke akubonayo, angakhombisa ababukeli bakamabonakude. Kunegazi kakhulu, izithombe ezivela ezindlini zokuhlatshwa, ezishunqayo futhi, ukukhala kwezilwane ezibulewe, zisindwa kakhulu, izinhlanzi ezivela phansi koLwandle lwaseNyakatho nolweBaltic. Kepha izithombe zihlala ekhanda. Ongenakucimeka wokulingwa. Isizathu esanele sokuba vegan?
Akufanele ubulale
Umyalo wesihlanu usebenza abathandi bezilwane abaqinisekisiwe, be-vegan kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo, hhayi kubantu kuphela. Ngisho nemikhiqizo ebonakala ingadingeki ukuthi ibulawe, efana namaqanda nobisi, ayisabonakali kwimenyu yabo ye-vegan. Ukwenza ngempela ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo yezilwane kusho ukusebenzisa lesi simiso kwezinye izindawo ezifana nezingubo nezimonyo. Izicathulo ezenziwe ngesikhumba ziyabuswa, uvolo uyagwenywa nezimonyo ezihloliwe ezilwaneni noma eziqukethe izithako zezilwane ziyanqatshelwa. Yilokho kuphela okuyi-vegan ngokuphelele.
Akungatshazwa ukuthi, i-vegan ephilayo ayisizi izilwane kuphela, kepha iplanethi yethu isiyonke. Crash ubuntu, ukulahla ukusetshenziswa kwezilwane, umhlaba wethu ungaphefumula ngokoqobo. Kunzima ukucabanga ngezinkulungwane zezigidi zezilwane ze-65 ezikhiqizwa minyaka yonke emhlabeni jikelele. Ahlafuna futhi agaye futhi akhiqize amathani e-methane, igesi elilimaza imvelo elilimaza isimo sezulu. Uma zihlanganiswe, zonke lezi zinto zibonisa ukuthi umthwalo osemkhathini womhlaba wokusetshenziswa kwenyama nezinhlanzi uphakeme kakhulu kunalokho komgwaqo emhlabeni jikelele.
Kuliqiniso ukuthi izibalo ziyahlukahluka ngamaphesenti amagesi wegesi abamba ukushisa akhiqiza inyama yomhlaba ekugcineni. Kwabanye kuyi-12,8, abanye beza nge-18 noma ngisho nangamaphesenti ama-40.
Isifiso esikhulayo senyama
Amaphaphu omhlaba, i-Amazon, nawo angaba nethuba uma ukucekelwa amadlelo kumisiwe. Kepha izinkomo eziningi ngokwengeziwe zidinga umhlaba owengeziwe. EBrazil kuphela, inani lezinkomo phakathi kwe-1961 ne-2011 seliphindeke kabili ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-200.
Njengoba umcebo ukhula, isifiso sokudla inyama siyakhula: Ukudla inyama kwe-1990 bekungamathani ayizigidi ezingama-150, i-2003 isivele ingamathani ayizigidi ezingama-250, kanye ne-2050 isilinganiso esilinganiselwe samathani ayizigidi ezingama-450, kube nemiphumela emibi ekunikezelweni kokudla emhlabeni. Ngoba izinkulungwane zezigidi zezinkukhu zezinkukhu, ama-16 ezigidigidi zezinkomo kanye nezingulube eziyizigidi eziyinkulungwane, ezisemhlabeni wethu okwesikhashana nje ukuze kudliwe, zidinga ukudla, ukudla okuningi. Sekuvele kudliswa ingxenye yesithathu yazo zonke izinhlamvu emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kuholela kwisomiso ezifundeni ezithela phezulu zase-US kuze kube manje. Uma bonke abantu bedla inyama eningi njengoba thina ma-Austrian namaJalimane emhlabeni wonke, besizodinga amaplanethi ambalwa kuphela okondlayo nezindawo ezingamadlelo.
UVegan: Ungasindwa, futhi unempilo
Ukulima ukufuya izilwane ezifuywayo kunganciphisa ukuqubuka kwezifo ezinqamleza njengomkhuhlane wezingulube kanye ne-BSE (i-bovine spongiform encephalopathy noma isifo senkomo esihlanyayo) futhi kunganciphisa ukutheleleka kwamagciwane okubangelwa ukudla. Futhi, ukutheleleka kwe-EHEC okubhubhisayo (i-enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli, kubangela isifo segazi sokugaya) eminyakeni emibili edlule eJalimane, okwabiza abantu be-53 izimpilo zabo, ekugcineni kungenxa ye-viehexkremente eza njengomanyolo emasimini. Ezifundeni eziningi zaseJalimane, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba nge-nitrate sekuvele kushaqisa. Kepha ukukhiqizwa okwenziwa emasimini ngomquba kuqhubeka kukhula.
Ukulawulwa kwezilwane kuhlangene nokudoti okukhulu kilojoule, amaprotheni kanye nezinye izakhamzimba. Isizathu ukuthi izilwane zishisa iningi lezakhi zazo ngokwazo. Ukukhiqizwa kwekhalori yezilwane njengamanje kubiza amakhalori angaphezu kwemathathu emifino. I-Blatant ukubhujiswa kwempilo yezilwane ngisho nalapho abaningi bengasoli khona ekuqaleni kokubona; ngokwesibonelo, ekukhiqizeni amaqanda. Yinzalo yabesifazane kuphela ebeka amaqanda, hhayi abafowethu. Zibuye zibe nemisipha emincane kakhulu ukuba ithakazelise kwezentengiso njengomthengisi wenyama wabazalisi. Ngakho-ke bakhishwe bephila, noma bexutshwa. Kuzo zonke izikhukhukazi zilele kusekhona umzalwane ofile. Futhi eJalimane kuphela kunezigidi ze-36 zama-hens.
Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezisengozini
Ukuphila nge-Vegan kuletha okuningi kubahlali bamanzi futhi: izilwandlekazi nezilwandle zazingalulama uma singeke sikwazi ukuzala izilwane. Amathani ayizinkulungwane zezigidi ze-100 athathwa olwandle unyaka nonyaka, ngempumelelo nangendlela efanele, kube nemiphumela ebulalayo. Uhlu lwezinhlobo ezisongelwe lude: I-Alaskan salmon, i-sea salmon, i-halibut, i-lobster, i-cod, i-salmon, i-mackerel, i-redfish, i-sardine, i-plaice ne-haddock, i-sole, i-buffalo, i-tuna, i-bass yolwandle kanye ne-walleye. Futhi lokhu kucishiwe nje ohlwini olubomvu. Cishe zonke izinhlobo zingakhula kabili noma kathathu usayizi ezifika kuwo amapuleti ethu, kepha zikhishwa emanzini ngaphambi kokuba zikhule ngokugcwele. Ngokubalwa kohlelo lwezemvelo lwe-UN, i-2050 izoba ngabokugcina ukumisa lokhu, ngoba-ke akukho ukudoba okuthengiswayo okuzokwazi ukwenzeka. Umdlalo uphelile, ngaphandle kokuthi sinqobele isifiso sethu sokudla, noma ushintshele kokudla kwe-vegan.
Okungenani i-EU manje seyinqume ukuthi kusukela ngonyaka olandelayo kuqhubeke, abadobi bazovunyelwa kuphela ukuthi "babambe" amaphesenti amahlanu okubanjwa kwabo. Ngakho-ke nilethe izidalwa zasolwandle emphemeni, zazingafuni ngisho nokubulala. Kusengaba ngamaphesenti we-30. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, cishe zonke izinhlobo zezilwane zizolulama eminyakeni embalwa lapho kuqashwa indawo yokudoba. I-Flora nezilwane zasolwandle nazo zingasizakala ngoba akukho mafutha aphansi alima olwandle futhi ngaleyo ndlela aqede indlela yokuphila kwezilwanyana eziningi ezincane, okubuye kube ngumthombo wokudla kwezinhlanzi eziningi.
Imiphumela yokuphuma okukhulu
Singayiguqula futhi iguquke njengoba sithanda, ukuphathwa kwezilwane kwezimboni nokudoba kuzonakalisa yonke impilo yethu uma simane siqhubeka nokuvela kweminyaka edlule kwe-50. Kodwa ukushintsha ngokuphelele ku-vegan kusho ukuthi kufushane kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukuphuma okukhulu kulolu hlelo kuzoba nemiphumela eyisisekelo yezomnotho. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, izinkampani zokulima imfuyo nezinkukhu zibheke ekugcineni. Abathutha bezilwane, izindawo zokuhlatshwa imfuyo kuzofanele zivalwe. Embonini yokuhlaziya inyama yaseJalimane kuphela, ngokwezibalo zonyaka we-2011, imisebenzi engaphezulu kwe-80.000 ngenzuzo yaminyaka yonke yama-31,4 ama-euro ayikhulu ilahlekile.
Esikhundleni salokho, imboni yamakhemikhali ibizoqhuma. Emhlabeni we-vegan - ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izilwane - i-chemistry ibaluleke kakhulu ukwedlula njengoba injalo nanamuhla. Lapho kusetshenziswe khona isikhumba noboya, kufakwa isikhumba sekulingisa nama-microfibers, ngoba ukotini akuyona into ongayicabanga. Yisitshalo esomile kakhulu esitshalwa kakhulu lapho kulinywa khona amanzi asevele anqabile, njengaseGibhithe.
Abagxeki be-Vegan bayaphika ukuthi ukudla okususelwa ezitshalweni kufanele kuvikele abantu kwizimpawu zokushoda. Kukhona usongo lokutholwa kancane kwe-vitamin B12 ebalulekile. Njengoba le vithamini itholakala cishe kuphela kwimikhiqizo yezilwane, ama-vegans aqinile kufanele ayidle ngokusebenzisa izithako zokudla.
Kurt Schmidinger we Ukudla Kwekusasa Austria ukhombisile esifundweni indlela ukuthi kungaba lula ukuhlela ngayo lokhu. Isidingo salokhu kungaba ukuthi umbuso nezimboni bayabandakanyeka. Kufana nokucebisa usawoti nge-iodine, bese kukhiqizwa amavithamini kanye namaminerali okwenziwe ngokunye ukudla. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi, ngokwesibonelo, ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni zevithamini B12 kwenzeka ikakhulu ngosizo lwama-microorganisms aguquliwe. Akuwona wonke umuntu ozokwamukela lokho.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bekungakhululwa ekuchumeni komuntu ukuthi kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi anake ukunakwa okwanele kwalawa mavithamini namaminerali. Ngenxa yalokhu, abantu abaningi bangase banciphise imikhiqizo yezilwane futhi bashintshele kwisitoreji se-vegan, okuzobe kugqugquzela imboni yokudla ukuthi inikeze nohlu olubanzi lwemikhiqizo eqenjini elikhudlwana eliqondisiwe. Ukunyuka kwesidingo kanye nokunikezwa okungcono kwe-vegan kuholela kumanani aphansi, wona aqhubekisele phambili isidingo. Umjikelezo wokuziqinisa. Ngesinye isikhathi, ukube sonke besingama-vegan, izibhedlela zethu bezizoba ezingenalutho, ngoba izifo ezinjengezifo zenhliziyo, isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2, izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza, i-osteoporosis, i-sclerosis kanye nama-gallstones amaningi bekuzoba yinto encane kakhulu kulokhu kudla.
"Ukube amadela abenezindonga zengilazi, wonke umuntu ubezodla imifino kuphela."
Paul McCartney
Umhlaba omusha omuhle
Kepha sifika kanjani lapho? Ukuvinjelwa kombuso ngokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yezilwane akuceli umbuzo. Kakhulu amandla embonini yokudla, kukhulu kakhulu ukwesaba ukulahleka kwemisebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvinjelwa kuzokwakha ngokushesha imakethe emnyama yezinhlanzi, inyama, amaqanda noshizi.
Ihamba kancane. Futhi kuqala ngezingane. "Ukudla okunempilo" empeleni kufanele kube yisihloko esiyisibopho futhi sibe nenani elifanayo ne-mathematics ne-physics. UPaul McCartney uqambe ibinzana elithi, "Uma izindlu zokuhlinza bezinezindonga ezenziwe ngengilazi, bonke bekungaba imifino." Uma bekucabanga lokhu, izingane kufanele zithathe uhambo lwasesikoleni ziye ezindlini zokuhlatshwa, empeleni zihambisana nengqondo kuphela. Ngoba lapho bebona ukuthi izilwane zibulawa kanjani, banganquma ngempela ukuthi bafuna ngempela ukudla izilwane.
Izifo ezihlobene nokudla zibhekele ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye kokuthathu kokushona kwabantu eNtshonalanga. Empeleni, uMnyango Wezempilo waseFederal kufanele uqale umkhankaso obanzi wokukhangisa ngokudla okunomsoco we-vegan. Ngale ndlela, ingxenye enkulu yama-euro angaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyishumi nanye ezindlekweni zokunakekelwa kwezempilo e-Austria ingagcinwa.
“Angicabangi ukuthi kulungile ukwahlulela abantu ngalokho abakudlayo. Amaphesenti we-52 wabantu e-Austria azama ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwenyama yabo. Vele, lokho kuyangijabulisa ngoba yinhle imvelo nenhlala-kahle yezilwane. "
UFelix Hnat, Vegan Society Austria, ekuhambeni kweVegan
AbaseNtshonalanga bafuna lokho okudla emhlabeni
Ukusetshenziswa kwenyama kusakhula. Hhayi eYurophu noma eNyakatho Melika, lapho izinza khona ngezinga eliphakeme kakhulu, kepha emazweni asathuthuka, ikakhulukazi e-Asia, i-steaks kanye nama-burger kuyindlela yokuphila ebonakala ifiseleka kakhulu kubantu abaningi. Abantu badinga ukukholwa ukuthi bashintshe indlela abadla ngayo ngeziphikiso nangezibonelo zabo. Felix Hnat, usihlalo we I-Vegan Society Austria ukuzama ukuba munye. Uthembela ezenzweni ezithandekayo nasempilweni eyisibonelo edlule. "Eminyakeni eyishumi nesishiyagalombili bengikujabulela kakhulu ukudla inyama. Futhi, abangane bami abaningi abakhulu kanye namalungu omndeni badla inyama. Angicabangi ukuthi kulungile ukwahlulela abantu ngalokho abakudlayo. Amaphesenti we-52 wabantu e-Austria azama ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwenyama yabo. Vele, lokho kuyangijabulisa ngoba yinhle imvelo nenhlala-kahle yezilwane. "
Umkhuba wezomnotho waseVegan
Futhi ezinye izinkampani ezinkulu zigxumela ekuhambeni kwe-vegan kanye nasempilweni yezilwane. Isibonelo, inkampani yezimpahla zabathengi i-Unilever imemezele ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba ukuthi iya ngokuya ifuna ezinye izindlela zamaqanda ze-vegan. Ukuthuthukiswa kokutholwa kwangaphambi kweqanda kufuna ukusekela inkampani yaseBrithani-Dutch ngokwamukelwa kwayo. Uma i-Unilever isho njalo, akudingeki ukuthi ibheke kude ezinye izindlela zamakhambi amaqanda enkukhu. E-Kufstein, i-MyEy inendlunkulu yayo, ekhiqiza umkhiqizo okuthiwa ungamakhambi wamakhambi enkukhu amaqanda enkukhu. Umkhiqizo we-vegan ikakhulukazi uqukethe isitashi sommbila, amazambane kanye ne-protein ye-pea, kanye nefulawa ye-lupine. Ihlinzekwa ngamathini kagamu we-200 we-9,90 Euro. Ibhokisi kufanele lihambisane namaqanda we-24. Ngakho-ke, okulingana ne-powder kubiza kancane ngaphezu kwamasenti we-41 ngeqanda ngalinye - kubiza kakhulu ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni kwezimboni. Kepha ngalo mkhiqizo izigidi zezinja zenkukhu zingasindiswa.
Kusukela ngoJuni, abakwaStarbucks bebelokhu beqhakambisa inyama-behlazisa, amakhasimende we-vegan ngokunikezwa okukhethekile: iCiabatta eyi-vegan enokhilimu we-avocado. Futhi nabakwaMcDonald's bazijwayeza lo mkhuba futhi wavula indawo yokudlela yabo yokuqala yemifino eParis ngo-2011. Uma abantu abaningi eNtshonalanga bephendukela kwezinye izindlela ze-vegan, lo mkhuba ngelinye ilanga nawo ungazungeza umhlaba.
Photo / Video: Ugogo.
