UJulia Gruber
akuveza World Health Organization (WHO) basasebenzisa cishe amaphesenti we-80 wabantu bomhlaba ekunakekelweni kwabo okuyisisekelo kwezokwelapha emuva ezitshalweni. Lokhu kuyatholakala esifundeni futhi kucutshungulwa ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu wezobuchwepheshe ngolwazi lwendabuko lwamakhambi emvelo.
Okuthakazelisayo: Hhayi abantu kuphela, izilwane nazo zisebenzisa amakhambi emvelo ekulweni nezifo ezahlukahlukene. Izimfene zisonga amashidi athile zibe “iphilisi” ukuze zisuse izimuncagazi zamathumbu ezicasulayo. Izindlovu zasehlathini zaseCentral African Republic zidla njalo amaminerali obumba, okuthi - afana nethebhulethi yamalahle - azisize zikhiphe ubuthi. Izinja namakati, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zisebenzisa utshani njengesikhuthazo. Ama-orangutan aseBorneo agcoba unamathisele amaqabunga ezandleni zawo. Inhloso yabo mhlawumbe iyafana naleyo yabantu esifundeni: ukunciphisa izinhlungu zabo ezihlangene.
Amakhambi wemvelo: ulwazi lweminyaka eyi-mile
Umuthi we-Folk ungenye yezimpumelelo ezinkulu kakhulu zesiko lomuntu. Kwenziwa kuwo wonke amazwekazi futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokufana. Eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule, kwahlangana ndawonye ulwazi olunzulu, njengoba kungaqondwa ngesisekelo se-Indian Ayurveda noma i-Traditional Chinese Medicine TCM. Njengomunye wemithombo yakudala ebhaliwe yesayensi yezokwelapha uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi incwadi ethi Chen Nong Ben Cao Jing, okuyiyo eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-Chinese Emperor Shennong (cishe nge-2800 BC). Ibhala izitshalo ze-365 ngezakhiwo zazo ezithile zokuphulukisa. Kepha umuthi wamakhambi ubuyela emuva kakhulu kunokuba imithombo ebhaliwe ingafakazela lokho. Kokuhlala kwe-Mehrgarh ePakistan yanamuhla, kutholakala amazinyo lapho "abelungu bamazinyo" abasebenza ngamatshe sebevele bathole i-7.000 - 6.000 v. Chr. I-Chr. Ukwelashwa ngemifino yemifino kufanele ngabe kwenziwa. Ukuhlaziywa kwenhlabathi ngamathuna weminyaka eyi-60.000 e-Iraqi Kurdistan kukhombisa ukuthi amaNeanderthals aseshonile abhede emibhedeni yamakhambi emithi akhethiwe (e-yarrow, flakes, njll).
"Imvelo ayinakufundiswa ngumuntu, uhlala eyazi into eyiyo."
Ama-Hippocrates (460 kuya ku-370 BC) amakhambi wemvelo
Ngokwesiko lethu, ikakhulukazi amaGrikhi akhipha odokotela abadumile be-herbalist, namuhla okuyiyo namanje inkulumo. KuHippocrates kuza lesi sigwebo: "Imvelo ayinakufundiswa yinoma ngubani, uhlala eyazi into eyiyo." Ngisho nanamuhla, lowo obizwa nge-Aesculapius (Aesculap = unkulunkulu waseGrisi wezokwelapha) usebenza njengophawu kodokotela bethu nosokhemisi. AmaGrikhi asendulo kamuva aphefumulelwa yizibhedlela zezindela ezingamaKristu, izingadi zazo zigcwele amakhambi okwelapha amakha. Kuyiqiniso futhi bekukhona nengcebo yokuhlangenwe nakho eYurophu ngaphandle kwesonto: abasebenza ngamakhambi, abasiki bezimpande nababelethisi. Ikhono labo, nokho, lalibhekwa kakhulu njengomncintiswano. Esikhathini sobumnyama sokushiswa kwabathakathi, kube nesehlukaniso esibi emgqeni wemithi yabomdabu baseYurophu nezindlela zemvelo.
Tshala umuthi namuhla
Ngokuqala kwenkathi yezimboni kanye nemashi yokunqoba yesayensi, umuthi wezitshalo zendabuko kanjalo namakhambi emvelo eYurophu ekugcineni aphulukana namandla abo. Ukusebenza ngempumelelo manje kwakuyinto engalinganiswa elabhorethri. Kwaqala ngezindlela zamakhemikhali ukwahlukanisa izithako ezisebenzayo ezizimele ezitshalweni kanye nokuphindaphinda okwenziwe. Amalungiselelo aqediwe ahleliwe aqala ukuthandwa futhi anqoba izimakethe zase-Europe nase-USA. Imithi elwa namagciwane, imijovo yokugoma, i-chemotherapy nezinto ezenziwe ngofuzo zazisetshenziswa njengezikhali ezintsha zokulwa nezifo zazo zonke izinhlobo. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwenziwa izinkampani zemithi ezisebenza emhlabeni wonke ezinezigidigidi ekuthengisweni konyaka.
Le ntuthuko ibangela ukuqaqanjelwa yisisu namuhla. Odokotela abahlukumezekile nezintatheli bakhomba ithonya elikhulu imboni yezemithi enalo ezindaweni ezibalulekile zomphakathi: imfundo yezokwelapha, ucwaningo, umthetho kanye nemibono yomphakathi. Yebo, ukuzimela kwesayensi kubonakala kusengozini. Ngokusho kwesazi senkantolo uDkt. UJohn Abramson manje uxhasa amaphesenti ama-85 azo zonke izivivinyo zemitholampilo yezinkampani, futhi ezifundweni ezinethonya elikhulu, ngisho namaphesenti we-97.
Ibhizinisi elinalesi sifo selisizuzise kakhulu. Phambilini, udokotela waseChina bekufanele akhokhelwe kuphela uma isiguli sihlala siphilile. Uma egula yize elashwa, udokotela kwakufanele akhokhe izindleko. Emphakathini wethu kuphambene okuyiqiniso: lapho ukwelashwa kanye nemithi ethengiswa kakhulu, kuphakama umkhiqizo ojwayelekile wasekhaya. Futhi lapho izinkampani eziningi zithola inzuzo. "Yini letha udokotela ngesinkwa sakhe? a) impilo, b) ukufa. Ngakho-ke, udokotela, ukuthi uyaphila, usigcina phakathi kokungabaza. (I-Eugen Roth)
"Konke kunobuthi; kodwa umthamo uyawenza, noma ngabe into iwubuthi noma cha. "
I-Paracelsus (1493 to 1541) amakhambi wemvelo
Imikhankaso emibi yomkhakha wezemithi
Ukuze wakhe isikhala esithe xaxa semikhiqizo yakho ekhawuntareni yokuthengisa, imboni yezemithi iphindaphinde amakhambi emvelo ngokukhanya okungabazekayo eminyakeni yamuva. Ngale njongo, izithako ezizimele zodwa kufakazelwe ukuthi ziyingozi. Lokhu kwenzeka nge-coltsfoot, ikhambi lasendulo lemvelo lokukhwehlela. IColtsfoot iqukethe iminonjana yama-pyrrolizidine alkaloids, amaningi alimaza isibindi. Ngo-1988 i-German Federal Health Office yakhipha imvume yokwelashwa okungaphezu kuka-2.500 XNUMX ngalesi sithako. Kwabangelwa ukushona kwengane esanda kuzalwa eyayiphuzwa ngunina itiye le-coltsfoot ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngokubheka emuva, nokho, kwavela ukuthi umama wayengumlutha wezidakamizwa. Ubungozi be-coltsfoot kwakumele bufakazelwe nangokuhlolwa kwezilwane: amagundane afakwa ngenkani inani elikhulu lemifino. Ngemuva kwezinyanga, njengoba bekulindelekile, bagcina sebenezicubu zesibindi. Kepha ukuqonda kuyazi ukuthi noma iyiphi into iyingozi uma ifakwa ngokweqile. Noma ngabe ushokoledi, utshwala, ukudla okulungiselelwe noma ikhofi. Njengekhambi lemvelo, abelaphi bezokwelapha amakhambi bake banikeze itiye le-coltsfoot njengekhambi (ubuningi bamasonto amane). Njengoba uParacelsus asho: “Yonke into inobuthi; Umthamo uwodwa unquma ukuthi okuthile kunoshevu noma cha. ”Amaqhinga okwethusa maqondana namakhambi emvelo amadala asebenza kakhulu kwezentengiso. Imikhiqizo yomkhakha wezemithi ibonakala iphephe kakhulu kunalokho imvelo engakunikeza.
Okunye okudonswayo ukuzama ukubhaliswa kwamalungelo obunikazi emithini yakudala yendabuko, okusho ukuthi amakhambi asendlini angahle athengiswe kuphela yinkampani ethile. Njengokwehlukahluka kwembewu, kuphakama umbuzo wokuthi liyini ifa elingabonakali lomuntu lonke. Isibonelo salokhu yinzalo emnyama, lapho iqembu leNestlé lifune ukubhalisa amalungelo obunikazi mayelana nokungezwani kokudla kusukela nge2010. Kodwa-ke iqiniso iqiniso ukuthi ikhumini elimnyama belaziwa njengekhambi lemvelo lezinkinga zokugaya ukudla eMpumalanga yeminyaka eyizinkulungwane.
Okuhlekisayo: Naphezu kokusetshenziswa okukhulu kwezidakamizwa ezintsha zamakhemikhali, abantu ababonakali bengcono. Dr. UDavid P. Phillips waseNyuvesi yaseCalifornia / San Diego useveze ukuthi isibalo sokufa kwe-50 sivela emiphumeleni emibi noma ekusebenzisaneni nezidakamizwa e-US eminyakeni engu-21 (ukusuka ku-1983 kuya ku-2004) kungaphezulu kwephesenti le-360, ngokusho kwezitifiketi zokufa ze-350 million uvukile. Izindleko zomnotho zokwelashwa zokusabela izidakamizwa ezingezinhle zilinganiselwa ku-400 kuya kwizigidi ezingama-XNUMX zama-euro ngonyaka eJalimane.
Akumangalisi ukuthi ikhwelo lamakhambi emvelo liya ngokuqina. Sebastian Kneipp, Pastor Weidinger, Maria Treben, uDkt. UBach nabanye abaningi bazamile emashumini eminyaka adlule ukuqala ukuphikisana nokuqinisa ukuzethemba kumakhambi emvelo futhi. Kunezithiyo ezimbalwa okufanele zinqotshwe: Yize eminye imithi yamakhambi inesiko elide lokukhombisa ukusebenza kwayo, ubufakazi obudingwa ngumthetho kwesinye isikhathi kunzima ukubunikeza elabhorethri.
Izindlela Zokwemvelo: Ngaphezu kwezakhi ngazinye
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ezitshalweni noma kumakhambi emvelo i-cocktail yonke yezithako inesibopho somphumela wokuphulukisa hhayi into eyodwa. Kodwa-ke, uchungechunge oluningi locwaningo lwesayensi lubhekisa kuzithako ezizimele. Kungakho kuvela izimo ezinelukuluku lokuthi izitshalo zokwelapha ezindala nezidumile (njenge-echinacea, i-mistletoe noma i-ginseng) zithathwa njengezinomthelela omncane wokwelapha ngamakhomishini afanele. Amanye amakhambi emvelo aze abhalwe ukuthi awasebenzi.
Isizathu salokhu ukuthi amakhambi amaningi emvelo asebenza esakhiweni esivamile kanye ne- "adaptogenic" (adaptation adaptation). Uzizwa engcono ngandlela thile - ngaphandle komqondo wokuphila ophakeme kungavezwa ngamanani. Emithini yokwelapha yamakhambi, isitshalo sibonakala sisonke, ngesamba sezithako zazo, ezivame ukusekela futhi zisebenzisane. Umuthi othile onolaka uphekelwa ngomunye, ngakho-ke kubekezelelwa kangcono umzimba. Imvamisa izakhi zemvelo zama-molecule ziyafana kakhulu nama-hormone nama-enzymes womzimba uqobo. Ngakho-ke “bangagxumagxuma” kalula uma kukhona into engekho emzimbeni. Uma kusetshenziswa izitshalo zokwelapha ngokuphelele, esikhundleni sezithako ezisebenza zodwa, lokhu kuvame ukuphulukisa okuqhubekayo emzimbeni (ngokungahambisani nokucindezelwa kwesibonakaliso okumsulwa).
Kepha izitshalo noma amakhambi emvelo ayizinto zemvelo, okuqukethwe kwazo okufakwayo okuguquguqukayo kuyashintshashintsha ngokwemvelo ngokuya ngezimo zokukhula, ukuqhutshekiswa phambili, njll. Ngakho-ke, akulula ukukala. Ikakhulu hhayi ekunakekelweni kwezokwelapha okungaziwa, lapho udokotela engazazi ngempela iziguli zakhe noma engakwazi ukukhokhela isikhathi esincane somuntu ngamunye.
Ekufuneni izithako ezintsha ezisebenzayo, izinkulungwane zamasampuli zihanjiswa ngenqubo yokuhlola ezenzakalelayo ngokuphelele. Kukhona ithemba lokuthi lesi sitshalo sizotholakala maphakathi nehlathi lemvula noma ogwadule, lapho ikhambi elikhulu lengculazi noma lomdlavuza lingakhiqizwa khona. Kepha amasampula amaningi aselabhorethri awagcini lokho akuthembisile ezweni lakubo. Umuntu uyazibuza: Ngabe abelaphi bendabuko bazincenge bona kuphela ngemiphumela yokwelashwa ngamakhambi emvelo ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane? Umbono wezwe omncane wokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo awuboni amazinga akhona okuphila, emandleni omoya wezitshalo nokwazi kwabantu.
Photo / Video: Ugogo.