UStefan Tesch
Ukugembula, amandla enuzi, izikhali, ugwayi kanye nonjiniyela ngofuzo kumane nje kuyizingcucu ezivela kuhlu lwezinto zokukhishwa i-Wiener Privatbank USchelhammer noSchattera kunqume ukuthi kutshalwe imali ngokuzinzileyo. Izinkampani ezisebenza kulezi zindawo ngeke zithole indawo ezimalini zokuziphatha zaleli bhange. Ngokunjalo, izifundazwe ziwela uhla lwegridi, lapho ukuhlukunyezwa kwamalungelo abantu, ukuhlukunyezwa kwabantwana kanye nesigwebo sentambo kungukuhleleka kosuku noma ukuthokozela inkululeko yabezindaba.
Ibhange elihlobene nesonto lingenye yamaphayona emkhakheni wokutshalwa kwemali okusimeme. "Lapho siqala ukubeka imigomo yokuziphatha kwezimali eminyakeni engu-15 edlule, sahlekwa," kukhumbula uGeorg Lemmerer, iNhloko Yezokusimama. Kodwa-ke, unyaka wenkinga ka-2008 uholele abatshalizimali ukuthi baphinde bacabange futhi abaningi babona ukuthi isimilo kanye nokusimama akuyona inhlekisa yokukhangisa. "Ukutshala imali ngokuqhubekayo ezinkampanini kugwema izingozi," kuchaza uLimmerer. Isibonelo, ukuqothuka kweGrisi kwasindiswa, ngoba izibopho zikahulumeni waseGellenic azikho ngenxa yesabelomali sezingalo eziphakeme ngokweqile. Amaphepha aqhamuka enkampanini kawoyela iBP nawo ayinkinga. "Uma izinkampani zihlale zephula imithetho yezemvelo, kuyisikhathi nje ngaphambi kokuba zibe nomthelela omubi empumelelweni yezomnotho," kuchaza uLimmerer. Yize amanani entengo yezimali zokuziphatha zikaSchelhammer ehla ngesikhathi senkinga, bathola ngokushesha okukhulu kunokujwayelekile.
AMathiphu wokutshala imali esimeme:
Ukusimama vs. isivuno
Ukuthi imali eqhubekayo ivame ukubuyisa imali ephakeme noma ephansi kune- "evamile" ayinakuphendulwa ngesilinganiso esiphansi. Kepha kuyacaca ukuthi "ukutshala imali ngokuzinzileyo akudingeki kube semalini yokubuya," kusho uLemmerer. Ukubheka kwesikhwama sezimilo "i-3", equkethe amaphesenti ama-80 wezibopho namaphesenti we-20 ezilinganisweni, kukhombisa ukuthi selokhu kwethulwa ngonyaka we-1991, intengo yayo inyuke ngokwesilinganiso ngamaphesenti ayi-4,3 ngonyaka. Sekukonke, uSchelhammer noSchattera baphatha imali eyisithupha yokuziphatha enemibono ehlukene ngemuva kwayo.
Uhla lwemikhiqizo yezimali oluzinzile luyakhula e-Austria kanye nasemazweni aphesheya. Kodwa-ke, ukuhunyushwa komqondo wokuqina phakathi kwezikhungo kuyehluka kakhulu. Isibonelo, izimali eziningi ezinesihloko esisodwa se-eco-portfolio zithathwa njengezinzileyo. Isiqondisi sinikezwa nguMnyango Wezemvelo ne-Austrian Ecolabel for Sustainable Products Products. Izimali eziyithwele ziyisithiyo samandla enuzi, izikhali, ubunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo kanye nokwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu. Uhlu lungatholwa ngaphansi www.umweltzeichen.at.
I-Microcredit njengensiza yokuthuthukisa
Ukuze utshale imali ngendlela efanele, amabhange endabuko awadingeki. Enye yezinto eziningi ezahlukahlukene yimali encane, ukunikezwa kwamakhredithi amancane kubantu ababencishwe amathuba emphakathini emazweni asathuthuka nasafufusa. Banikezwa yizikhungo ezisebenza ngemali encane yakuleli (MFIs) ezenzelwe abantu abangabhange, abantu abebengeke bathole noma yiziphi izimali mboleko emabhange ajwayelekile. Izizathu zalokhu kungaba umthamo ophansi kakhulu emabhange noma ukungafundi kwamakhasimende
"Ukubolekwa imali okuncane kusiza abantu ngokwezezimali ukuthi bazimele bodwa futhi bangaziqhubekisi izingxenyana zabashayeli bezimali ababolekayo noma ubugebengu," kuchaza uHelmut Berg, inhloko yabaphathi Igatsha lase-Austria lase-Oikocredit, Yasungulwa eNetherlands, le 1975 Investment Cooperative namuhla isebenza emazweni we-71. Akuzibolekisi nge-microcredit, kepha ihlinzeka ngemali enkulu echibini lama-MFIs asendaweni (600 emazweni we-70 emhlabeni jikelele). Ngokwenza lokhu, i-Oikocredit isebenza kuphela ngalawo ma-MFIs anikeza ababolekisi babo ukuqeqeshwa okwanele kwezimali zabo zebhizinisi. "Bahlangana nabathengi babo ngemigomo elinganayo futhi babaphathe njengabalingani bebhizinisi," kusho uBerg. Inani elijwayelekile lesikweletu e-Asia naseNingizimu Melika liphakathi kwe-100 ne-500 Euro ngokweminyaka ephakathi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha nonyaka owodwa. Imalimboleko enjalo ihlala yanele, ukuze kuthi ngomshini wokuthenga ungathenga umshini omusha wokuthunga futhi ngaleyo ndlela uthola umthombo wesikhathi eside weholo.
Ukutshala Okuzinzile: Bamba iqhaza kwi-Microfinance
Njengomuntu ozimele ungakwazi Oikocredit Ukutshala imali ngokuzinzileyo kusuka ku-200 Euro ngesimo sezitifiketi zokubambisana ezisebenzayo ngaphandle kwenkathi yokubopha. Ngokuya empumelelweni yebhizinisi, kuze kube ngamaphesenti amabili ezokwabiwa kusatshalaliswa minyaka yonke, okutholakale eminyakeni yamuva. Azikho izimali zokuthenga nezokuthengisa futhi akukho mali yokubamba. Kodwa-ke, inkampani icela imali yobulungu bokuzithandela kwi-20 Euro ukubhekelela izindleko zokuphazamisa. Kuleli lizwe, cishe abantu be-5.200 njengamanje batshala imali ngokuzinzile ngokwesilinganiso se-18.000 Euro lilinye. Isamba, lokhu kwenza imali eyodwa yokutshala imali yezigidi ze-93, eyodwa ibala wonke amagatsha Oikocredit Ngokubambisana, nisondela esigidini. Cishe ingxenye yesilinganiso semali yokutshala i-Oikocredit iya eLatin America, ikota iya e-Asia, futhi ihlukane ne-Afrika neCentral neMpumalanga Yurophu. Amazwe anesamba esikhulu kunazo zonke sezimali: i-India (ezungeze isigidi se-95), iCambodia (izigidi ze-65) neBolivia (60 million).
Futhi kuthiwani ngengozi? "Izinga lokuzenzakalelayo lemalimboleko licishe lisephesenti. Inzuzo yethu ukuhlukahluka kwemali yokutshalwa kwezimali, ”kusho uBerg. Kodwa-ke, njengakweminye imikhiqizo yezezimali, inhlokodolobha yabatshalizimali ayikhonjelwa kunoma yimuphi umshuwalense wediphozithi, futhi, ngokweqiniso, kungenzeka ngokuphelele okuzenzakalelayo. Kodwa-ke, akekho otshala imali oselahle imali e-Oikocredit.
Ukutshala imali ngokuqhubekayo: amasheya esitshalini sikagesi
Izitshalo zamandla kagesi, iningi lezitshalo zamandla elanga, zidume kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Abatshalizimali bathenga amaphaneli elanga ngamunye wesakhiwo samandla bese awaqasha ku-opharetha. Lokhu kukhiqiza ugesi futhi kukhokha izabelo zonyaka kumnikazi wepaneli. I-Sale-And-Lease-Back yigama lomdlalo futhi yathuthukiswa ngokushesha yiWien Energie ene-24 izitshalo zamandla, kufaka phakathi i-22 solar kanye nenjini ezimbili zomoya, endaweni yaseGreater Vienna. Kuze kube manje, abanye abatshalizimali be6.000 abanesamba sama-27 euros ayisigidi. "Amandla emakethe otshalomali lwe-PV asephakeme kakhulu, kepha inani lenzalo lincike kakhulu kwizibonelelo zikahulumeni zikagesi oluhlaza," kusho uGünter Grabner, onguMqondisi Ophethe weKärntner Isizinda sethu samandla Naturstrom GmbH, Umsebenzi we-20 izitshalo zamandla elanga e-Austria. Njengamanje, uxhaso (i-vulgo feed-in tariff) liku-8,24 cents ngehora lehora, i-2012 19 Cent yayingaphezulu kokuphindwe kabili kunalokho. Izimali ezitshaliwe kulokho kutshalwa kwezimali zingancipha esikhathini eside. Njengomthetho, abasebenza eziteshini zamandla banikeza amanani enzalo anamisiwe ngokwemibandela engapheli.
"Isikhungo sethu samandla" siqinisekisa ukuthi silungisiwe ngamaphesenti amathathu futhi iminyango yabatshalizimali ivuliwe okwamanje, ngoba uGünter Grabner wakha indawo yokuphehla amandla ezakhamuzi eziyi-12.000 ophahleni lwepaki yebhizinisi e-Wernersdorf, eStyria. Abantu abazimele kuphela abakwazi ukuthenga phakathi kwephaneli elilodwa nama-48 ngentengo yama-euro angu-500 lilinye - inani eliphakeme lama-euro angu-24.000 elivunyelwe njengabatshalizimali. "Ngokwesilinganiso, eyodwa ibamba amaphaneli angama-20," kubika uGrabner. Asikho isikhathi esibophezelayo, noma kunjalo, uma amaphaneli ethengiswa phakathi neminyaka emihlanu yokuqala, izindleko zama-euro angu-50 zenziwa.
Ukubamba iqhaza kweWindkraft Simonsfeld AG, osebenza ngamapulazi omoya ayishumi e-Austria neyodwa eBulgaria, usebenza ngendlela ehlukile. Abatshalizimali bangabamba iqhaza lapho ngamasheya angekho ohlwini, athengiswa ngqo kuphela phakathi kwabaninimasheya.
Ukunakwa: Ukubamba iqhaza kwezindawo zokuphehla amandla ezakhamizi akubikho ngaphansi kwentela yemali eyizuzayo futhi amafomu kumele akhokhiswe intela ngokuhlukile kokuxolelwa kwe-730 Euro ngonyaka.
Ukutshala imali ngendlela esimeme: enye indlela yokutshala imali kwezixuku
I-2013 Wolfgang Deutschmann isivele yazi ukuthi iCrowdinvesting njengamanje ivuselela imakethe enkulu yemakethe futhi yasungula iplatinvesting yesikhulumi nomlingani wayo uPeter Gaber I-Green Rocket, Ibheka kuphela imibono yebhizinisi eqhubekayo. Isibonelo sakamuva i-bio yezithelo ye-bio, esanda kukhipha i-150.000 Euro esixukwini. "Ngokungafani namanye amapulatifomu, sikhetha ngokwemithetho eqinile," kusho u-Deutschmann. Amacebo webhizinisi akudingeki ukuthi aqhamuke, kufanele akhohlwe. "Ukuza kithi nje ngombono kusesekuseni kakhulu," kusho umsunguli. Umphumela wale nqubomgomo enzima: Kusuka kumaphrojekthi we-30, amabili kuphela engaxhaswanga ngempumelelo yisixuku.
Ukubuyiselwa kwabatshalizimali kwenziwa ngezinto ezimbili: Okokuqala, isabelo senzuzo yonyaka yenkampani. Okwesibili, kusuka ekukhuleni kwenani lebhizinisi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kubangelwa kuphela kwethemu, ngokuvamile emva kweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili kuya kweyishumi. Labo abashiya phansi bangenza njalo, kepha bazolahlekelwa yilokhu, imvamisa isabelo esikhulu kunazo zonke sekubuyiselwe inani eliphelele. Endabeni yokuthengiswa kwenkampani (Ukuphuma), umuntu uhlanganyela kuma-aliquot kunani lokuthengisa. Ezinye izinkampani zisanikeza abatshalizimali inani lenzalo elingaguquki lonyaka phakathi kwamaphesenti amathathu nantathu njengeswidi.
Ukutshala imali kuphela enkampanini kuyingozi kakhulu, ngoba ukulahlekelwa ngokuphelele kokutshala kwakhe imali kungenzeka. "Ngakho-ke, ukusakazwa cishe kwabayishumi kufanelekile. Ngemuva kwalokho ukubuya kwamaphesenti ayishumi kuya ku-15 amaphesenti kungenzeka, ”kusho u-Deutschmann. Ngokwesilinganiso, abatshalizimali babamba iqhaza kumaphrojekthi amabili kuya kwamathathu nge-1.000 Euro lilinye
Ukutshala Ngokuzinzile - Ukuthuthukiswa Kwemakethe
E-Austria, eGermany naseSwitzerland, umthamo wokutshala imali esimeme ukhuphuke amahlandla ayisihlanu ukusuka ku-52 uye kwi-257 billion eminyakeni emihlanu edlule. Lokhu kukhonjiswe Umbiko Wemakethe weForamu Nachhaltige Geldanlagen (FNG). E-Austria, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqhubekayo kwe-2015 kukhule ngamaphesenti we-14 ngonyaka owedlule kwaba ama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane. Cishe ikota eyodwa ifakwa kubantu abazimele, okusele kubatshalizimali bezikhungo, njengezimali zempesheni.
"Kuwuphawu oluhle lokuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali okuzinzile eJalimane kusebenzile kakhulu emakethe jikelele," kusho uWolfgang Pinner, inhloko ye-FNG Austria. "Lokhu kukhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi lokhu kungaphezu komkhuba."
Photo / Video: Ugogo.
