Umholo Oyisisekelo Ongenamibandela - Inkululeko entsha Yomuntu?

Yini ongayenza uma uthola i-1.000 Euro ngenyanga ngaphandle kokuyisebenzela? "Ngingabhala incwadi," kusho isalukazi esisetafuleni. "Ukusebenza kancane," kusho le ndoda ehleli eceleni kwakhe. Owesifazane osemusha egqoke i-headcarf wayezonga ukuze aqale ibhizinisi lakhe. Abanye bebezohamba kakhulu, abanye bengashintshi lutho empilweni. Ngalobu busuku, abantu be40 bazozivivinya emhlanganweni wokucobelela e-Katolika Social Academy yase-Austria. Baxoxa ngamaqembu ukuthi impilo izoguquka kanjani ne-Unconditional Basic Income (BGE).
Kepha iyini ngempela le BHAMU? Zonke izakhamizi ezindala zithola inani elilinganayo lemali njalo ngenyanga kuhulumeni, noma ngabe ungumholo ophambili, umuntu ongasebenzi noma umlutha wezidakamizwa. Akukhonjelwa kunoma yiziphi izimo. Ngokuya ngemodeli, i-BGE ibala cishe i-1.100 kuya ku-1.200 Euro, okungaphezu kwengxenye yemali ephakathi ye-2.100 njengamanje. Uma ufuna, ungaya emsebenzini, kepha akudingeki. Umbono awuboni i-BGE njengento ehlukile ohlelweni lwethu lokutholwa njengamanje, kodwa njengokungezwa. Kwabasakhulayo, IBANDLA elincishisiwe lesizungeze i-800 Euro lizosebenza. Ukubuyisa, izinkokhelo zokudlulisela, ezinjengezinzuzo zokungasebenzi, izinzuzo zezingane kanye nomholo omncane, awudingekayo.

Ukusebenza kokuzithemba

Uma uphila ngokwezomnotho, ungasondelana neBGE ngaphandle kokuthola imali. Ikakhulu uma kunabamukeli abaningana beBGE endlini. Akuyona yini leyo ilayisense lokugwaza? "Cha," kusho isazi sezengqondo somsebenzi uJohann Beran, "ngoba sithola ukuzethemba kwethu ekusebenzeni. Futhi wonke umuntu ulwela ukuzethemba okukhulu. "
Ngakho-ke IBANDLA alizukuselula zonke ezine usuku lonke, kepha yenza lokho lithanda ukukwenza. Futhi lokho kufaka phakathi ukusebenza futhi. "Ngokuvamile, abantu bebezosebenza noma kunjalo," kusho uBeran. Ngakolunye uhlangothi ukuthola imali eyengeziwe, ngakolunye uhlangothi ukuthola ukwaneliseka ngokusebenza nangokwakheka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, babezoba nobuciko futhi babe nenhlalo, futhi baphile ngezinto abazithandayo. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukuthuthuka komuntu siqu, amasiko futhi kuvuse nemibono emisha. Ngokubuka kwezomnotho, leli yindawo yokuzalanisa yokwenza izinto ezintsha. "Emphakathini wethu, okwamanje akuvunyelwe ukuthi uzame okuthile futhi mhlawumbe wehluleke. Lokhu kubukeka kuyisiwula ku-CV ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, "kugxeka uBeran. Ukuhlanjululwa kokuhamba phambili kubalulekile, ngakho-ke akukho okusalayo kwabalungisi bezinwele nabakhenikhi phakathi kwabafundi.
Okuningi kungashintsha kwezenhlalo futhi: "Uma abantu bezizwa ngcono ngokwabo ngesikhathi esikhululekile, futhi babona abanye abantu kakhulu," kufingqa uBeran. Ukuzibophezela okwengeziwe ekuzinikeleni, emaqenjini nasikhathi esithe xaxa somndeni kungaba yimiphumela. Iqiniso ukuthi abantu bazozibona bazimisele kakhulu ngakho-ke abakwazi ukulawuleka. Okungajabuli inqubomgomo, noma kunjalo.
UBeran akakholelwa ukuthi i-BGE ikhiqiza ama-lazybones amaningi futhi athi: "Abantu abaziphonsa ohlelweni lwezenhlalo baphuze futhi bakhafuze usuku lonke seluvele lukhona." Noma kunjalo, ubuvila akufanele bube amademoni ngokuyisisekelo. "Asakhelwanga ukusebenza okuqhubekayo," kusho uBeran.

Noma ngezimo?

Engxoxweni ezungeze i-BGE, okunye ukwahlukahlukana kwemali etholwa uhulumeni ngezikhathi ezithile kuyasizakala: imali eyisisekelo enemibandela, efana namahora ambalwa omsebenzi owenziwe ngesonto. Umsebenzi owenziwayo awunandaba. Noma ngabe use-NGO, ekhaya lokuthatha umhlalaphansi, umsebenzi wesikhashana emkhakheni wangasese noma usebenza enkampanini yakho - konke kuvunyelwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kungasebenza njengokunciphisa izindleko zombuso, kwenze kube lula ukuxhasa imali etholwayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuvikela ubungozi be- "hammock social". Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunganikeza izisusa zemfundo yokuhlangabezana nesibopho somsebenzi endaweni yayo oyifunayo.
Imiphumela yalesi simodeli inzima nje ukubikezela njengasesimweni seBHAKA, ngoba isici somuntu asibikezeli ngokuphelele. Ngabe sithuthuka sibe ngabantu abangcono uma sinezibopho zomholo oyisisekelo noma senza ngaphandle kwawo? "Imali eyisisekelo enesibopho somsebenzi isho ukubeka abantu ngaphansi kwezinsolo ezijwayelekile, ukuba ngamavila", kusho udokotela wezengqondo uJohann Beran. Kunengqondo, ngokusho kukaBeran, ukwethula izinhlelo eziyimpoqo zokwakha ubuntu. Lokhu kufaka ukubhekela, imihlangano yokubonisana ukuthola ubuthakathaka namathalente kanye nokubonisana kwabaqambi benkampani. Lokho kunganikeza abanye "ukusunduza". "Ngeke ulindele ukuthi wonke umuntu azicabangele yena uqobo lapho enza imali eyisisekelo futhi ngaleyo ndlela enze inzuzo emphakathini," kusho uBeran. Izinhlelo ezinjengalezi bezizokhuthaza ugqozi lokuba nobuciko ngenxa yenkululeko yezimali.

Akunabungozi ukuba khona

Kungani sidinga UMBULELO? "Kungani sisebuphofu njengezwe elicebile," kusho uHelmo Pape, ummeli weBGE nomsunguli wenhlangano "iGeneration Grundeinkommen", enobunzima. "Ukuqinisekisa impilo yabo bonke abantu," kuqhubeka lowo owayengumgcini webhange lokutshala imali. Akekho umuntu okufanele enze omunye umsebenzi wamaholo ukuze abe khona nhlobo. Ingcindezi yobukhona izosuswa .. Le nkululeko yezezimali ibaluleke kakhulu kuPape ukuthi ufuna ukuqalisa i-2018 a referendum. Njengamanje uku-3.500 yabaxhasi be-100.000 ababalulekile.
"IBANDLA ligqugquzela abantu ukuthi basebenze ekuqonde hhayi emiholweni," kuchaza uPape. Ukuthi iholo ngokuvamile liyenyuka noma liwa alikwazi ukuphendulwa ngesilinganiso esiphansi. Ukubheka imininingwane kukhombisa ukuthi abantu banda kakhulu benza imisebenzi eqonda ngabo nokuthi bayakujabulela ukuwenza. Lokhu kufaka, ngokwesibonelo, ukunakekela izihlobo, ukukhulisa izingane, ukufaka isandla ekuvikeleni imvelo, ukulungisa izinto, ukuthuthukisa amasiko namasiko. Umholo kule misebenzi uzokwehla, kuya ngomshini wokuhanjiswa kanye nesidingo. Imisebenzi edumile njengommeli noma udokotela yenziwa ngabantu abayenza bekholelwa, hhayi imali.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kusho ukuthi imisebenzi engakhokhelwa futhi engafinyeleleki kangako, njengokuhlanza, ngeke isaba nabasebenzi abaningi, ngoba akekho umuntu okufanele agqoke ukuziphilisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umuntu ohlanza amathoyilethi uzokwamukelwa ngokuqinile emakethe yomsebenzi bese ethola ikhala legolide. Imholo yemisebenzi enjalo izonyuka.
Futhi kwenzekani uma kungasekho msebenzi wabasebenzi "womsebenzi ongcolile"? "Le misebenzi yenziwa i-digitization kanye ne-automation," kusho uPape, ekubona njengomshayeli wezinto ezintsha. "Kuthiwani ngamathoyilethi wokuzihlanza?"
U-Pape ubikezela njengeminye imiphumela yokuthi izinkampani ezixhaphazayo zizoshiya i-Austria ("Ngubani ofuna ukusebenza lapho vele?"). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa kuleli kungahle kube kushibhile, ngoba wonke amalungu entengo yenani, kusukela kumphathi kuya kumphakeli, asevele enayo imali futhi aphokophele imigomo ephansi yokuthengisa.
Njengasemakethe yezabasebenzi, kubukeka sengathi nakwezemfundo. "Abantu ngeke batadishe okubanika amathuba emisebenzi ahamba phambili, kodwa ukuthi yini abayithandayo kakhulu," kusho uPape. I-Audimax eseqisayo enoprofesa wemivubukulo evusa amadlingozi kungenzeka. Kuzoba bambalwa abakwaJus, BWL, kanye nabafundi bezokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, kunobungozi lapha kokuma, ngoba ingcindezi encane yokuthola imali ingaholela ekuthakazelweni okuncane kwezemfundo. Abagxeki bathi kuwuphawu entsheni ukuthi aludingeki.

Izimali ngentela ephakeme

Ngabe imali ye-BGE kufanele ivelaphi? Indlela enzima yokwenyusa intela yokuthengisa ngamaphesenti we-100, esikhundleni samaphesenti ayishumi edlule ne-20. Ummeli ophambili walokhu kuguquguquka okukhulu usomabhizinisi waseJalimane ongumsunguli we-drugstore chain dm, uGötz Werner, ophinde wafuna ukuthi kuqedwe yonke enye intela. Umsindo ulula, kepha awulungile. Ngoba inani eliphakeme le-VAT lifika kubo bonke abacebile nabampofu ngokufanayo.
Enye imodeli yezimali, i-NGO "Attac", ekhuthaza ukulingana kakhulu kwinqubomgomo yezomnotho. I-BGE ibiza cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ukuya kwengxenye yemali efuywayo
imikhiqizo, ie phakathi kwe-117 ne-175 billion euros. Iningi lizongena ngentela yemali ephezulu. Ngokuthola okuvela ku-zero kuya ku-5.000 euros okungaba ngamaphesenti ayishumi (okwamanje ngamaphesenti ama-zero) futhi ukusuka kumaphesenti we-29.000 55 (esikhundleni se-42 njengamanje). Phakathi, i-25 ukuya kumaphesenti angu-38 ayishintshi lutho ngokuqhathaniswa nemodeli yethu yamanje. Lokhu kuholela ekwabiweni kabusha phakathi kwabazuzi abahle nababi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu kuzofanele akhuphule intela yemali eyinzuzo, futhi wethule ifa nentela yokuthenga ngezezimali. Futhi uma kukhona okungekho, ekugcineni, kukhona nokukhuphuka kwentela yokuthengisa

Ukugxekwa: ukukhuthaza okuncane ukusebenza

Emuva emhlanganweni wokufundisa we-Katolika Wezenhlalo. Okwamanje, izinga lomsindo egumbini liphezulu, ngoba phakathi kwabahlanganyeli akuyona kuphela abameli. Izinkulumompikiswano ezincane, ezifudumele ngokushesha zanda. Nakhu okushiwo abagxeki: "Wonke umuntu kufanele ayenzele okuthile, uma ethola okuthile ebhodweni" noma "Lokho kusekela Owezahrer ngisho nangaphezulu."
I-BGE futhi ibona i-Economic Chamber ngokugxekile. Lapho, umuntu ulindele ukushoda kwezidingo zabasebenzi. "Abanye bathatha i-BGE njengesisusa sokusebenza, abanye baletha intela ephezulu kakhulu. Lokhu kuzosebenza kungabiza kakhulu, ngakho izinkampani ezifuywayo zizolahlekelwa ukuncintisana okukhulu, "kusho uRolf Gleißner, iPhini leNhloko yoMnyango Wezenqubomgomo Yezenhlalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-BGE ingaheha abokufika. "Lokho kuzonyusa izindleko zombuso," kusho uGleißner
Futhi e-Arbeiterkammer aweneme nge-BGE, ngoba kungukuchitha izindleko zobulungiswa. I-BGE ayihlukanisi phakathi kwabantu abadinga ukwesekelwa nalabo abangakudingi. "Ngakho-ke, amaqembu azophinde athole ukwesekwa ngubani, ngenxa yemali yabo engenayo kanye nesimo somnotho, ongadingi inzuzo eyengeziwe ohlelweni lobumbano," kusho uNorman Wagner ovela eMnyangweni Wezenqubomgomo Yezenhlalo.
Ngokungafani nohlelo lwethu lwamanje lokukhokha, okunemibandela, i-BGE izokwazisa wonke umuntu kahle. Lokhu akwenzi umona, njengoba kunjalo ngenzuzo yokungasebenzi kanye nokuvikelwa kwemali engenayo. Kodwa-ke, umbono we-BGE awunakwethulwa ubusuku bonke. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kungathatha izizukulwane ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ngathi ukuba sikujwayele futhi sibhekane nakho.

Izindlela Zokuhola Eziyisisekelo

Referendum eSwitzerland - ISwiss ibikhuluma nge-2016 ngokwesimo sereferensi ngokumelene neBGE yama-2.500 francs (azungeze i-2.300 Euro) ngenyanga. Amaphesenti we-78 aphikisile. Isizathu somqondo ongemuhle kufanele ngabe bekungabaza ngezimali. Uhulumeni ubuye wahlubuka ngokumelene neBED.

Izifundo ze-2.000 eFinland - Kusukela ekuqaleni kwe-2017, i-2.000 ekhethwe ngokungahleliwe, abakwaFin abangaqashiwe bathola i-BNG ye-560 Euro ngenyanga iminyaka emibili. UNdunankulu uJuha Sipilä ufuna ukukhuthaza abantu ukuthi bathole umsebenzi futhi basebenze kakhulu emkhakheni weholo eliphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphathwa kombuso kungonga imali ngoba uhlelo lwezenhlalo lwaseFinland luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

BGE ilotho - Inhlangano yaseBerlin "Imali yami eyisisekelo" iqoqa iminikelo yokubuyisa imali engenayo engenamibandela. Noma yinini lapho i-12.000 Euro ihlangana, izoqhutshwa kumuntu oyedwa. Kuze kube manje, abakwa85 bakujabulele lokhu.
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Photo / Video: Ugogo.