UStefan Tesch
I-Wheat ubhiya, i-sauerkraut, ushizi, i-salami ne-buttermilk. Kulokhu kudla, abasizi abancane, abangabonakali benze umsebenzi omuhle ukusithokozisa. Ama-bacterium akhethiwe we-lactic acid nama-acetic acid, ama-yeast nokubumba awenzi nje kuphela ukudla okuningi okuhlala isikhathi eside, kubuye kuqinise ukunambitheka kwawo.
Ukuvuselelwa kokudla ngokufakwa yi-Fermentation kumunye wemisebenzi eminingi yama-microorganisms. Ukubizwa kwakhe ukugcinwa kokuphila emhlabeni wethu. Ngamafuphi, ayikho impilo ngaphandle kwama-microorganisms.
Ngemuva kokufa kwezilwane, abantu nezitshalo, ama-microorganisms aqala ukubola into eyi-organic. Kusetshenziswe izandla zabantu, bahlinzeka ngaleli nqubo ekwelashweni kwendle nasezakhiweni zomquba.
Futhi nasemizimbeni yethu, amabhaktheriya nokunye okunjalo kusebenza ubusuku nemini. Phakathi kokunye, kubalulekile ukugcina ukugayeka kokudla nokulwa nabangenele kulwelwesi lwamafinyila. Ngoba abekho kuphela labo abasho okuhle ngathi.
Ama-microorganisms asebenzayo: umqondo ovela eJapan
Umqondo wokuthi "ubeke khaya" abasizi abangabonakali futhi ubusebenzise ngenhloso akuyona into entsha ngokuphelele. Kepha amalungiselelo wangaphambilini ahlala ekhawulelwe kwizicelo ngazinye. I-cocktail ephelele, ecishe isebenze emhlabeni jikelele yama-microorganisms athuthukiswe okokuqala eminyakeni ye-80 ezinye izinkampani zaseJapan.
Ngokuzenzakalelayo, laba bathola imiphumela ekhuthaza ukukhula kanye nokuphulukisa kwama-microorganices aphezulu kakhulu emakhabe. Ukuhlola okwalandela kwabonisa ukuthi ukuxubeka okuthile kwalezi zidalwa kukhiqiza indawo enempilo nenempilo emhlabathini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, zingaba nomthelela omuhle ekukhuleni kwesitshalo, ngakolunye uhlangothi zivimbele amagciwane kanye nokuqina kokuqina.
Ama-Microorganisms ayasetshenziswa
Ukuhlanganiswa okunjalo kuqukethe izinhlobo zama-80 azungeze izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinto eziphilayo ezenzeka emvelweni. Ngokuphambili kukhona ama-lactic acid nama-photosynthesis bacteria kanye nemasta. Ukusuka kulokhu, kwaqalwa umqondo, manje owaziwa ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Impumelelo Microorganisms" (EM). Abakhiqizi abaningana namuhla bakhiqiza inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo ye-microorganism ephumelelayo yekhwalithi ehlukahlukene.
Ama -organices agxilile awasebenzi njengamanyolo ajwayelekile noma ama-pesticides, kufanele aqondwe kuphela njenge-trailblazer. "Baqondisa imvelo endaweni eyodwa ukuze ukuvutshelwa kwezinto eziphilayo kwenzeke futhi," kuchaza uLukas Hader, inhloko yenkampani Multikraft, Umkhiqizi Ophakeme wase-Austrian Osebenzayo we-Microorganism.
Ezilimeni zezithelo nezilimo ezisebenzayo, lokhu kusho ukuthi: "izilwane ezizuzayo, ezinjengemisundu, zingawenza kahle umsebenzi wazo". Njengasalami noma ushizi, ukuvutshelwa futhi kuyinqubo enhle endle, ekhulula izinto ezinjenge-amino acid noma amavithamini. Iqiniso ukuthi kusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa komanyolo kanye nama-pesticides kumlimi.
Ama-Microorganisms asebenzayo: Ukusebenza okuhlukahlukene
Imikhiqizo ye-EM iyatholakala ngezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo. Zithandwa kakhulu kulinywe zezithelo nemifino, zombili kwezolimo, kodwa nasengadini yangasese, njengemikhiqizo yokuhlanza i-eco kanye nezimonyo zemvelo eziqinisekisiwe - ezokugcina zivela enkampanini yasekhaya Multikraft asethuthukile. Amachibi, ama-biotopes kanye nasemapulazini ezinhlanzi, ama-Microorganisms asebenzayo asiza ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamanzi futhi anciphise i-sludge yokugaya.
Ekhaya, kusetshenziswa ama-Microorganisms asebenza ngempumelelo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukwenza amakhompiyutha asheshayo emfucumfucu ekhishini kanye nokwehliswa kwamaphunga amabi ezitsheni zokungcola ze-bio. Isibuko sikhulu.
Esikhathini sezikhukhula eThailand i-2011 Ukulungiselela iMicroorganism Esebenzayo isetshenziselwe ukubulala amagciwane amanzi angcolile. Kukhona nemibiko evela kubantu abaphuza i-EM ngakho-ke kusolwa ukuthi baphila izimpilo ezinempilo.
Kafushane nje, ama-Microorganisms asebenzayo angasebenza kabusha, akhuphule amandla nempilo futhi avikele izinqubo eziwohlokayo nezifo nomaphi lapho zisetshenziswa khona.
EM
Kepha ayini ama-Microorganisms asebenzayo? Ama -organices aphumelelayo - abizwa nangokuthi yi-EM - ayinhlanganisela ekhethekile yama-microorganisms esekela izinqubo zokuphinda enze izinto futhi acindezele izinqubo zokubumba. Le nhlanganisela yathuthukiswa mayelana ne-30 eminyakeni eyedlule e-Okinawa (Japan).
Ama-microorganisms abaluleke kakhulu kuma-Microorganisms asebenzayo angama-bacterium e-lactic acid, ama-yeast nama-bacterial photosynthetic. Onke amakhemikhali aqoqiwe esizeni emvelweni futhi akhiqizwa ngokukhethekile - i-GMO-free.
Ama-bacterium asebenzayo angasetshenziswa kuzo zonke izindawo zokuphila lapho kusetshenzelwa khona izinto eziphilayo lapho kwenziwa khona izinto zokwenziwa, isib. Ekhaya nasengadini, emachibini nasezimbizeni zokugeza, epulazini lezinhlanzi, emfuyweni (isib. Amathole) nakwezolimo, emigodini yomquba, Imfucumfucu yezindawo zokungcola, izindawo zokugcwala umquba, izitshalo zokwelapha indle kanye nokuchitheka kwendle, imboni, njll. - imisebenzi yamagciwane aphathekayo ayaphindaphindeka. Ezinye izindawo ezisetshenziswayo yizimonyo zemvelo, imikhiqizo yasendlini, njll.
Ukuqhelanisa "nekhambi lezimanga"
Izilwanyana ezincane ezisebenzayo zisengundabuzekwayo. Kukhona abasekeli abashisekayo, kepha ngokwemvelo nabagxeki. Izizathu zalokhu - njengakwezinto eziningi ezintsha - ukuthi umphumela wazo ungafakazelwa kuphela ngokwesayensi ngezinga elilinganiselwe nokuthi ucwaningo kule ndawo alunantshisekelo kangako. “Imikhiqizo isebenza iyonke. Awukwazi ukubheka amapharamitha ngamanye uwedwa, ”kusho uHader. “Noma umphumela omuhle usobala, akukakabi bikho ukuqinisekiswa kwamaphesenti ayikhulu.” Yize izifundo eziningi sezikhona manje, ama-Effective Microorganisms asabalwa njenge- “drug drug” ehlukanisayo. Futhi: Kuze kube manje, isayensi ibigxile kakhulu kwizithelo nakwezolimo. I-EM ibhekwa ngokuhlolisisa ngocwaningo oluvela eSwitzerland - noma ngabe umphumela omuhle ngokuvela kwamagciwane amancane awuphikiswa. Kepha abaseSwitzerland kufanele bakubekezelele ukugxekwa ngokwabo: Abavumeli ukubukwa kwimininingwane yabo eluhlaza.
Olunye ucwaningo oluthunywe ngumenzi lwenziwe eNyuvesi Yezemvelo Nezifundo Zempilo eVienna.
Ekuhlolweni kwensimu yeminyaka emithathu ezihlahleni zama-apula, ososayensi bathola ukuthi ukutholakala kwesifo se-apula lesifo kuncishiswe kakhulu ngokuphathwa kwezihlahla. Ngokufanayo, umanyolo futhi ufafazwe ngezihlahla ze-EM kukhombisa isixhumi esikhulu sombambo nezithelo ezikhulu. U-Andreas Spornberger, Boku uSolwazi weViticulture and Fruit Growing, kanye nomlobi walolu cwaningo, uthi, "Ama-microorganisms aphumelelayo aqinisa inhlabathi futhi asize isitshalo ukuletha kangcono izakhi zomzimba." Kepha uthi, "Lapho inhlabathi ye Indlu iphilile, khona-ke uzokuzuza ngemiphumela emincane kuphela ye-EM. "Kepha amaphesenti we-100 inhlabathi enempilo awekho emvelweni.
Isiphetho salolu cwaningo: Ama-microorganisms aphumelelayo afanele lapho kukhula khona inzuzo enkulu, njengasezindaweni zezihlahla zezihlahla. Ucwaningo olufanayo kuma-paradigms lwembula amanani aphezulu wokuhluma kanye nokuvela kwesitshalo kwangaphambilini ngokusebenzisa i-EM.
Ama -organices aphumelelayo esivivinyweni
Kwezinye izinyanga manje, i-Option-Redaktion ibilokhu ihlola imikhiqizo yama-microorganisms asebenzayo - ikakhulukazi kuma-ejenti wokuhlanza, imikhiqizo yezolimo kanye nezimonyo zemvelo Multikraft, Vele, le mikhiqizo ingamayelana nobungani babo bomsebenzisi kanye nokusebenza ngempumelelo esivivinyweni futhi ayinakuhlolwa ngokwesayensi. Kepha okubalulekile umphumela.
Iqembu lokuhlela lokukhetha linentshiseko ngokukhethekile ngama-ejenti wokuhlanza anjengokuhlanza iwindi. Aziphambani neze phansi kunabahlaziyi bamakhemikhali abajwayelekile. Futhi futhi banemvelo ngokuphelele.
Okufanayo kusebenza emikhiqizweni yezimonyo yemvelo, okuyiqiniso, njenganoma iziphi izimonyo zemvelo ohlelweni lwazo - njengokuthinta amagwebu - zisebenza ngokuhlukile. Yilapho izinyo lamazinyo elivela e-bioemsan lalijabulisa kakhulu khona.
Abahleli babuye bahlole ama-microorganisms asebenzayo endaweni yengadi - ikakhulukazi maqondana nezindlela zokulawula izinambuzane nezifo ezihlahleni. Phakathi kokunye, kulapha ukulwa nokudukelwa okwenziwe ngamaqabunga amajikijolo amajikijolo. Ngokucashile, ukwelashwa kuyaqala, kepha isikhathi sokubhekisisa sisekufushane kakhulu ukubika.
Photo / Video: Ugogo.
