Uhlelo esiguqukayo

"Ikakhulu ngemuva kwe1989, umqondo olula kakhulu, oqhutshwa ngokomnotho owenziwe umuntu uzisungule wona, ukuze thina sodwa silandele intshisekelo yethu yezomnotho futhi ngaleyo ndlela sifake isandla emphakathini."
Umbhali uPankaj Mishra

Ngenkathi imodeli yentando yeningi yaseNtshonalanga yayikade ithathwa njengophumelele emlandweni, lo mfuzonhlalo nomnotho manje ususilahlekele kakhulu.
Uma kunikezwe isimo saso samanje, akumangazi. Izindlela zentando yeningi ezisentshonalanga namuhla ziphawuleka ngokungalingani okuphakathi kwezenhlalo, amandla acishe abe yimbudane nokuxineka kwabezindaba, uhlelo lwezimali olubuthakathaka, inhlupheko yezikweletu yangasese neyomphakathi nokukhohlakala okukhohlakele kwabazimele bezepolitiki. Okokugcina, izinkemba zaseDamocles zokushintshwa kwesimo sezulu, abantu asebekhulile nokufuduka okuseduze kugobhoza ngaphezu kwabo. Isiphamandla se-wing-right wupping kanye nezipoki ezigunyazayo zinikeza ithuba eliyingqayizivele lokuphinda lithathe imiphefumulo elahlekile ngesithembiso sokubanika umcezwana nesithunzi.

Amaqiniso wokuthi ubuphofu nezimpi sehlile emhlabeni wonke emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, ukuthi bonke ubushiqela baseYurophu baqedwa, nokuthi akukaze kwenzeke ukuthi abantu abaningi kangaka bafinyelele emfundweni, kwezokwelapha, izimpesheni, ezokuphepha, uhlelo lwezomthetho kanye nokwenqena, badlala indima emangazayo emcabangweni womphakathi.

amafomu inkampani

Igama elithi ukwakheka komphakathi, ukwakheka kwenhlalo noma uhlelo lomphakathi luqondakala kwezenhlalo, isayensi yezombusazwe kanye nomlando njengokwakheka komlando wenhlangano nenhlangano yezenhlalo. Umqondo wokwakheka komphakathi, owakhiwa ngaphezu kwakho konke nguKarl Marx, uhlanganisa ingqikithi yabo bonke ubudlelwano bezenhlalo obuhlukanisa uhlobo oluthile lomphakathi kolunye. Izibonelo zokwakheka komphakathi ngumphakathi wasendulo obambe izigqila, umphakathi wesikhathi sobudlova, ubungqomali besimanje, ubufascism noma ubukhomanisi.
Ngokusho kukaMarx, zonke izinhlobo zomlando womphakathi zakhiwa izimpi zeklasi.

Ukuguquka

Kunokuvumelana okungajwayelekile phakathi kososayensi befilosofi, ososayensi bezepolitiki nososayensi bezomnotho ukuthi uhlelo lwanamuhla lwezenhlalo nezomnotho luzofinyelela esimeni esiguqukayo bese sishintsha kakhulu. Umbuzo usesikhala, nokuthi lolu shintsho luzofika ngaluphi uhlobo futhi ikakhulukazi lapho azosiguqula khona. Ngekusasa elingcono? Okubi kakhulu? Okabani? Ngabe sesizobhekana nenguquko? Ushintsho oluyisisekelo, olunamandla ngenkambo evulekile futhi kwesinye isikhathi ebuhlungu nomphumela? Noma ingabe ezepolitiki zizogcina zivule izikali ezimbalwa bese zidala izimo zohlaka zomphakathi onobulungisa, onempilo futhi onobuntu xaxa? Ngabe kuzokwenziwa nezintela ezithile, imali eyisisekelo, uhlelo oluningi lokuvota kanye nentando yeningi eqondile?

Ukuhlukaniswa nezinxushunxushu

Isayensi yezepolitiki yaseBulgaria kanye nomeluleki wezepolitiki u-Ivan Krastev ulungiselela ukuhlakazeka nezinxushunxushu. Ubuye futhi abonakale ngokuwohloka kwendawo yenkululeko yeningi futhi mhlawumbe nezwe uma kwenzeka zihlukaniswa i-EU, ziqhathanisa unyaka u-2017 nonyaka wezinguquko u-1917, lapho uMbuso WamaTsarist waseRussia, uMbuso waseHabsburg noMbuso wase-Ottoman baqala ukuhlakazeka.

Isimo se-Symbiosis - umphakathi

Umqondisi we-Institute for Social Change and Sustainability (IGN), u-Ingolfur Blühdorn, uphinde athola ukwehluleka okucacile kohlelo lwethu lwamanje kwezenhlalo nakwezomnotho futhi ubona isikhathi semibono encomekayo. Ubonisa izimpikiswano eziphathelene nesayensi ngokuwohloka okususelekayo kobusokapitali (Streeck, Mason), ukushintshwa kwezomnotho, ukukhula kanye nokusetshenziswa komnotho okuqhutshwa yinkambiso (Prince, Muraca), ukuya emijikelezweni yezomnotho yasendaweni ehambisanayo, edinga izidingongqangi kanye nezisebenza kahle kwezomnotho wendawo (i-Petschow) noma. I-Symbiosis entsha ngokuphelele phakathi kwemvelo nomphakathi (i-Crutzen ne Schwägerl, Arias, Maldonado). KuProfesa Blühdorn, "izimo zenhlalo-namasiko zoguquko olukhulu olwedlula ubukhokho, ukukhula kanye namasiko abathengi athandeka kakhulu kunangaphambili".

Ukuphahlazeka okukhulu

Kwisazi se-ethnologist kanye nongumsunguli wenhlangano i-Occupy Wall Street, uDavid Graeber, uprofesa eLondon School of Economics and Science Science, umbuzo awukona ukuthi uhlelo lwethu lwamanje lwezepolitiki kanye nakwezomnotho luzokwehla, kodwa kunalokho lapho lokho kuzokwenzeka kuyinto. Ubona izigigaba eziningi ezehlela, kodwa hhayi ezinobudlova. Ebuzwa ukuthi ngabe iliphi iqhaza okufanele idlalwe yi-Occupy Movement emcimbini lapho uhlelo lwethu lwamanje luzofaka khona, kuphendula, "Yebo, sifuna kube yibona abazoqhamuka nohlelo lokwakhiwa kabusha."

Yize uTomáš Sedlácek eshiya kungangabazeki ukuthi uhlelo lwamanje alusasebenzi, alukholeki ngokuphelele futhi ucishe wafa, ukholelwa ukuthi lungaguqulwa ngaphandle kokuqhuma.

Ukuzalwa kabusha komuntu

Umlobi wezomnotho nalowo ozuze umklomelo uTomáš Sedlácek uxwayisa ngengozi enkulu futhi nezinxushunxushu eziholelanayo, ngoba "uma kungathinta umuntu ngemuva kwalokho, kuzoba umuntu onamandla [...] futhi akekho onobuhlakani noma abanye abantu". Ngenkathi akashiyi kungabaza ukuthi uhlelo lwamanje alusasebenzi, alugcineki unomphela futhi lufa, kepha unombono wokuthi lungaguqulwa ngaphandle kokuqhuma. Eminye yemisebenzi ebalulekile yongxowankulu bezinguquko "ukunikela ngomphefumlo" ezikhungweni ezikhona nokwakha isikhala izinto ezingekho emthethweni zesintu. USedlácek ubona "uhlobo lokuzalwa kabusha kobuntu" lusondela kithi. "Sihlukanise okuthile lapho, nomnotho awunasisekelo, njengoba bekunobuwula kakhulu, njengoba manje sesibona sekwephuze kakhulu," kusho usomnotho.

Ngokombono wasemuva, futhi, isithombe esisungulwe senhlalo sendoda enengqondo, ebheke inzuzo iyimbangela yosizi lwethu. Ngakho-ke, ngokombono wombhali wezindaba waseNdiya kanye nomlobi uPankaj Mishra, sinezinkinga ekuqondeni izingqinamba ezikhona ngoba sinamathele kakhulu emcabangweni womuntu njengendoda ebambelayo. "Ikakhulu ngemuva kwe-1989, umbono olula kakhulu, ozinze kwezomnotho womuntu uzisungule wona uqobo, ukuze thina sodwa silandele intshisekelo yethu yezomnotho bese senza umnikelo emphakathini," kusho uMishra. Iqiniso lokuthi lesi sithombe asenzi ubulungiswa ebuntwini futhi limane nje lingazinaki izingxabano zalo eziphikisanayo, ezingenangqondo kanye nezisusa liyabulala ekuhlelekeni komphakathi waseNtshonalanga ngokubuka kwakhe. Ngokusho kwakhe, kufanele futhi sibheke le ndaba "kusukela ekubukeni kwabaphulayo ukuze siyiqonde".

Intando yeningi yesikhathi esizayo

Inkampani yokubonisana ngezindaba zomphakathi yase-Austrian iKovar & Partners ibuza ochwepheshe minyaka yonke ngokuhlolwa kwabo ngekusasa lentando yeningi. NgoJanuwari bayishicilele njenge-Arena Analysis 2017 - ukuqala kabusha intando yeningi. Izincomo eziyinhloko:

obalaIzindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokungathembani kosopolitiki ukuveza izinto obala. Ochwepheshe bayavuma ukuthi ukuveza izinto obala kuzobamba iqhaza elikhulu ngokuzayo. Ikakhulu, bafuna kucace bha umsebenzi wePhalamende ukuze izinqubo zokuthatha izinqumo zilandelwe futhi ziqondakale, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, amakomidi angasakazwa bukhoma ku-TV.

Imithetho emisha yomdlalo ngezingxoxo zezintshisekelo zenhlalo eziyisisekelo (izingxabano). Kungakhathalekile ukuthi babe negalelo elingakanani ekulinganeni kwenhlalo, ukusebenzisana kwezenhlalo e-Austrian akusahambisani nenani labantu base-Austrian. Umsebenzi wokumelela ngempumelelo amaqembu abalulekile wezenhlalo nawo ungadluliselwa emphakathini wezenhlalo.

Gcina i-Europe: Amathemba enhlangano ebumbene ye-Yurobhu ayinangqondo kulezi zinsuku. Kodwa-ke, ngombono wokuma kwezwe kanye nowezomnotho, ukusinda nokujula okwengeziwe kwe-EU yisimo esihle kakhulu se-Austria. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe bafuna ukuzibophezela okusebenzayo ekuvuseleleni umqondo waseYurophu, ikakhulukazi izinkampani nezinhlangano ezizuza ikakhulu kwimingcele evulekile.

Ukucabanga kabusha ngemfundo yezepolitiki: Kwabancane, intando yeningi ayisekho ukubaluleka kwayo ngokwayo .Ngakho-ke, ukufundiswa kwemiqondo eyisisekelo yentando yeningi ezikoleni zase-Austrian kubalulekile. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kahle ngokuhambisana okusebenzayo nangaphansi kokudluliswa kwemininingwane engabonakali.

Khangisa ngentando yeningi! Konke, isincomo siya kuzo zonke izakhamizi, kuzo zonke izinhlangano, ezikhungweni nasezinkampanini: "Sizodinga ukukhangiswa okwengeziwe 'ngohlelo lwentando yeningi'. Noma ngubani okholelwa ukuthi uhlelo lwethu lwentando yeningi yiselula ye-perpetuum akulungile. Ukuphakamisa uhlelo lwentando yeningi nakho kungaba yinkinga engaxhuma bonke abentando yeningi. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho sifaka khona imali ekuzameni ukuphendula lo mbuzo: Yini exhuma thina e-Austria? Lokho futhi, kungaba ngumbala wokuthuthuka kwentando yeningi yethu ", kusho ababhali bophando.

Photo / Video: Ugogo.