USusanne Wolf
"Uma kukhulunywa ngokukhishwa kwe-CO2, i-apula ejwayelekile evela esifundeni iLake Constance iyakhathaza kakhulu kune-apula elivela eNew Zealand."
UChristian Pladerer, Isikhungo Sezomnotho ÖÖI
Izinkomo ezijabule enkambini futhi zikhuluma iSchweinderl: Uma ukholelwa ukukhangiswa, ezolimo zasendaweni zingothando lwangempela. Ngokudabukisayo, iqiniso lihlukile: Izinkomo zincishiswa ubisi oluhlanganisiwe ngokudla okugxilisiwe nokukhiqizwa okukhethiwe. Izigidi zamantshontsho amaduna abulawa unyaka nonyaka njengoba ukukhuliswa kwazo kungakhokhi. Ekukondleni kwengulube, kubuya njalo kokuhlukumezeka, njenga Inhlangano yokulwa namafemu wezilwane kwembula njalo.
Igama elithi "isifunda", elihanjiswa njengelibalulekile nelimeme, ngaleyo ndlela lilahlekelwe ukwethenjwa kwalo. Imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo ukusika okungcono kakhulu, kepha kuvame ukubiza kakhulu - inyama e-organic ibiza kabili kuze kube kathathu.
"Isidingo sithatha isinqumo sokuthi: Abantu abaningi bathenga nje ngentengo futhi abasaboni ukubaluleka kokudla," kusho uHannes Royer, umlimi we-organic kanye nosihlalo wenhlangano iL Land kudala impilo. "Nokho, lapho bathenga, abathengi banquma ngokukhiqiza nemvelaphi yokudla." E-Austria, ngamaphesenti ayishumi kuphela emali engenayo yasekhaya yokudla esetshenzisiwe. "I-iPhone ye700 Euro iyenza isheshe othile," kugxeka uRoyer.
Abalimi balwela ukusinda
Kepha ingabe konke kubi impela kwezolimo zethu? Ngokusho kombiko wokuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu i-Federal Environment Agency, i-2018 evikela isimo sezulu, ezolimo e-Austria zifaka isandla ngamaphesenti ama-10,3 ekukhutshweni kwe-CO2, okubandakanya ukulima okwenziwa ngomanyolo. “Kukhulunywa nokusiza abalimi bendawo,” kusho uRoyer, eveza ukuthi abalimi balwela kanjani ukusinda. "Izimo zezimakethe zomhlaba zinesihluku, imakethe yamahhala ifaka abalimi ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu. Umlimi ojwayelekile wase-Austrian unezinkomo zobisi ze18, abaningi baye basebenza nje. Ukuze ukwazi ukuphila njengomlimi ongeyona organic ovela embonini yobisi, udinga izinkomo ze-40 noma ngaphezulu ngokuya ngesakhiwo sepulazi. Ukucatshangelwa kabusha kwezenhlalo yezilwane nokusimama kuyenzeka kancane kancane. Ngemuva kwakho konke, i-Austria isephambili kwezokulima e-EU ngamaphesenti we-20 wezolimo, kepha ukudla okuningi okufana nobisi kufanele kuthunyelwe kwamanye amazwe. "Izindleko nokuzikhandla kuphezulu kwezolimo, yingakho intengo ephezulu yokudla okuphilayo," uyachaza uRoyer, futhi uyanezela: "Isifunda kanye ne-organic bekulungile. Kodwa-ke, ezolimo akufanele zikwazi ukudlulisa lokho okufunwa ama-Austrian. "
Okwesifunda, okuphathekayo noma okulungile?
Imikhiqizo engeniswa isuka emazweni akude nayo iyagxekwa ngenxa yokuhamba okubanzi. Ukulinganiselwa kokudla kubheka imithelela yemvelo ngokukhiqiza, ukuthutha nokusebenzisa. Kepha lapha futhi, ukuthi ukudla kuvela emasimini ajwayelekile noma e-organic kubalulekile yini: "Uma kukhulunywa ngokukhishwa kwe-CO2, i-apula elivamile kusuka esifundeni iLake Constance likhathazeka kakhulu kune-apula elivela eNew Zealand," kusho uChristian Pladerer wase Institute Lemvelo, "Njengoba imikhumbi yemithwalo ithwala inani elikhulu, umthwalo we-CO2 we-apula elilodwa uphansi."
Lapho ukhetha phakathi kwe-apula lendabuko lendabuko kanye nomuntu ohamba kahle we-organic pladerer usalokhu ecela ukwahluka kwesifunda, ngoba izici zezenhlalo zokulinganisa ezinjengezimo zokusebenza bezingabhekwa endaweni. Ukudla okuningi, njengawolintshi noma ubhanana, kuxhaphaza abasebenzi emazweni aseNingizimu.
Vele, lokhu kunjalo ngama-sitrobheli noma ama-asparagus, okuvame ukutholakala kumashalofu wesuphamakethe ngaphambi nje kwesizini yendawo. Ngokusho kocwaningo olwenziwe yi-VCÖ, ikhilogremu eyodwa eyindiza esuka eMelika eseMelika yongcolisa isimo sezulu cishe ngamakhilogremu e-17 e-CO2, okuyizikhathi ze-280 kaningi kakhulu njengoba kuthengwe ngama-asparagus esifundeni.
Izimo zokusebenza ezingalungile
Ilebuli ye-Fairtrade iqinisekisa abalimi abancane inani eliphansi lemikhiqizo yabo, kanye nobudlelwano bezentengiselwano besikhathi eside, kuyenqabela ukusebenza kwezingane futhi kuvame ukukhuthaza abesifazane kuma-co-op. "I-Fairtrade ngokuyinhloko imele izimo ezisebenzayo nezokuhlala kahle," kusho uHartwig Kirner, onguMqondisi Ophethe I-Fairtrade Austria, "Futhi kuphela lapho umanyolo"E-Austria, amaphesenti ama-70 wemikhiqizo ye-Fairtrade nawo aqinisekisiwe. “Akusibo bonke abalimi abancane abakwazi ukukhokhela ipulazi lezinto eziphilayo ngoba kuyabiza kakhulu futhi kubiza kakhulu. Isidingo asihlali sikhona. "
Ekhuluma ngezimo zokusebenza: Ama-Auxiliaries kwezolimo nawo ayaxhashazwa e-Austria. Ngesikhathi sokuvuna, kuvamile emapulazini amaningi ase-Austrian ukuqasha abasebenzi bokuvuna abavela emazweni angomakhelwane be-EU.
"Ukuxhashazwa ngumthetho kunalokho ngaphandle kokukhetha, kungaba ngukulima okujwayelekile noma okujwayelekile," kusho uLilla Hajdu oyinyunyana yabakhiqizi bePR-GE eBurgenland. "Abasebenzi abakhethiwe bakhethwa abangakhulumi isiJalimane - kodwa bavame ukunqunyelwa."
Ukudla okuhlukile kokudla
Ukudla coops imiphakathi yezitolo enamalungu ayo ahlanganyela ngokuhlanganyela ekuthengweni kokudla okwenziwe ngamapulazi nabalimi bendawo. "Empeleni, izimo ezisebenzayo zokuholelwa kwabasebenzi kuwo wonke ama-coops wokudla yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekukhetheni abaphakeli," kusho okhulumela i-Foodcoop. Kodwa-ke, zonke izinkampani ezaziwayo zizoba nezisebenzi ezingapheli ezibe zinesizini ngayinye iminyaka eminingana, imvamisa zivela eCzech Republic, eSlovakia naseHungary.
I-Ochsenherz Gärtnerhof iyipulazi leDemeter elihlelwe ngokuhlanganyela eGänserndorf. Imodeli yaleli fomu lezomnotho yiCommunity Supported Agriculture (CSA) evela e-USA. I-Austria-wide njengamanje kunamapulazi e-26, ahlelwe ngokomgomo wezolimo wobumbano. E-Gärtnerhof Ochsenherz, ngokwesibonelo, abantu be-300, njengamaqembu wokuvuna, ezezimali nokuxhasa ukutshalwa nokunakekelwa kwemifino, lapho abalimi behlinzeka khona wonke umphakathi. "Abaningi bethu bangama-Austrian nabashadikazi baseRomania abaqashiwe - kodwa unyaka wonke," kusho uMonika Mühr wenhliziyo kaGela ox.
Hlala kude: Izeluleko ze-4 zokukugcina uphephile!
Imikhiqizo enamafutha esundu - Ngokwesilinganiso yonke imikhiqizo yesibili yokudla iqukethe uwoyela wesundu: kumabhisikidi, kusakazwa, imikhiqizo eqediwe, kodwa futhi nakwizikhuhla, izimonyo namafutha agro-fu. Ngokutshala kwamafutha esundu, ikakhulukazi e-Indonesia, izindawo ezinkulu zamahlathi emvula ziyahlanjululwa futhi ama-peat bogs awomile. Umthelela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu mkhulu kakhulu: Okwamanje i-Indonesia iphakathi kwesithathu phakathi kwamazwe ane-CO2 ephezulu yokuphuma, ngemuva kwe-US neChina. Futhi umhlaba wezilwane uyathinteka: Ngaphezu kwakho konke i-Orang Utans neSumatra Tigern kuncishiswa ukuqothulwa kwehlathi laseLebensraum. Ezinye izindlela yimikhiqizo enamafutha asekhaya afana ne-sunflower oil noma i-rapeseed.
Nakekela ngezimpawu zekhwalithi ezisezingeni elifanele NjengeSustainable Palmoil (RSPO), Marine Stewardship (MSC), noma iRainforest Alliance (RA) Roundtable: Bathembisa ukuqina, kepha kubhekwe yiGreenpeace ukuthi ayithembeki.
Iziphuzo ezivela kumabhodlela epulasitiki, ikakhulukazi amanzi amaminerali: ipulasitiki yenziwa ngophethiloli kanye nokungcola kwepulasitiki kungcolisa imvelo yethu. Ukuhlolwa kokuqhathanisa kukhombisile ukuthi amanzi ompompi wase-Austrian kwezinye izimo aqukethe ngisho namaminerali amaningi kunamanzi amaminerali namanje.
Inyama evela kwezolimo ezejwayelekile: Ukulima okufakwayo, izidakamizwa ezilwa namagciwane, i-methane, ukubhujiswa kwehlathi lemvula ngokuthumela i-soy. Lawa ngamagama angukhiye ambalwa nje ahambisana nokukhiqizwa kwezilwane okuvamile. Okuhlukile yinyama evela kulimo lwendalo.
Photo / Video: Ugogo.
